Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary

As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 27 of 27 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2506.07541.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.07541 v1

Coverage vector

measured 27 of 27 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.839084Z

measured 28 of 28 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-16T14:59:02.533789Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-16T15:01:03.860949Z

Reference resolution

27 of 27 outbound references displayed

verified exact5
verified fuzzy0
unresolved22
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation f92a19fa-8847-45e3-9ffd-f6d61445b4e5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.723146Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b747adf6-d09b-404a-b37f-2a827f8addc9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:48.206180Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 187196f1-4259-4d50-89a5-8b399af1e10b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.732846Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 750354bf-6abd-424d-8f91-2a2e8c6c0b95 · outbound

This paper cites Unpacking Tokenization: Evaluating Text Compression and its Correlation with Model Performance.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Unpacking Tokenization: Evaluating Text Compression and its Correlation with Model Performance

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.736679Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 026787a5-382d-4147-95ea-71aea0e426bb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.742534Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ca30e892-fb6c-4dbb-9f24-e2ac5c269b6d · outbound

This paper cites llm-japanese-dataset v0: Construction of Japanese Chat Dataset for Large Language Models and its Methodology.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary llm-japanese-dataset v0: Construction of Japanese Chat Dataset for Large Language Models and its Methodology

Reference 6

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:48.000054Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation a2955705-5336-4b18-aff0-dd2d4d9bf169 · outbound

This paper cites Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.754061Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f9b71a5d-0975-4219-a6ed-e355bb7fe654 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.759911Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 76990980-a770-4a6c-aaa7-af04ce1a6b81 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.763623Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ecc8165b-820d-4d01-a388-e17ce8870faf · outbound

This paper cites Fishing for Magikarp: Automatically Detecting Under-trained Tokens in Large Language Models.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Fishing for Magikarp: Automatically Detecting Under-trained Tokens in Large Language Models

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.767570Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 79195f88-fc0d-48df-b778-a8f7b2202767 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.946958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation f176c6cb-890a-4371-b7b6-e53edebd78bf · outbound

This paper cites Between words and characters: A Brief History of Open-Vocabulary Modeling and Tokenization in NLP.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Between words and characters: A Brief History of Open-Vocabulary Modeling and Tokenization in NLP

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.776405Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 783e6909-4d6c-46e4-acf8-b05faf1cb199 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.781530Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2b00db05-2640-4105-995c-1d61adade5e0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.785507Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 07e60d85-3ecb-4164-a512-f2afc329879c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.789514Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 23bc59bd-2a77-45a7-8644-0ae554f7cae4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.792926Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e3758a73-b1d4-4307-8b65-c409604ea107 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.797386Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f67d264d-77f7-45e2-bdfa-ea4d89dc09c6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.905517Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation ad3cffe7-803f-4703-be93-baf0f43e084f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.893880Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 80f9cc71-5b5b-4e7f-8612-b323b21d20e5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.809812Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 44417b48-4317-44c5-bdfd-8b771e69254b · outbound

This paper cites Neural Machine Translation with Byte-Level Subwords.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Neural Machine Translation with Byte-Level Subwords

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.814325Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 63d296ea-5f11-483c-b7d4-cbc63ed2b7ad · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.818734Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 94d2bed5-567b-4290-a6ad-8e557e34b33e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.822876Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation eca5d621-04b2-4a0d-8501-4751527aa297 · outbound

This paper cites Which Encoding is the Best for Text Classification in Chinese, English, Japanese and Korean?.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Which Encoding is the Best for Text Classification in Chinese, English, Japanese and Korean?

Reference 24

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:48.064441Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 2bba2cd9-80f7-44be-9212-6a2edf1bfbb2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.830300Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fee78c91-b140-4288-8c86-f942b2d7c0d4 · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.834127Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f6c9083e-06ca-4cfa-9c53-47dceded7b37 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary write newline

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T05:40:47.839084Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation c8bdc1a9-d010-4692-88f4-93d52d6baea8 · inbound

The Roots of Performance Disparity in Multilingual Language Models: Intrinsic Modeling Difficulty or Design Choices? cites this paper.

The Roots of Performance Disparity in Multilingual Language Models: Intrinsic Modeling Difficulty or Design Choices? Bit-level BPE: Below the byte boundary

Reference 11

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-16T15:01:03.863072Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.