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Observational Evidence for Black Holes

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arxiv 1312.6698 v2 pith:5TWFYN6T submitted 2013-12-23 astro-ph.HE gr-qc

classification astro-ph.HEgr-qc
keywords blackholesmassescorrelatedevidencegalaxiesgalaxyhole
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Astronomers have discovered two populations of black holes: (i) stellar-mass black holes with masses in the range 5 to 30 solar masses, millions of which are present in each galaxy in the universe, and (ii) supermassive black holes with masses in the range 10^6 to 10^{10} solar masses, one each in the nucleus of every galaxy. There is strong circumstantial evidence that all these objects are true black holes with event horizons. The measured masses of supermassive black hole are strongly correlated with properties of their host galaxies, suggesting that these black holes, although extremely small in size, have a strong influence on the formation and evolution of entire galaxies. Spin parameters have recently been measured for a handful of black holes. Based on the data, there is an indication that the kinetic power of at least one class of relativistic jet ejected from accreting black holes may be correlated with black hole spin. If verified, it would suggest that these jets are powered by a generalized Penrose process mediated by magnetic fields.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Leading-order gravitational time delay of massive particles by a moving Schwarzschild lens

    gr-qc 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A unified 1PM formula gives the gravitational time delay of relativistic massive and massless particles by a radially moving Schwarzschild lens, matching known light and static limits.

  2. Across the Horizon: On Gravitational Wave Flux Laws and Tests of Gravity

    gr-qc 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A dissertation deriving BMS flux laws, using them to test waveform models, and forecasting LISA observations of echoes and a stochastic background.

  3. Viscosity effects on the shadow of a non-rotating black hole

    gr-qc 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Shear viscosity and spacetime-curvature transport alter synthetic black hole shadow images of stationary magnetized tori at the few-μJy level.

  4. Revisiting Disc-Jet Coupling in Black Hole X-ray Binaries: On the Nature of Disc Dynamics and Jet Velocity

    astro-ph.HE 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Across thirteen black hole X-ray binaries, type-A QPOs show negative lags and often precede radio flares, type-B QPOs accompany the flares, and inferred soft-intermediate-state jet velocities are moderately relativistic.

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