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ler: LVK (LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration) event (compact-binary mergers) rate calculator and simulator

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arxiv 2407.07526 v4 pith:5YAJ3NNZ submitted 2024-07-10 astro-ph.IM astro-ph.HE

classification astro-ph.IMastro-ph.HE
keywords lenspackagepopulationsbinarycompact-binarydetectoreventframework
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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ler is a Python package for simulating compact-binary gravitational-wave populations and estimating detectable event rates for current and future LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA detector networks. The package provides a unified framework for unlensed and strongly lensed binary black hole, binary neutron star, and neutron star-black hole mergers. It samples source and lens populations, evaluates detector selection effects, solves lens equations for strongly lensed systems, and computes image properties such as magnifications and time delays. The framework supports multiple source-population and lens models, including SIS, SIE, and EPL plus external shear, and allows users to replace default distributions and detection criteria through modular interfaces. Computational efficiency is obtained through vectorized sampling, inverse-transform and importance-sampling strategies, multiprocessing, and just-in-time compiled routines. ler is designed for large-scale Monte Carlo studies in which rates and selected populations must be evaluated repeatedly, including forecasts for observing runs, studies of lensing candidate validation, and selection-function calculations for population inference. The package is distributed with documentation, validation examples, and reproducible workflows.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Search for strong lensing of gravitational waves in the binary black hole events from O1-O4a

    gr-qc 2026-07 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    Posterior Overlap 2.0 finds no lensed BBH pairs in O1–O4a (p_L < 0.6% for all pairs) and sets a 90% upper bound of 1.4% on the strong-lensing fraction.

  2. A First Investigation of Repeated-Signal Localization of Strongly Lensed Gravitational Waves for Multimessenger Astronomy

    astro-ph.IM 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    Combining multiple lensed images of the same gravitational-wave event improves sky localization by up to an order of magnitude, reaching 10-100 deg² for four-image systems.

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