Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization

As of 21 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 32 of 32 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2412.11777.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.11777 v1

Coverage vector

measured 32 of 32 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:32.988328Z

measured 32 of 32 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

32 of 32 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy1
unresolved31
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 3e27c1c0-19af-4227-b782-a85f0b1839d7 · outbound

This paper cites , " * write output.state after.block = add.period write newline.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization , " * write output.state after.block = add.period write newline

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:32.807434Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3258e9c4-5a69-4f80-a8ce-abc7af24db32 · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization write newline

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:32.817435Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2687c9a6-63df-47b7-90a8-17995d635475 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:33.508892Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 0844cde6-5cfd-4e09-8639-8924b9c94514 · outbound

This paper cites W.; Pfau, D.; Schaul, T.; Shillingford, B.; and De Freitas, N.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization W.; Pfau, D.; Schaul, T.; Shillingford, B.; and De Freitas, N

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:32.833736Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 56c15b49-e6b5-4d93-ae10-3d59b2072776 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:33.480942Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 949e7112-e1c2-4fd0-8f5f-613550ae8e3b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:33.464929Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation df8619fe-030b-425c-b532-8d632100efe0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:33.449936Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 6deadab1-565f-401c-bbc3-23e029ea4c75 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:32.850416Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b0c11b9c-12b3-4e73-a0bd-488a174adca3 · outbound

This paper cites Binarized Neural Networks: Training Deep Neural Networks with Weights and Activations Constrained to +1 or -1.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Binarized Neural Networks: Training Deep Neural Networks with Weights and Activations Constrained to +1 or -1

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:32.854726Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 37344420-cf23-427a-a6c1-04bc3b8ef012 · outbound

This paper cites L.; Zaremba, W.; Bruna, J.; LeCun, Y.; and Fergus, R.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization L.; Zaremba, W.; Bruna, J.; LeCun, Y.; and Fergus, R

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:33.417533Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation c7083f36-d447-4d25-980c-e3f6ed227e82 · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:32.866902Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b90bbf37-2fc5-4f2a-a4b8-10e33000f25b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:33.396601Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 11a2958c-d528-4f86-8351-178db7ddbb59 · outbound

This paper cites A.; Van Gool, L.; Williams, C.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization A.; Van Gool, L.; Williams, C

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:32.876415Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 319a60bb-94d3-4224-ad0d-7e07217c22a8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:32.880315Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 82e9dfdf-9b6d-464a-929d-84e8c8b9b637 · outbound

This paper cites Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:32.884405Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1bd114bf-cbba-44df-aa28-0b9d2b1a094f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:33.359716Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation b04af37a-c725-4c66-85e4-a8dc5e245786 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:33.345092Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 031900a5-7394-45ed-8c5d-a3e2f3d8fd80 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:32.896282Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation aa220f5c-bab8-4dba-8c5d-8723207bbee8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:32.900277Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 72e630ba-b93b-41d9-b9e3-6a630dccb0f8 · outbound

This paper cites SqueezeNet: AlexNet-level accuracy with 50x fewer parameters and <0.5MB model size.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization SqueezeNet: AlexNet-level accuracy with 50x fewer parameters and <0.5MB model size

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:32.904492Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 8d24620f-fc79-4f28-8cdf-2a6082717d02 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:32.910062Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9522a4d4-336c-4017-af70-dfb8e7a25c69 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:32.917165Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bfac0e84-c968-46e3-99f2-cf1569f3a227 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:33.293588Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation ec1dea18-5d78-4b66-98a4-eef1e10c7362 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:33.278859Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 8d5b2adf-ce68-4d7c-b1c9-74c4d519996e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:33.265394Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 84f6911b-083a-4c12-9575-bff5ce99bed5 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:33.250809Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation ab92ccf5-b949-45ca-84c4-f86a583ec31e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:32.953354Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4451ca9b-95d3-49b6-960d-c411669f86fe · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:33.223827Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 6e37494c-7997-4aae-8017-ce8c84f8d60c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:33.208833Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation 8c03b788-02e5-4753-9064-1143ab6ced73 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:33.186536Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-21T06:32:19.484+00:00.

Observation c57d6f40-4604-4d39-923e-19f5c2b24247 · outbound

This paper cites DoReFa-Net: Training Low Bitwidth Convolutional Neural Networks with Low Bitwidth Gradients.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization DoReFa-Net: Training Low Bitwidth Convolutional Neural Networks with Low Bitwidth Gradients

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:32.981915Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a1d94d14-272f-4e19-895e-200dec141a48 · outbound

This paper cites Vision Mamba: Efficient Visual Representation Learning with Bidirectional State Space Model.

Fast and Slow Gradient Approximation for Binary Neural Network Optimization Vision Mamba: Efficient Visual Representation Learning with Bidirectional State Space Model

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T14:42:32.988328Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.