Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models

As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 31 of 31 outbound references and 10 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.22113.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.22113 v1

Coverage vector

measured 31 of 31 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:17.785500Z

measured 41 of 41 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 10 of 10 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:59:24.782504Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-02T21:27:24.497080Z

Reference resolution

31 of 31 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy8
unresolved21
parse uncertain2
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation c384100b-c8b7-4d1c-b309-d55a9f9c7178 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:21.917705Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation ac1eb0a1-e109-406b-988f-f90903cd7299 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:21.651898Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 93ab8204-0496-486f-bde8-8f826a067208 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:21.425334Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation b24a198a-bec0-47a7-b87b-9f14c1907439 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:21.182153Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation e93cbc2c-dc6f-4737-836a-fe532de576a4 · outbound

This paper cites solution1.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models solution1

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:20.896976Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation b0690b8e-de93-40a9-ab65-9a913a55ab7b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:15.332107Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b94e670f-245b-4ca8-b275-77d94a51c5de · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: parse uncertain; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:15.410585Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a0f55e05-4ba8-4f10-b81a-5675b489ce45 · outbound

This paper cites step_index.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models step_index

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:20.723877Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 8d26cb6c-619a-45ca-9630-2699465649da · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:20.470923Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 03e0ef78-1002-4995-902a-e9e024f821a1 · outbound

This paper cites correct_answer.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models correct_answer

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:20.257129Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation aef9f10d-7f23-4bb8-8aaf-f09ab6276f2d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:15.844503Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b14553b6-303f-45e2-8cb1-4b2373b2aad6 · outbound

This paper cites Match": Aligns with ground truth -.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Match": Aligns with ground truth -

Reference 15

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:19.984932Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 8cbf3a86-79be-4057-ae6e-b8ff97544a75 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:16.007807Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fb0856b0-a0ac-4267-b70a-af6bcb28aae7 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:16.097596Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 40bbb535-5b02-4e5c-af68-02dfae855d04 · outbound

This paper cites Always include the final step that contains the answer.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Always include the final step that contains the answer

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:19.720710Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation f4f114d5-2c3a-40ea-8af4-a05d4cd84ba3 · outbound

This paper cites step_type.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models step_type

Reference 19

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:19.432023Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 74c47502-d618-4397-8d1f-e3632be3252b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:16.505667Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 839a257e-a783-4f7a-a736-932603356af4 · outbound

This paper cites 19 Invalid reflections include:.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models 19 Invalid reflections include:

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:19.156441Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation ad604f45-77b5-4b0c-819c-8c47d608303e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:16.761555Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 838ee48d-2e6b-4dcd-8579-6b0d44f19a8a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:16.841406Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 72863295-368d-4bbc-90bd-91da3ac42c22 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:16.934380Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 26672661-3b2d-440b-a9cd-7bf058668dfc · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:18.783558Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 89b1ac81-2722-4701-964c-bc09b596c553 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:17.242820Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 92efe1ec-d154-4a5b-bb06-18470675cb3f · outbound

This paper cites conclusion.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models conclusion

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:18.406192Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation db905805-387f-4bb5-8f29-99dfd5e8faa9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 28

Resolution: parse uncertain; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:17.467252Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 12026156-5ed3-45a3-b32f-5f98b0d84f8e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:17.535059Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation cc4b721e-f123-4f09-ad8f-ed4e19d84568 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:17.616522Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a50eea92-b63e-4e4f-b570-1d26d36d623f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:18.118989Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 713c670a-8be1-4f03-a533-2e3109cfedac · outbound

This paper cites ARB: Advanced Reasoning Benchmark for Large Language Models.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models ARB: Advanced Reasoning Benchmark for Large Language Models

Reference 2023

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:14.608540Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b00ac0cc-38c1-4948-b687-b6e90501a4a1 · outbound

This paper cites Do NOT Think That Much for 2+3=? On the Overthinking of o1-Like LLMs.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Do NOT Think That Much for 2+3=? On the Overthinking of o1-Like LLMs

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:14.394659Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9edd3401-5a7a-4679-a16e-ab99d28e7a5a · outbound

This paper cites Missing Premise exacerbates Overthinking: Are Reasoning Models losing Critical Thinking Skill?.

THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models Missing Premise exacerbates Overthinking: Are Reasoning Models losing Critical Thinking Skill?

Reference 2025

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T13:20:14.455229Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation a4fcd218-24f4-4bd3-89f4-9ed46bc3b58e · inbound

Strategic Reflectivism In Intelligent Systems cites this paper.

Strategic Reflectivism In Intelligent Systems THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models

Reference 56

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T12:59:24.782504Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation fcf09946-aa25-42e3-84b2-db2d72a9a230 · inbound

Do LLMs Overthink Basic Math Reasoning? Benchmarking the Accuracy-Efficiency Tradeoff in Language Models cites this paper.

Do LLMs Overthink Basic Math Reasoning? Benchmarking the Accuracy-Efficiency Tradeoff in Language Models THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models

Reference 16

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-19T06:27:07.313600Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 9f5055de-f5b5-42b8-8bc3-4c8f0321b50f · inbound

Towards Concise and Adaptive Thinking in Large Reasoning Models: A Survey cites this paper.

Towards Concise and Adaptive Thinking in Large Reasoning Models: A Survey THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models

Reference 99

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T17:54:17.162463Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3753c99a-84be-4992-9af0-af1dace88f70 · inbound

AgroCoT: A Chain-of-Thought Benchmark for Evaluating Reasoning in Vision-Language Models for Agriculture cites this paper.

AgroCoT: A Chain-of-Thought Benchmark for Evaluating Reasoning in Vision-Language Models for Agriculture THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models

Reference 23

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-21T18:00:26.865491Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 823da83a-998a-40b9-9eb6-47c105ff82a4 · inbound

Structural Anchors and Reasoning Fragility:Understanding CoT Robustness in LLM4Code cites this paper.

Structural Anchors and Reasoning Fragility:Understanding CoT Robustness in LLM4Code THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models

Reference 28

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T10:46:06.021781Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation f24ec194-6adf-4669-a666-cc30c21e49b5 · inbound

Distilling Long-CoT Reasoning through Collaborative Step-wise Multi-Teacher Decoding cites this paper.

Distilling Long-CoT Reasoning through Collaborative Step-wise Multi-Teacher Decoding THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models

Reference 46

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T16:31:09.086035Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation c7bc5be2-94be-4ac2-a0a3-5254c7bb8527 · inbound

CRANE: Constrained Reasoning Injection for Code Agents via Nullspace Editing cites this paper.

CRANE: Constrained Reasoning Injection for Code Agents via Nullspace Editing THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models

Reference 5

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-15T04:49:44.557913Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation c28731c9-63ec-462c-a515-ebf21fbfbbb2 · inbound

CRANE: Constrained Reasoning Injection for Code Agents via Nullspace Editing cites this paper.

CRANE: Constrained Reasoning Injection for Code Agents via Nullspace Editing THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models

Reference 5

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-30T21:15:04.194995Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 1243446f-35a8-45ae-9684-bb4a006b1d33 · inbound

RecurGuard: Runtime Monitoring for Reasoning-Token Consumption Attacks cites this paper.

RecurGuard: Runtime Monitoring for Reasoning-Token Consumption Attacks THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models

Reference 42

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-02T21:27:24.499140Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 864d426a-3310-4c57-a10c-2c3373f1cc2a · inbound

ThinkProbe: Beyond Accuracy -- Structural Profiling of Open-Ended LLM Reasoning Traces via Non-Generative Thought Graphs cites this paper.

ThinkProbe: Beyond Accuracy -- Structural Profiling of Open-Ended LLM Reasoning Traces via Non-Generative Thought Graphs THINK-Bench: Evaluating Thinking Efficiency and Chain-of-Thought Quality of Large Reasoning Models

Reference 9

Resolution: metadata mismatch; arxiv_id, observed 2026-06-30T09:24:32.223129Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.