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Towards Concise and Adaptive Thinking in Large Reasoning Models: A Survey

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arxiv 2507.09662 v1 pith:I2ABVH5K submitted 2025-07-13 cs.AI cs.CL

classification cs.AIcs.CL
keywords reasoningadaptivelrmsmodelsthinkinglargesurveychains
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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Large reasoning models (LRMs) like OpenAI o1 and DeepSeek R1 have demonstrated impressive performance on complex reasoning tasks like mathematics and programming with long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning sequences (slow-thinking), compared with traditional large language models (fast-thinking). However, these reasoning models also face a huge challenge that generating unnecessarily lengthy and redundant reasoning chains even for trivial questions. This phenomenon leads to a significant waste of inference resources, increases the response time for simple queries, and hinders the practical application of LRMs in real-world products. To this end, it is crucial to shorten lengthy reasoning chains and learn adaptive reasoning between fast and slow thinking based on input difficulty. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in concise and adaptive thinking for efficient reasoning of LRMs, including methodologies, benchmarks, and challenges for future exploration. We hope this survey can help researchers quickly understand the landscape of this field and inspire novel adaptive thinking ideas to facilitate better usage of LRMs.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Not All Errors Are Equal: Consequence-Aware Reasoning Compute Allocation

    cs.AI 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    Consequence-aware scheduler using an issue-text predictor routes more compute to high-cost failures and cuts cost-weighted loss by 22-33% versus difficulty-based allocation on SWE-bench tasks.

  2. ParaThinker: Native Parallel Thinking as a New Paradigm to Scale LLM Test-time Compute

    cs.CL 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    ParaThinker trains LLMs for native parallel reasoning and reports 7 to 12 percent higher accuracy on math benchmarks over sequential thinking with modest latency overhead.

  3. BudgetThinker: Empowering Budget-aware LLM Reasoning with Control Tokens

    cs.LG 2025-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A control-token insertion and two-stage training method that lets LLMs adhere to user-specified reasoning token budgets while preserving math accuracy.

  4. Reinforcement Learning Meets Large Language Models: A Survey of Advancements and Applications Across the LLM Lifecycle

    cs.CL 2025-09 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

    A survey that maps reinforcement learning methods, datasets, benchmarks, and open-source tools across the full training lifecycle of large language models, focusing on verifiable-reward reasoning.

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