Optimal Transport Event Representation for Anomaly Detection

We introduce optimal transport (OT) as a physics-based intermediate event representation for weakly supervised anomaly detection. With only $0.5\%$ injection of resonant signals in the LHC Olympics benchmark datasets, the OT-augmented feature set achieves nearly twice the significance improvement of the standard high-level observables using an idealized setup, while end-to-end deep learning on low-level four-momenta is less effective in this low-signal regime. The observed gains persist across signal types and classifiers considered in this study, suggesting that structured, physics-informed representations can provide a useful complement to existing approaches for anomaly detection.