Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T15:12:11.864193Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 70 of 70 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2501.14414.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-10T15:12:11.864193Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
70 of 70 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 72ca7839-18c8-4cc0-b4b7-80f53538084f · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Differential privacy,
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 804c3ff7-a338-40ac-bb07-0b81a71ea9b9 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Deep learning with differential privacy,
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7847d62b-adcc-4a18-817a-ea16379db0f6 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Differential privacy has disparate impact on model accuracy,
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6e520eeb-0234-43d7-b2eb-6b4b01c9aee6 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification,
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 4ac97df4-850e-4a61-ba16-a2094bd1c946 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? The risk of racial bias in hate speech detection,
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation b3a88373-7e5b-4f04-ab8d-fa7cc33daaa1 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Sources of bias in artificial intelligence that perpetuate healthcare disparities—a global review,
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation fbfb705f-b072-4dd0-936b-23a199f613e4 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? A survey on bias and fairness in machine learning,
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1db440ad-59de-457c-97ee-5f3aaeff5b15 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Big data’s disparate impact,
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 3b7666c9-8d6c-4f8d-922f-94b7d948d000 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Removing disparate impact on model accuracy in differentially private stochastic gradient descent,
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ea98de7a-7e07-406b-9938-3f9bf715940c · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Differentially private empirical risk minimization under the fairness lens,
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation df22d9d7-c8b9-4ccf-b2bc-502ccbfbd8c5 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Disparate impact in differential privacy from gradient misalignment,
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 3abe65a0-9f0c-4f22-8ef4-9d2e7d7f9b62 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? De-amplifying Bias from Differential Privacy in Language Model Fine-tuning
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1c8b97bc-8a49-4379-907a-07f8e25eb2d1 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Mitigating disparate impact on model accuracy in differentially private learning,
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 02108bf4-dbff-4b15-a745-9efa21a0a455 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? DP-SGD vs PATE: Which Has Less Disparate Impact on Model Accuracy?
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6ab72664-fca3-4d13-9799-fa81c68a19f7 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Achieving differential privacy and fairness in logistic regression,
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation e9a7e9f0-e70e-4e10-8c7e-ceb94053c6b6 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Randomized response has no disparate impact on model accuracy,
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 165d92ed-9926-44b5-9a0a-cbd954b5d7ea · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Differential privacy has bounded impact on fairness in classification,
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 9c4f6966-1624-438b-884c-a30ed45fc983 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? On the impact of multi-dimensional local differential privacy on fairness,
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation f09f02f1-d0a8-4e5f-a48f-dd77667d6e28 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Exploring the Unfairness of DP-SGD Across Settings
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation cd1f22f3-dac8-4abd-a3b4-5ece0fa29de5 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? A systematic and formal study of the impact of local differential privacy on fairness: Preliminary results,
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation f462c38e-4420-4d9a-a2f6-e9a844802408 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? An empirical analysis of fairness notions under differential privacy,
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 9e3448cc-8a1b-4b07-8226-b2fd21e1af1b · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? On the compatibility of privacy and fairness,
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 17f10a21-bb66-4e17-b350-c227ac0971be · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Preserving fairness and diagnostic accuracy in private large-scale ai models for medical imaging,
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 98c4d2af-3c09-4729-b95f-3417f4325483 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? How unfair is private learning?
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 51283df0-38e3-4ee8-8848-6215f585a251 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Neither private nor fair: Impact of data imbalance on utility and fairness in differential privacy,
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 88df52bc-766b-41f7-bada-d54c93c3693d · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Differential privacy and fairness in decisions and learning tasks: A survey,
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 25cd5f9b-659d-4bee-94c1-24ccbb7241cd · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Shalev-Shwartz and S
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1b06a6a8-5779-4c28-8d67-9a56be190351 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Stochastic gradient learning in neural networks,
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 9b1d7760-c6c7-4607-9757-be390ad24e90 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? What can we learn privately?
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation e2638e90-cc33-4d34-9add-0efaa0c1a46e · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? How to dp- fy ml: A practical guide to machine learning with differential privacy,
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation fcb9ee35-4ad2-46da-af2f-e2ba48d565e1 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Barocas, M
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation b6317a44-be9b-4ab3-aad3-0ea7a8e78934 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Fairness through awareness,
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 6ab7c741-46d4-4023-b112-cbc94d63079b · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Fairness constraints: Mechanisms for fair classification,
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ddb80c23-05aa-4903-8b71-29a8d00038a1 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Equality of opportunity in supervised learning,
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8378de56-3379-432f-adbc-5893938ef7b3 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Algo- rithmic decision making and the cost of fairness,
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation d00cfa47-a412-4805-b2de-3df80fbe8c6f · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Fair prediction with disparate impact: A study of bias in recidivism prediction instruments,
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 20f141d9-c048-4877-98e3-4ccc91758aac · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Differentially Private Fair Binary Classifications
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 6df4c21c-d220-4ef6-a79f-bbd3aca17f01 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Differentially private fair learning,
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 4142491a-f62c-4913-a299-2bc540f5659f · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? The mnist database of handwritten digit images for machine learning research,
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f72e7cf9-1720-403a-bf91-2e30910325e4 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Adult Data Set,
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation b6e14be9-126d-453d-8dba-f3a485f4dc2a · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Handling conditional discrim- ination,
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 96e18c8e-479f-4829-adf4-dc527d7197eb · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Semi-supervised Knowledge Transfer for Deep Learning from Private Training Data
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 24a4c92d-0f9f-4a4c-a688-8e6a4e2f3a95 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Reading digits in natural images with unsupervised feature learning,
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 690f5590-4d82-434c-9bc1-e763bc29afec · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Functional mechanism: regression analysis under differential privacy,
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation ea2a76d2-64d4-4b29-a1a9-7a8630365528 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Randomized response: A survey technique for eliminating evasive answer bias,
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3010aa91-a179-4a43-aaf7-3cacd3675088 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? “you can’t fix what you can’t measure
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 2accaa09-bc4b-4afb-a1d6-7aa2c8eb4015 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Principal component analysis,
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation af63b932-2dd6-4e15-ae54-8abdcd375baf · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Wilds: A benchmark of in-the-wild distribution shifts,
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 795ce2e6-2bcc-4f31-9d51-9e5480d8729a · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Differentially private empirical risk minimization
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 4df47b78-447c-43a4-bf02-c61a43bd7c2b · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Deep learning face attributes in the wild,
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ccf993e2-5d07-41d6-b8ea-852b9738f1b6 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Retiring adult: New datasets for fair machine learning,
Reference 51
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 467c0ae2-7a07-44f2-b3a3-76c565bb4335 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Dpnas: Neural architecture search for deep learning with differential privacy,
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 6933a1b6-9912-404f-be6c-b8f6c54e84c7 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Learning multiple layers of features from tiny images,
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 353724fb-6728-40ac-9959-5765827f547b · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Hessian- based analysis of large batch training and robustness to adversaries,
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 5b3ebc32-ca47-46f5-a1d1-173c339b2357 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? FairDP: Certified Fairness with Differential Privacy
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f2e9691a-17d0-49b5-92f8-6e777a48e996 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? On the convergence and calibration of deep learning with differential privacy,
Reference 56
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 81a14c52-4277-4dc2-ad9b-a1dd2859978a · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Fairer machine learning in the real world: Mitigating discrimination without collecting sensitive data,
Reference 57
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation b8857bc3-6a6f-4817-bb76-bbeaf34c74a0 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Awareness in practice: tensions in access to sensitive attribute data for antidiscrimination,
Reference 58
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 44e70a4b-09db-42d1-91bb-22c50edb466a · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? The trouble with bias,
Reference 59
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation e6c94220-5cda-417b-8853-a08853154fd8 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Why is my classifier discriminatory?
Reference 60
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation cb926ed8-2543-4fbd-9289-3051f758afb9 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Explainable ai: A review of machine learning interpretability methods,
Reference 61
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 499de275-1777-429b-87bb-049a1794d8ff · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? The impossibility of "fairness": a generalized impossibility result for decisions
Reference 62
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 96aedbff-5370-44ab-81dd-c2be913258c3 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? The Impossibility Theorem of Machine Fairness -- A Causal Perspective
Reference 63
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 5580d2c3-a6c6-4baf-a3b4-eb83e64fde4d · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Compas recidivism risk score data,
Reference 64
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 4a6c7bd0-6573-4836-811c-6925681c3adf · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Religious landscape study,
Reference 65
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation b5674d0d-dbd8-412a-9ff9-eb26752144ea · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification,
Reference 66
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation ecb360c7-317f-4528-a1ee-63fa16b83676 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? A survey of transformers,
Reference 67
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation 0f1d29a9-136c-4b81-905d-f94b88e089ac · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding
Reference 68
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1c56c30c-04b3-4fd4-8dd9-f1238a14be37 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Distilbert, a distilled version of bert: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter,
Reference 69
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
Observation bead12b5-f91a-4522-b774-f3992f81c781 · outbound
SoK: What Makes Private Learning Unfair? Unresolved cited work
Reference 70
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.