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arxiv 2508.04958 v2 pith:7BZAKSSI submitted 2025-08-07 astro-ph.HE astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA

XRISM Reveals Complex Multi-Temperature Structures in the Abell 2029 Galaxy Cluster

classification astro-ph.HE astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
keywords northerncentralinnerregiontemperaturetemperaturesabellregions
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We present $\sim$500 ks XRISM observations covering the central and two northern regions of the Abell 2029 galaxy cluster. Resolve enables us to distinguish multiple emission lines from hydrogen-like and helium-like iron (Fe) ions. This study focuses on the multi-temperature structure of Abell 2029 using line-ratio diagnostics. Using a single-temperature collisionally ionized equilibrium model, we measure average plasma temperatures of 6.73 keV, 7.61 keV, and 8.14 keV in the central, inner northern, and outer northern regions, respectively, spanning a radial range up to 700 kpc. To further investigate thermal structure, we derive excitation and ionization temperatures by comparing observed emission-line flux ratios with atomic database predictions. Significant deviations from the single-temperature CIE model in the central and inner northern regions indicate the presence of multi-phase gas. The excitation and ionization temperatures range from 2.85 keV to 8.5 keV in the central region, 4.3 keV to 9.8 keV in the inner northern region, and 8.3 keV to 10.4 keV in the outer northern region. These temperature distributions are largely consistent with the previously observed temperature gradient of A2029. However, Resolve detects two notably cooler components--3.42 keV in the central region and $\sim$4.3 keV in the inner northern region--likely associated with displaced cool gas due to gas sloshing. Additionally, we thermally resolve a 2.85 keV gas component at the core of A2029--potentially a significant development in our understanding of gas cooling. We propose that this cooler gas is a direct product of ongoing cooling processes in A2029, having already cooled to its present temperature. If this temperature structure is stable and no heating mechanism is present, this reservoir is likely to cool to even lower temperatures and form stars.

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  1. XRISM Reveals a Kinematically Coherent Core System of the Nearby Cool-Core Cluster Abell 2199

    astro-ph.GA 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    XRISM observations show the core of Abell 2199 is kinematically coherent with low turbulence, where turbulent heating may offset ~20% of radiative cooling losses.