Pith. sign in

REVIEW 2 major objections 5 minor 129 references

Minimal Majoron Dark Matter from a Discrete $Z_N$ Gauge Symmetry

T0 review · 2 major / 5 minor · reviewed 2026-07-13 · grok-4.5

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read A discrete Z_N gauge symmetry turns a light majoron into predictive dark matter: Z_5 is excluded, while Z_7 lands in the 1–10 MeV window that COSI can test with two line signals.

desk verdict Clean minimal Z_N majoron setup that cleanly kills Z_5 and hands COSI a concrete MeV target; soft only where the authors already say it is soft. read the letter →

arxiv 2607.09131 v1 pith:7DJ4ZOA5 submitted 2026-07-10 hep-ph astro-ph.HE

Subaru Fujisawa , Qiuyue Liang , Shigeki Matsumoto , Michiru Uwabo-Niibo , Tsutomu T. Yanagida This is my paper · ORCID
classification hep-phastro-ph.HE PACS 95.35.+d14.60.St12.60.-i98.80.Cq
keywords majorondarkmatterdiscretegaugesymmetryZ_NmisalignmentmechanismseesawMeVgammaraysB-LCOSI
topics Dark Matter
open problems Dark Matter
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

This paper constructs a minimal majoron dark-matter model by adding three right-handed neutrinos and one complex scalar to the Standard Model, but defining the theory with an exact discrete gauge symmetry Z_N rather than a fundamental global B−L symmetry. Global B−L then emerges only accidentally at low energies; for nontrivial N (5, 7, 11, 13) the first allowed Planck-suppressed operators generate a controlled majoron mass, so the pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone boson can be dark matter. Abundance is computed from post-inflationary misalignment in both radiation-dominated and early-matter-dominated histories, then confronted with isocurvature, cosmological, and indirect-search bounds. Z_5 is already ruled out by limits on its dominant decay into neutrinos, while Z_7, Z_11 and Z_13 remain viable. The Z_7 case is the most immediate target: it predicts a 1–10 MeV mass whose decays produce a 511 keV line and a monochromatic gamma-ray line that future MeV telescopes, especially COSI, can probe.

What carries the argument

The discrete gauge symmetry Z_N that forbids all Φ^n operators with n ≤ 4 and allows a leading Planck-suppressed term Φ^N/m_pl^{N−4}. That operator alone fixes the majoron mass scaling m_J ∝ v_Φ^{N/2−1}/m_pl^{N/2−2} and thereby predicts the mass window for each N.

What would settle it

A null COSI search that fails to detect both an off-bulge 511 keV excess and a monochromatic line at E_γ = m_J/2 across 1–10 MeV, at fluxes corresponding to the paper’s central 99.8 % scan of |K_11−K_22−K_33|, would exclude the bulk of the viable Z_7 parameter space under the stated production assumptions.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

In the minimal majoron model with three right-handed neutrinos and a complex scalar, an exact discrete gauge symmetry Z_N ⊂ U(1)_{B−L} makes global B−L accidental. For Z_5, Z_7, Z_11 and Z_13 the leading Planck-suppressed operators set a light majoron mass. Misalignment production after inflation leaves Z_5 excluded by neutrino-decay limits while Z_7, Z_11 and Z_13 remain open; Z_7 specifically predicts a 1–10 MeV majoron that yields both a 511 keV line from e⁻e⁺ and a monochromatic line at E_γ = m_J/2, both accessible to COSI.

Load-bearing premise

The mass and abundance rest on the claim that the majoron mass comes only from the lowest Z_N-allowed Planck-suppressed operator with a coefficient of order one, and that dark matter is produced solely by pre-inflationary misalignment with an order-one initial angle.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • Z_5 majoron dark matter is excluded by existing cosmological and neutrino-line limits on J→νν.
  • Z_7 majoron dark matter is predicted to lie in the 1–10 MeV range for both radiation-dominated and early-matter-dominated misalignment.
  • COSI can cover most of the representative Z_7 coupling range via the 511 keV line (including near the e⁻e⁺ threshold thanks to the Sommerfeld effect) and the monochromatic line at half the majoron mass.
  • Conventional high-scale thermal leptogenesis remains compatible with radiation-dominated misalignment for the viable Z_N models; early-matter domination requires lower-scale or flavored leptogenesis.
  • Z_11 and Z_13 push the majoron to lighter masses and weaker couplings that stay cosmologically allowed but are harder to test soon.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Simultaneous detection of an off-bulge 511 keV excess and a monochromatic line at half the same mass would favor an electron-loop–dominated majoron over many other MeV dark-matter candidates whose rates are not correlated that way.
  • The same discrete-gauge control of Planck-suppressed operators can be applied to other accidental global symmetries (for example axion quality problems) to generate predictive light pseudo-Goldstone masses.
  • A COSI null result would mainly exclude the bulk of the scanned Z_7 coupling window; smaller K_ij cancellations or early-matter-domination corners could still survive.
  • Requiring pre-inflationary breaking to avoid Z_N defects can tighten the allowed reheating window more than the paper’s conservative thermal-restoration bounds once concrete inflation models are specified.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Signed reviews

No signed human review yet.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

2 major / 5 minor

Summary. The paper constructs a minimal majoron dark-matter model by extending the SM with three right-handed neutrinos and a complex scalar Φ, with the theory defined by an exact discrete gauge symmetry Z_N ⊂ U(1)_{B-L}. The global U(1)_{B-L} then emerges only accidentally at low energies; for N = 5, 7, 11, 13 the leading Planck-suppressed operator Φ^n generates a controlled majoron mass (Eq. 7, Table 1). Production is studied via pre-inflationary misalignment in both radiation-dominated and early-matter-dominated cosmologies (Eqs. 14–15). The resulting parameter space is confronted with isocurvature, CMB/BBN/Ly-α, and indirect-search bounds. The central claim is that Z_5 is excluded by the dominant J o u u decay, while Z_7, Z_11 and Z_13 remain viable; Z_7 predicts m_J ∼ 1–10 MeV and is testable by COSI through the 511 keV line (J o e⁻e⁺, with Sommerfeld enhancement) and the monochromatic line at E_γ = m_J/2 (J o γγ).

Significance. If the stated premises hold, the work supplies a predictive, discrete-gauge realization of majoron dark matter that cleanly separates viable from excluded Z_N choices and isolates a concrete MeV-scale target for COSI. Strengths include the controlled mass formula from Z_N selection rules, standard and carefully derived decay widths (tree-level u u, one-loop e⁻e⁺, two-loop γγ), an explicit Sommerfeld treatment in Appendix A, and a parameter scan of the K_ij coefficients (Appendix B) that yields falsifiable ranges for the MeV signals. The simultaneous 511 keV + monochromatic-line prediction for Z_7 is a distinctive, near-term observational handle.

major comments (2)
  1. Sec. 2, Eq. (7) and Table 1: the mass predictions (and therefore the Z_5 exclusion and the Z_7 1–10 MeV window) rest on the assumption that the leading explicit breaking is precisely the lowest Z_N-allowed Planck-suppressed operator with cutoff m_pl and coefficient κ scanned only over 0.01–1. The manuscript should state more explicitly that additional UV operators of comparable size, or a lower cutoff, would shift the mass bands and could reopen or close the windows; a short sensitivity discussion would make the claim robust rather than premise-dependent.
  2. Sec. 3.2.4 and right panel of Fig. 4: the J o γγ width is evaluated in an electron-loop-only approximation, with hadronic contributions argued to be suppressed by m_J^{2}/m_had^{2}. For the upper end of the Z_7 window (m_J ∼ O(10) MeV) this is only marginally safe; a quantitative estimate or a clear statement that the exclusion of m_J ≳ O(10) MeV is indicative would strengthen the figure and the associated COSI projection.
minor comments (5)
  1. Sec. 3.1 and Figs. 2–3: the magenta hatched abundance band uses 0.5 ≤ θ_0 ≤ 5; a brief remark on how the band changes for θ_0 o O(0.1) or near the anharmonic regime would help readers assess robustness.
  2. Sec. 4.1: the COSI 511 keV sensitivity is labeled indicative (RoI definition, positron escape, neglected backgrounds). Making this caveat more prominent in the figure caption of Fig. 6 (left) would avoid over-reading the orange band.
  3. Appendix B: the scan sets Im z_i = 0. A one-sentence note that moderate imaginary parts mainly affect the tails (as already suggested) would clarify that the quoted 99.8 % interval is a baseline, not a full prior.
  4. Notation: f ≡ v_Φ/N is introduced after Eq. (14); stating it once in Sec. 2 when the nonlinear representation is defined would reduce later ambiguity for n eq N cases.
  5. Table 1 caption: the phrase “equivalently m_J / [κ^{1/2}(v_Φ/10^{10} GeV)^{n/2−1}]” is slightly awkward; rephrasing as the numerical prefactor for that normalization would improve readability.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 1.0 of 10

No significant circularity: mass scales follow from discrete charge assignments plus assumed O(1) Planck operators; abundance matching and decay constraints are standard external confrontations, not self-definitional.

full rationale

The derivation chain is self-contained against external benchmarks. The majoron mass (Eq. 7, Table 1) is fixed by the lowest Z_N-allowed operator Φ^n/m_pl^{n-4} with κ scanned over 0.01–1; this is an input assumption, not a fit to the target abundance or to the exclusion claim. The abundance formulas (Eqs. 14–15) then require f and θ_0 to reproduce Ωh^{2}≃0.12—standard misalignment practice that does not redefine the mass. Decay widths (Eqs. 9–12) are computed from the model Lagrangian and compared to independent CMB, Ly-α, and indirect-search limits; the Z_5 exclusion and the viability of Z_7/Z_11/Z_13 follow from that comparison. The K_ij range used for Γ(J o e−e+) and Γ(J oγγ) is a prior-dependent parameter scan (Appendix B), not a circular derivation of the mass window. Self-citations appear only for technical tools (Sommerfeld factor, COSI sensitivity curves) and do not load-bear the central viability map. Score 1 reflects only the ordinary soft assumption that κ is O(1) and production is pure pre-inflationary misalignment—already flagged by the reader and not circularity under the stated rules.

Assumptions & free parameters 6 free parameters · 6 assumptions · 4 invented entities

The central claims rest on a standard seesaw-plus-majoron field content, an exact discrete gauge Z_N that forbids low-dimension B−L-breaking operators, O(1) Planck-suppressed leading operators that set m_J, pre-inflationary misalignment production of the full DM density, and external cosmological/indirect limits. Free parameters (κ, θ_0, f, Yukawas, Casas–Ibarra angles) are scanned rather than uniquely predicted; the majoron and Φ are invented entities with independent handles only through the predicted decays and abundance.

free parameters (6)
  • κ (Planck-operator coefficient) = 0.01–1 (scan)
    Sets m_J via Eq. (7); scanned only over 0.01–1 with no UV derivation of its magnitude.
  • initial misalignment angle θ_0 = O(1)
    Controls Ω_J; varied ~0.5–5 (RD) or fixed to 1 (EMD plots).
  • decay constant f = v_Φ/N (or n)
    Free scale fixed by requiring Ω_J h²≃0.12 for given m_J and cosmology.
  • right-handed neutrino Yukawas y_I^{(N)} = 0.01–1
    Scanned 0.01–1 to set heavy-neutrino masses and K_ij factors.
  • Casas–Ibarra angles z_i and lightest neutrino mass m_1 = scan ranges in App. B
    Scanned with flat priors (Im z_i=0, m_1≤0.1 eV) to produce the green decay-width bands.
  • reheating temperature T_RH (EMD case)
    Free cosmological parameter constrained by BBN, isocurvature, and pre-inflationary conditions.
assumptions (6)
  • domain assumption Exact discrete gauge symmetry Z_N ⊂ U(1)_{B-L} is anomaly-free with three RH neutrinos and forbids Φ^n operators with n≤4 for the chosen N.
    Defines the model in Sec. 2; relies on standard discrete-gauge and anomaly arguments (Dai–Freed etc.).
  • ad hoc to paper Leading explicit breaking is the lowest Z_N-allowed Planck-suppressed operator with cutoff m_pl and O(1) κ.
    Eq. (7) and Table 1; no derivation that other UV operators or lower cutoffs are absent.
  • domain assumption U(1)_{B-L} is spontaneously broken before inflation (pre-inflationary scenario) so misalignment applies without dangerous Z_N defects.
    Sec. 3.1; post-inflationary defects are set aside by assumption.
  • domain assumption Misalignment of the homogeneous majoron mode accounts for the full observed dark-matter density.
    Eqs. (14)–(15); other production channels not included.
  • domain assumption Standard cosmological and indirect limits on decaying DM (CMB, Ly-α, neutrino telescopes, INTEGRAL/COMPTEL/EGRET) apply as quoted.
    Sec. 3.2; external benchmarks.
  • standard math Near-threshold J→e−e+ rate is given by the Coulomb Sommerfeld factor times the one-loop width.
    Appendix A potential-NR matching.
invented entities (4)
  • Majoron J (pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone boson of accidental U(1)_{B-L})
    purpose: Dark-matter candidate with mass from Planck-suppressed Z_N-allowed operators.
    Central particle; independent evidence only via predicted decays and abundance, not yet observed.
  • Complex scalar Φ with B−L charge 2
    purpose: Breaks U(1)_{B-L}/Z_N, generates RH neutrino masses and the majoron.
    Standard majoron-model ingredient; no direct experimental handle in the paper.
  • Three right-handed neutrinos N_I independent evidence
    purpose: Seesaw masses, anomaly cancellation for discrete B−L, and loop-induced majoron couplings.
    Motivated by neutrino data and leptogenesis but not uniquely fixed here.
  • Exact discrete gauge symmetry Z_N (N=5,7,11,13 emphasized)
    purpose: Control explicit B−L breaking so the majoron is light and predictive.
    Model-defining postulate; not independently measured.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Minimal Majoron Dark Matter from a Discrete $Z_N$ Gauge Symmetry." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/7DJ4ZOA5

@misc{pith2026260709131,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Minimal Majoron Dark Matter from a Discrete $Z_N$ Gauge Symmetry},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/7DJ4ZOA5}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2607.09131}
}
abstract

We investigate majoron dark matter in a minimal setup, where the Standard Model is extended by three right-handed neutrinos and a complex scalar field. The theory is defined by an exact discrete gauge symmetry, $Z_N\subset U(1)_{B-L}$, while the global $U(1)_{B-L}$ symmetry emerges only as an accidental symmetry at low energies. For nontrivial choices of the discrete symmetry $Z_N$, such as $Z_5$, $Z_7$, $Z_{11}$, and $Z_{13}$, Planck-suppressed operators explicitly break this accidental symmetry and generate a small majoron mass, making the resulting pseudo-Nambu--Goldstone boson a well-motivated dark matter candidate. We study its production via the misalignment mechanism after inflation, considering both radiation-dominated and early matter-dominated cosmological histories, and confront the viable parameter space with isocurvature bounds, cosmological constraints, and indirect dark matter searches. We find that the $Z_5$ model is excluded by limits on the dominant dark matter decay into neutrinos, whereas the other models remain viable. In particular, the $Z_7$ scenario predicts a majoron mass in the $1$--$10\,{\rm MeV}$ range and can be sensitively probed by future MeV gamma-ray observations, especially with COSI, through the 511$\,$keV line from the majoron decay into an electron--positron pair and the monochromatic gamma-ray line from its decay into two photons.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2607.09131 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Feynman diagrams for the one-loop effective Lagrangian of the minimal majoron model. irrelevant at low energies for the following discussion of majoron decay phenomenology. As indicated by the above interaction, the majoron can decay into SM particles through its derivative coupling to the B − L current, reflecting its Nambu–Goldstone nature. The interaction above shows that the dominant decay channel of majoron dar… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. The magenta hatched region shows where the observed dark matter abundance is re￾produced through the misalignment mechanism in Eq. (14), with the initial angle varied over 0.5 ≤ θ0 ≤ 5 and the Standard Model values of g∗ (T) adopted. Also shown are the mass predictions for the different ZN gauge symmetry models discussed in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p010_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Constraints on the (mJ , f ) parameter space for majoron dark matter produced via the misalignment mechanism during an early matter-dominated era, assuming the observed dark matter abundance ΩJh 2 = 0.12 and taking θ0 = 1 in Eq. (15). Shown are the region with Tosc < TRH, where the early matter-dominated misalignment formula is not applicable; the region excluded by successful BBN, TRH < 5 MeV; the region violating … view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (4 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Left panel: Range of Γ [J → e −e +] in the Z7 symmetry model, including the Sommerfeld enhancement. The green hatched region shows the central 99.8 % interval obtained in our parameter scan as a function of mJ − 2me . The blue and red lines show the upper limits from t…
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Left panel: Schematic illustration of the Compton-event variables used in this work for the 511 keV line analysis. The angle ψ denotes the Compton scattering angle, while (θa ,φa ) specifies the apparent event direction as reconstructed by the detector. Right panel: Re…
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Left panel: Decay width for J → e −e + in the gauged Z7 model. The green hatched region shows the central 99.8 % interval obtained from our parameter scan, while the orange band indicates the estimated 24-month COSI sensitivity to the 511 keV line. Its upper and lower …
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: Scan distribution of the combination |K11 − K22 − K33|, which controls the decay widths into e −e + and γγ. The distribution is obtained from 107 points in the minimal majoron model, using the parameter ranges and assumptions described in the text. The central 99.8% in…

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

129 extracted references · 24 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Axion Detection Experiments Can Probe Majoron Models

    Liang, Qiuyue and Ponce D \' az, Xavier and Yanagida, Tsutomu T. Axion Detection Experiments Can Probe Majoron Models. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2025. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.151803. arXiv:2406.19083

    arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevlett.134.151803 2025

  2. [2]

    and others

    Akrami, Y. and others. Planck 2018 results. X. Constraints on inflation. Astron. Astrophys. 2020. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833887. arXiv:1807.06211

    arXiv doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833887 2018

  3. [3]

    and Xiao, Huangyu

    Nelson, Ann E. and Xiao, Huangyu. Axion Cosmology with Early Matter Domination. Phys. Rev. D. 2018. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.98.063516. arXiv:1807.07176

    arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevd.98.063516 2018

  4. [4]

    Cosmologically allowed regions for the axion decay constant F_a

    Kawasaki, Masahiro and Sonomoto, Eisuke and Yanagida, Tsutomu T. Cosmologically allowed regions for the axion decay constant F_a. Phys. Lett. B. 2018. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2018.05.014. arXiv:1801.07409

    arXiv doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2018.05.014 2018

  5. [5]

    Axions in inflationary cosmology

    Linde, Andrei D. Axions in inflationary cosmology. Phys. Lett. B. 1991. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(91)90130-I

    doi:10.1016/0370-2693(91)90130-i 1991

  6. [6]

    O'Hare, Ciaran A. J. Cosmology of axion dark matter. PoS. 2024. doi:10.22323/1.454.0040. arXiv:2403.17697

    arXiv doi:10.22323/1.454.0040 2024

  7. [7]

    Axion Cosmology and the Energy Scale of Inflation

    Hertzberg, Mark P and Tegmark, Max and Wilczek, Frank. Axion Cosmology and the Energy Scale of Inflation. Phys. Rev. D. 2008. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.78.083507. arXiv:0807.1726

    arXiv doi:10.1103/physrevd.78.083507 2008

  8. [8]

    Isocurvature Constraints and Anharmonic Effects on QCD Axion Dark Matter

    Kobayashi, Takeshi and Kurematsu, Ryosuke and Takahashi, Fuminobu. Isocurvature Constraints and Anharmonic Effects on QCD Axion Dark Matter. JCAP. 2013. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2013/09/032. arXiv:1304.0922

    arXiv doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2013/09/032 2013

Show all 129 references
  1. [9]

    New Perspectives on Axion Misalignment Mechanism

    Chang, Chia-Feng and Cui, Yanou. New Perspectives on Axion Misalignment Mechanism. Phys. Rev. D. 2020. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.102.015003. arXiv:1911.11885

    2020 doi arXiv

  2. [10]

    Dark matter targets for axionlike particle searches

    Blinov, Nikita and Dolan, Matthew J and Draper, Patrick and Kozaczuk, Jonathan. Dark matter targets for axionlike particle searches. Phys. Rev. D. 2019. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.100.015049. arXiv:1905.06952

    2019 doi arXiv

  3. [11]

    Thermal misalignment of scalar dark matter

    Batell, Brian and Ghalsasi, Akshay. Thermal misalignment of scalar dark matter. Phys. Rev. D. 2023. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.107.L091701. arXiv:2109.04476

    2023 doi arXiv

  4. [12]

    and Hall, Lawrence J

    Co, Raymond T. and Hall, Lawrence J. and Harigaya, Keisuke. Axion Kinetic Misalignment Mechanism. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2020. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.251802. arXiv:1910.14152

    2020 doi arXiv

  5. [13]

    Horizontal gauge symmetry and masses of neutrinos

    Yanagida, Tsutomu. Horizontal gauge symmetry and masses of neutrinos. Conf. Proc. C. 1979

    1979

  6. [14]

    Horizontal Symmetry and Mass of the Top Quark

    Yanagida, Tsutomu. Horizontal Symmetry and Mass of the Top Quark. Phys. Rev. D. 1979. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.20.2986

    1979 doi

  7. [15]

    Complex Spinors and Unified Theories

    Gell-Mann, Murray and Ramond, Pierre and Slansky, Richard. Complex Spinors and Unified Theories. Conf. Proc. C. 1979. arXiv:1306.4669

    1979 arXiv

  8. [16]

    e at a Rate of One Out of 10^ 9 Muon Decays?

    Minkowski, Peter. e at a Rate of One Out of 10^ 9 Muon Decays?. Phys. Lett. B. 1977. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(77)90435-X

    1977 doi

  9. [17]

    and Senjanovic, Goran

    Mohapatra, Rabindra N. and Senjanovic, Goran. Neutrino Mass and Spontaneous Parity Nonconservation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1980. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.44.912

    1980 doi

  10. [18]

    Inverse Beta Processes and Nonconservation of Lepton Charge

    Pontecorvo, B. Inverse Beta Processes and Nonconservation of Lepton Charge. Sov. Phys. JETP. 1958

    1958

  11. [19]

    Remarks on the unified model of elementary particles

    Maki, Ziro and Nakagawa, Masami and Sakata, Shoichi. Remarks on the unified model of elementary particles. Prog. Theor. Phys. 1962. doi:10.1143/PTP.28.870

    1962 doi

  12. [20]

    and Mohapatra, Rabindra N

    Chikashige, Y. and Mohapatra, Rabindra N. and Peccei, R. D. Are There Real Goldstone Bosons Associated with Broken Lepton Number?. Phys. Lett. B. 1981. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(81)90011-3

    1981 doi

  13. [21]

    Astrophysical and terrestrial constraints on singlet Majoron models

    Pilaftsis, Apostolos. Astrophysical and terrestrial constraints on singlet Majoron models. Phys. Rev. D. 1994. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.49.2398. arXiv:hep-ph/9308258

    1994 doi arXiv

  14. [22]

    Neutrino Lines from Majoron Dark Matter

    Garcia-Cely, Camilo and Heeck, Julian. Neutrino Lines from Majoron Dark Matter. JHEP. 2017. doi:10.1007/JHEP05(2017)102. arXiv:1701.07209

    2017 doi arXiv

  15. [23]

    Majoron at two loops

    Heeck, Julian and Patel, Hiren H. Majoron at two loops. Phys. Rev. D. 2019. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.100.095015. arXiv:1909.02029

    2019 doi arXiv

  16. [24]

    CMB limits on decaying dark matter beyond the ionization threshold

    Xu, Clara and Qin, Wenzer and Slatyer, Tracy R. CMB limits on decaying dark matter beyond the ionization threshold. Phys. Rev. D. 2024. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.110.123529. arXiv:2408.13305

    2024 doi arXiv

  17. [25]

    and Slatyer, Tracy R

    Liu, Hongwan and Qin, Wenzer and Ridgway, Gregory W. and Slatyer, Tracy R. Lyman- constraints on cosmic heating from dark matter annihilation and decay. Phys. Rev. D. 2021. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.104.043514. arXiv:2008.01084

    2021 doi arXiv

  18. [26]

    Constraints on light decaying dark matter candidates from 16 yr of INTEGRAL/SPI observations

    Calore, Francesca and Dekker, Ariane and Serpico, Pasquale Dario and Siegert, Thomas. Constraints on light decaying dark matter candidates from 16 yr of INTEGRAL/SPI observations. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 2023. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad457. arXiv:2209.06299

    2023 doi

  19. [27]

    and Volansky, Tomer and Zurek, Kathryn M

    Essig, Rouven and Kuflik, Eric and McDermott, Samuel D. and Volansky, Tomer and Zurek, Kathryn M. Constraining Light Dark Matter with Diffuse X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Observations. JHEP. 2013. doi:10.1007/JHEP11(2013)193. arXiv:1309.4091

    2013 doi arXiv

  20. [28]

    Esteban, Ivan and Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C. and Maltoni, Michele and Martinez-Soler, Ivan and Pinheiro, Jo \ a o Paulo and Schwetz, Thomas. NuFit-6.0: updated global analysis of three-flavor neutrino oscillations. JHEP. 2024. doi:10.1007/JHEP12(2024)216. arXiv:2410.05380

    2024 doi arXiv

  21. [29]

    and Yanagida, T

    Fukugita, M. and Yanagida, T. Baryogenesis Without Grand Unification. Phys. Lett. B. 1986. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(86)91126-3

    1986 doi

  22. [30]

    High quality QCD axion in the Standard Model

    Sheng, Jie and Yanagida, Tsutomu T. High quality QCD axion in the Standard Model. Phys. Rev. D. 2026. doi:10.1103/h9ws-xgst. arXiv:2510.17370

    2026 doi

  23. [31]

    and Wilczek, Frank

    Preskill, John and Wise, Mark B. and Wilczek, Frank. Cosmology of the Invisible Axion. Phys. Lett. B. 1983. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(83)90637-8

    1983 doi

  24. [32]

    Abbott, L. F. and Sikivie, P. A Cosmological Bound on the Invisible Axion. Phys. Lett. B. 1983. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(83)90638-X

    1983 doi

  25. [33]

    The Not So Harmless Axion

    Dine, Michael and Fischler, Willy. The Not So Harmless Axion. Phys. Lett. B. 1983. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(83)90639-1

    1983 doi

  26. [34]

    Coherent Scalar Field Oscillations in an Expanding Universe

    Turner, Michael S. Coherent Scalar Field Oscillations in an Expanding Universe. Phys. Rev. D. 1983. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.28.1243

    1983 doi

  27. [35]

    and others

    Aghanim, N. and others. Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters. Astron. Astrophys. 2020. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833910. arXiv:1807.06209

    2018 doi arXiv

  28. [36]

    Supersymmetric seesaw model for the (1+3) scheme of neutrino masses

    Borzumati, Francesca and Hamaguchi, Koichi and Yanagida, T. Supersymmetric seesaw model for the (1+3) scheme of neutrino masses. Phys. Lett. B. 2001. doi:10.1016/S0370-2693(00)01351-4. arXiv:hep-ph/0011141

    2001 doi arXiv

  29. [37]

    de Salas, P. F. and Lattanzi, M. and Mangano, G. and Miele, G. and Pastor, S. and Pisanti, O. Bounds on very low reheating scenarios after Planck. Phys. Rev. D. 2015. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.92.123534. arXiv:1511.00672

    2015 doi arXiv

  30. [38]

    Current Constraints on Cosmological Scenarios with Very Low Reheating Temperatures

    Barbieri, Nicola and Brinckmann, Thejs and Gariazzo, Stefano and Lattanzi, Massimiliano and Pastor, Sergio and Pisanti, Ofelia. Current Constraints on Cosmological Scenarios with Very Low Reheating Temperatures. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2025. doi:10.1103/j5rj-dz1k. arXiv:2501.01369

    2025 doi

  31. [39]

    A Lower bound on the right-handed neutrino mass from leptogenesis

    Davidson, Sacha and Ibarra, Alejandro. A Lower bound on the right-handed neutrino mass from leptogenesis. Phys. Lett. B. 2002. doi:10.1016/S0370-2693(02)01735-5. arXiv:hep-ph/0202239

    2002 doi arXiv

  32. [40]

    and Di Bari, P

    Buchmuller, W. and Di Bari, P. and Plumacher, M. Leptogenesis for pedestrians. Annals Phys. 2005. doi:10.1016/j.aop.2004.02.003. arXiv:hep-ph/0401240

    2005 doi arXiv

  33. [41]

    The importance of flavor in leptogenesis

    Nardi, Enrico and Nir, Yosef and Roulet, Esteban and Racker, Juan. The importance of flavor in leptogenesis. JHEP. 2006. doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2006/01/164. arXiv:hep-ph/0601084

    2006 doi arXiv

  34. [42]

    Flavor effects on leptogenesis predictions

    Blanchet, Steve and Di Bari, Pasquale. Flavor effects on leptogenesis predictions. JCAP. 2007. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2007/03/018. arXiv:hep-ph/0607330

    2007 doi arXiv

  35. [43]

    Constraints on neutrino masses from leptogenesis models

    Hambye, Thomas and Lin, Yin and Notari, Alessio and Papucci, Michele and Strumia, Alessandro. Constraints on neutrino masses from leptogenesis models. Nucl. Phys. B. 2004. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2004.06.027. arXiv:hep-ph/0312203

    2004 doi arXiv

  36. [44]

    Pilaftsis, Apostolos and Underwood, Thomas E. J. Resonant leptogenesis. Nucl. Phys. B. 2004. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2004.05.029. arXiv:hep-ph/0309342

    2004 doi arXiv

  37. [45]

    Sphaleron Rate in the Minimal Standard Model

    D'Onofrio, Michela and Rummukainen, Kari and Tranberg, Anders. Sphaleron Rate in the Minimal Standard Model. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2014. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.141602. arXiv:1404.3565

    2014 doi arXiv

  38. [46]

    and Brinckmann, T

    Alvi, S. and Brinckmann, T. and Gerbino, M. and Lattanzi, M. and Pagano, L. Do you smell something decaying? Updated linear constraints on decaying dark matter scenarios. JCAP. 2022. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2022/11/015. arXiv:2205.05636

    2022 doi arXiv

  39. [47]

    Dark matter decay to neutrinos

    Arg. Dark matter decay to neutrinos. Phys. Rev. D. 2023. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.108.123021. arXiv:2210.01303

    2023 doi arXiv

  40. [48]

    Updated constraints and future prospects on majoron dark matter

    Akita, Kensuke and Niibo, Michiru. Updated constraints and future prospects on majoron dark matter. JHEP. 2023. doi:10.1007/JHEP07(2023)132. arXiv:2304.04430

    2023 doi arXiv

  41. [49]

    and others

    Tomsick, John A. and others. The Compton Spectrometer and Imager. PoS. 2023. doi:10.22323/1.444.0745. arXiv:2308.12362

    2023 doi arXiv

  42. [50]

    and Soto, J

    Pineda, A. and Soto, J. Potential NRQED: The Positronium case. Phys. Rev. D. 1999. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.59.016005. arXiv:hep-ph/9805424

    1999 doi arXiv

  43. [51]

    Potential NRQCD: An Effective theory for heavy quarkonium

    Brambilla, Nora and Pineda, Antonio and Soto, Joan and Vairo, Antonio. Potential NRQCD: An Effective theory for heavy quarkonium. Nucl. Phys. B. 2000. doi:10.1016/S0550-3213(99)00693-8. arXiv:hep-ph/9907240

    doi arXiv

  44. [52]

    Gauge U(1)B-L dark matter above the e-e+ threshold

    Hayashi, Tatsuya and Matsumoto, Shigeki and Watanabe, Yuki and Yanagida, Tsutomu T. Gauge U(1)B-L dark matter above the e-e+ threshold. Phys. Rev. D. 2025. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.111.055012. arXiv:2408.12155

    2025 doi arXiv

  45. [53]

    Novel cosmic-ray electron and positron constraints on MeV dark matter particles

    Boudaud, Mathieu and Lavalle, Julien and Salati, Pierre. Novel cosmic-ray electron and positron constraints on MeV dark matter particles. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2017. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.021103. arXiv:1612.07698

    2017 doi arXiv

  46. [54]

    Importance of Cosmic-Ray Propagation on Sub-GeV Dark Matter Constraints

    De la Torre Luque, Pedro and Balaji, Shyam and Koechler, Jordan. Importance of Cosmic-Ray Propagation on Sub-GeV Dark Matter Constraints. Astrophys. J. 2024. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad41e0. arXiv:2311.04979

    2024 doi arXiv

  47. [55]

    Siegert, Thomas and Diehl, Roland and Khachatryan, Gerasim and Krause, Martin G. H. and Guglielmetti, Fabrizia and Greiner, Jochen and Strong, Andrew W. and Zhang, Xiaoling. Gamma-ray spectroscopy of Positron Annihilation in the Milky Way. Astron. Astrophys. 2016. doi:10.1051/...

    2016 doi arXiv

  48. [56]

    Positron-Annihilation Spectroscopy throughout the Milky Way

    Siegert, Thomas. Positron-Annihilation Spectroscopy throughout the Milky Way. 2017

    2017

  49. [57]

    The Positron Puzzle

    Siegert, Thomas. The Positron Puzzle. 2023. doi:10.1007/s10509-023-04184-4. arXiv:2303.15582

    2023 doi arXiv

  50. [58]

    New 511 keV Line Data Provide Strongest sub-GeV Dark Matter Constraints

    De la Torre Luque, Pedro and Balaji, Shyam and Silk, Joseph. New 511 keV Line Data Provide Strongest sub-GeV Dark Matter Constraints. Astrophys. J. Lett. 2024. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad72f4. arXiv:2312.04907

    2024 doi

  51. [59]

    Nguyen, Thong T. Q. and De la Torre Luque, Pedro and John, Isabelle and Balaji, Shyam and Carenza, Pierluca and Linden, Tim. INTEGRAL, eROSITA and Voyager constraints on light bosonic dark matter: ALPs, dark photons, scalars, B-L and Li-Lj vectors. Phys. Rev. D. 2026. doi:10.1...

    2026 doi arXiv

  52. [60]

    The Compton Spectrometer and Imager Project for MeV Astronomy

    Tomsick, John A. The Compton Spectrometer and Imager Project for MeV Astronomy. PoS. 2021. doi:10.22323/1.395.0652. arXiv:2109.10403

    2021 doi arXiv

  53. [61]

    Patrick and Karwin, Chris and Kumar, Jason and Leane, Rebecca K

    Aramaki, Tsuguo and Boezio, Mirko and Buckley, James and Bulbul, Esra and von Doetinchem, Philip and Donato, Fiorenza and Harding, J. Patrick and Karwin, Chris and Kumar, Jason and Leane, Rebecca K. and Matsumoto, Shigeki and McEnry, Julie and Melia, Tom and Perez, Kerstin and...

    2022 arXiv

  54. [62]

    and Gillard, W

    Jean, P. and Gillard, W. and Marcowith, A. and Ferriere, K. Positron transport in the interstellar medium. Astron. Astrophys. 2009. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200809830. arXiv:0909.4022

    2009 doi arXiv

  55. [63]

    and Boehm, C

    Prantzos, N. and Boehm, C. and Bykov, A. M. and Diehl, R. and Ferriere, K. and Guessoum, N. and Jean, P. and Knoedlseder, J. and Marcowith, A. and Moskalenko, I. V. and Strong, A. and Weidenspointner, G. The 511 keV emission from positron annihilation in the Galaxy. Rev. Mod. ...

    2011 doi arXiv

  56. [64]

    and Weinberger, Christoph

    Siegert, Thomas and Berteaud, Julien and Calore, Francesca and Serpico, Pasquale D. and Weinberger, Christoph. Measuring the smearing of the Galactic 511-keV signal. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 2022. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slab113. arXiv:2109.03791

    2022 doi arXiv

  57. [65]

    The Galactic distribution of the 511 keV electron positron annihilation radiation

    Skinner, Gerald. The Galactic distribution of the 511 keV electron positron annihilation radiation. PoS. 2015. doi:10.22323/1.228.0054

    2015 doi

  58. [66]

    and Petcov, S

    Pascoli, S. and Petcov, S. T. and Riotto, Antonio. Leptogenesis and Low Energy CP Violation in Neutrino Physics. Nucl. Phys. B. 2007. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2007.02.019. arXiv:hep-ph/0611338

    2007 doi arXiv

  59. [67]

    and Pascoli, S

    Moffat, K. and Pascoli, S. and Petcov, S. T. and Turner, J. Leptogenesis from Low Energy CP Violation. JHEP. 2019. doi:10.1007/JHEP03(2019)034. arXiv:1809.08251

    2019 doi arXiv

  60. [68]

    and Slatyer, Tracy R

    Laha, Ranjan and Mu \ n oz, Julian B. and Slatyer, Tracy R. INTEGRAL constraints on primordial black holes and particle dark matter. Phys. Rev. D. 2020. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.101.123514. arXiv:2004.00627

    2020 doi arXiv

  61. [69]

    and Malyshev, D

    Fischer, S. and Malyshev, D. and Ducci, L. and Santangelo, A. New constraints on decaying dark matter from INTEGRAL/SPI. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 2023. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad304. arXiv:2211.06200

    2023 doi arXiv

  62. [70]

    Dark matter prospects with COSI: ALPs, PBHs and sub-GeV dark matter

    Caputo, Andrea and Negro, Michela and Regis, Marco and Taoso, Marco. Dark matter prospects with COSI: ALPs, PBHs and sub-GeV dark matter. JCAP. 2023. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2023/02/006. arXiv:2210.09310

    2023 doi arXiv

  63. [71]

    Decay of the Mediator Particle at Threshold

    Matsumoto, Shigeki and Watanabe, Yu and Watanabe, Yuki and White, Graham. Decay of the Mediator Particle at Threshold. JHEP. 2023. doi:10.1007/JHEP09(2023)015. arXiv:2212.10739

    2023 doi arXiv

  64. [72]

    Proceedings of Lepton--Photon. 1981

    1981

  65. [73]

    and Boudaud, M

    Weinrich, N. and Boudaud, M. and Derome, L. and Genolini, Y. and Lavalle, J. and Maurin, D. and Salati, P. and Serpico, P. and Weymann-Despres, G. Galactic halo size in the light of recent AMS-02 data. Astron. Astrophys. 2020. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038064. arXiv:2004.00441

    2020 doi arXiv

  66. [74]

    and Ferronato Bueno, E

    Maurin, D. and Ferronato Bueno, E. and Derome, L. A simple determination of the halo size from 10Be/9Be data. Astron. Astrophys. 2022. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243546. arXiv:2203.07265

    2022 doi arXiv

  67. [75]

    Direct constraints on diffusion models from cosmic-ray positron data: Excluding the minimal model for dark matter searches

    Lavalle, Julien and Maurin, David and Putze, Antje. Direct constraints on diffusion models from cosmic-ray positron data: Excluding the minimal model for dark matter searches. Phys. Rev. D. 2014. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.90.081301. arXiv:1407.2540

    2014 doi arXiv

  68. [76]

    eta invariants and determinant lines

    Dai, Xian-zhe and Freed, Daniel S. eta invariants and determinant lines. J. Math. Phys. 1994. doi:10.1063/1.530747. arXiv:hep-th/9405012

    1994 doi arXiv

  69. [77]

    Dai-Freed theorem and topological phases of matter

    Yonekura, Kazuya. Dai-Freed theorem and topological phases of matter. JHEP. 2016. doi:10.1007/JHEP09(2016)022. arXiv:1607.01873

    2016 doi arXiv

  70. [78]

    Casas, J. A. and Ibarra, A. Oscillating neutrinos and e,. Nucl. Phys. B. 2001. doi:10.1016/S0550-3213(01)00475-8. arXiv:hep-ph/0103065

    2001 doi arXiv

  71. [79]

    The mass distribution and gravitational potential of the Milky Way

    McMillan, Paul J. The mass distribution and gravitational potential of the Milky Way. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 2016. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2759. arXiv:1608.00971

    2016 doi arXiv

  72. [80]

    Dynamical modelling of the galactic bulge and bar: the Milky Way's pattern speed, stellar and dark matter mass distribution

    Portail, Matthieu and Gerhard, Ortwin and Wegg, Christopher and Ness, Melissa. Dynamical modelling of the galactic bulge and bar: the Milky Way's pattern speed, stellar and dark matter mass distribution. Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 2017. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2819. arXiv:1608.07954

    2017 doi arXiv

  73. [81]

    and Frenk, Carlos S

    Cautun, Marius and Benitez-Llambay, Alejandro and Deason, Alis J. and Frenk, Carlos S. and Fattahi, Azadeh and G \'o mez, Facundo A. and Grand, Robert J. J. and Oman, Kyle A. and Navarro, Julio F. and Simpson, Christine M. The Milky Way total mass profile as inferred from Gaia...

    2020 doi arXiv

  74. [82]

    Particle dark matter: Evidence, candidates and constraints

    Bertone, Gianfranco and Hooper, Dan and Silk, Joseph. Particle dark matter: Evidence, candidates and constraints. Phys. Rept. 2005. doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2004.08.031. arXiv:hep-ph/0404175

    2005 doi arXiv

  75. [83]

    Supersymmetric dark matter

    Jungman, Gerard and Kamionkowski, Marc and Griest, Kim. Supersymmetric dark matter. Phys. Rept. 1996. doi:10.1016/0370-1573(95)00058-5. arXiv:hep-ph/9506380

    1996 doi arXiv

  76. [84]

    Peccei, R. D. and Quinn, Helen R. CP Conservation in the Presence of Instantons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1977. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.38.1440

    1977 doi

  77. [85]

    Peccei, R. D. and Quinn, Helen R. Constraints Imposed by CP Conservation in the Presence of Instantons. Phys. Rev. D. 1977. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.16.1791

    1977 doi

  78. [86]

    A New Light Boson?

    Weinberg, Steven. A New Light Boson?. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1978. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.40.223

    1978 doi

  79. [87]

    Problem of Strong P and T Invariance in the Presence of Instantons

    Wilczek, Frank. Problem of Strong P and T Invariance in the Presence of Instantons. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1978. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.40.279

    1978 doi

  80. [88]

    Weak Interaction Singlet and Strong CP Invariance

    Kim, Jihn E. Weak Interaction Singlet and Strong CP Invariance. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1979. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.43.103

    1979 doi

  81. [89]

    and Vainshtein, A

    Shifman, Mikhail A. and Vainshtein, A. I. and Zakharov, Valentin I. Can Confinement Ensure Natural CP Invariance of Strong Interactions?. Nucl. Phys. B. 1980. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(80)90209-6

    1980 doi

  82. [90]

    Zhitnitsky, A. R. On Possible Suppression of the Axion Hadron Interactions. (In Russian). Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 1980

    1980

  83. [91]

    A Simple Solution to the Strong CP Problem with a Harmless Axion

    Dine, Michael and Fischler, Willy and Srednicki, Mark. A Simple Solution to the Strong CP Problem with a Harmless Axion. Phys. Lett. B. 1981. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(81)90590-6

    1981 doi

  84. [92]

    Frampton, P. H. and Glashow, S. L. and Yanagida, T. Cosmological sign of neutrino CP violation. Phys. Lett. B. 2002. doi:10.1016/S0370-2693(02)02853-8. arXiv:hep-ph/0208157

    2002 doi arXiv

  85. [93]

    and Ross, Graham G

    Ibarra, A. and Ross, Graham G. Neutrino phenomenology: The Case of two right-handed neutrinos. Phys. Lett. B. 2004. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2004.04.037. arXiv:hep-ph/0312138

    2004 doi arXiv

  86. [94]

    and Di Bari, P

    Antusch, S. and Di Bari, P. and Jones, D. A. and King, S. F. Leptogenesis in the Two Right-Handed Neutrino Model Revisited. Phys. Rev. D. 2012. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.86.023516. arXiv:1107.6002

    2012 doi arXiv

  87. [95]

    Sterile-neutrinos as dark matter

    Dodelson, Scott and Widrow, Lawrence M. Sterile-neutrinos as dark matter. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1994. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.17. arXiv:hep-ph/9303287

    1994 doi arXiv

  88. [96]

    A New dark matter candidate: Nonthermal sterile neutrinos

    Shi, Xiang-Dong and Fuller, George M. A New dark matter candidate: Nonthermal sterile neutrinos. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1999. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2832. arXiv:astro-ph/9810076

    1999 doi arXiv

  89. [97]

    The nuMSM, dark matter and neutrino masses

    Asaka, Takehiko and Blanchet, Steve and Shaposhnikov, Mikhail. The nuMSM, dark matter and neutrino masses. Phys. Lett. B. 2005. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2005.09.070. arXiv:hep-ph/0503065

    2005 doi arXiv

  90. [98]

    The MSM, dark matter and baryon asymmetry of the universe

    Asaka, Takehiko and Shaposhnikov, Mikhail. The MSM, dark matter and baryon asymmetry of the universe. Phys. Lett. B. 2005. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2005.06.020. arXiv:hep-ph/0505013

    2005 doi arXiv

  91. [99]

    and Shaposhnikov, M

    Laine, M. and Shaposhnikov, M. Sterile neutrino dark matter as a consequence of nuMSM-induced lepton asymmetry. JCAP. 2008. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2008/06/031. arXiv:0804.4543

    2008 doi arXiv

  92. [100]

    Dark Matter from Split Seesaw

    Kusenko, Alexander and Takahashi, Fuminobu and Yanagida, Tsutomu T. Dark Matter from Split Seesaw. Phys. Lett. B. 2010. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2010.08.031. arXiv:1006.1731

    2010 doi arXiv

  93. [101]

    Lyman-alpha constraints on warm and on warm-plus-cold dark matter models

    Boyarsky, Alexey and Lesgourgues, Julien and Ruchayskiy, Oleg and Viel, Matteo. Lyman-alpha constraints on warm and on warm-plus-cold dark matter models. JCAP. 2009. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2009/05/012. arXiv:0812.0010

    2009 doi arXiv

  94. [102]

    The Role of sterile neutrinos in cosmology and astrophysics

    Boyarsky, Alexey and Ruchayskiy, Oleg and Shaposhnikov, Mikhail. The Role of sterile neutrinos in cosmology and astrophysics. Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 2009. doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.010909.083654. arXiv:0901.0011

    2009 doi

  95. [103]

    and Drewes, M

    Boyarsky, A. and Drewes, M. and Lasserre, T. and Mertens, S. and Ruchayskiy, O. Sterile neutrino Dark Matter. Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 2019. doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2018.07.004. arXiv:1807.07938

    2019 doi arXiv

  96. [104]

    Resonant production of sterile neutrino dark matter with a refined numerical scheme

    Kasai, Kentaro and Kawasaki, Masahiro and Murai, Kai. Resonant production of sterile neutrino dark matter with a refined numerical scheme. JCAP. 2026. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2026/02/048. arXiv:2510.01907

    2026 doi

  97. [105]

    Right-handed neutrino dark matter under the B - L gauge interaction

    Kaneta, Kunio and Kang, Zhaofeng and Lee, Hye-Sung. Right-handed neutrino dark matter under the B - L gauge interaction. JHEP. 2017. doi:10.1007/JHEP02(2017)031. arXiv:1606.09317

    2017 doi arXiv

  98. [106]

    Z^ _ BL portal dark matter and LHC Run-2 results

    Okada, Nobuchika and Okada, Satomi. Z^ _ BL portal dark matter and LHC Run-2 results. Phys. Rev. D. 2016. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.93.075003. arXiv:1601.07526

    2016 doi arXiv

  99. [107]

    Thermal relic right-handed neutrino dark matter

    Sheng, Jie and Cheng, Yu and Yanagida, Tsutomu T. Thermal relic right-handed neutrino dark matter. Phys. Lett. B. 2024. doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2024.138735. arXiv:2312.15637

    2024 doi

  100. [108]

    Detecting sterile neutrino dark matter at MeV gamma-ray observatories

    Fujisawa, Subaru and Hayashi, Tatsuya and Matsumoto, Shigeki and Watanabe, Yuki. Detecting sterile neutrino dark matter at MeV gamma-ray observatories. JHEP. 2026. doi:10.1007/JHEP01(2026)097. arXiv:2508.08695

    2026 doi arXiv

  101. [109]

    Neutrino astronomy as a probe of physics beyond the Standard Model: Decay of sub-MeV B-L gauge boson dark matter

    Lin, Weikang and Visinelli, Luca and Xu, Donglian and Yanagida, Tsutomu T. Neutrino astronomy as a probe of physics beyond the Standard Model: Decay of sub-MeV B-L gauge boson dark matter. Phys. Rev. D. 2022. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.106.075011. arXiv:2202.04496

    2022 doi arXiv

  102. [110]

    Confronting the Galactic 511 keV emission with B-L gauge boson dark matter

    Lin, Weikang and Yanagida, Tsutomu T. Confronting the Galactic 511 keV emission with B-L gauge boson dark matter. Phys. Rev. D. 2022. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.106.075012. arXiv:2205.08171

    2022 doi arXiv

  103. [111]

    F \'e eton (B-L gauge boson) dark matter for the 511-keV gamma-ray excess and the prediction of low-energy neutrino flux

    Sheng, Jie and Cheng, Yu and Lin, Weikang and Yanagida, Tsutomu T. F \'e eton (B-L gauge boson) dark matter for the 511-keV gamma-ray excess and the prediction of low-energy neutrino flux. Chin. Phys. C. 2024. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/ad4af3. arXiv:2310.05420

    2024 doi arXiv

  104. [112]

    F \'e eton (B - L gauge boson) dark matter testable in future direct detection experiments

    Cheng, Yu and Sheng, Jie and Yanagida, Tsutomu T. F \'e eton (B - L gauge boson) dark matter testable in future direct detection experiments. JHEP. 2024. doi:10.1007/JHEP12(2024)078. arXiv:2410.12554

    2024 doi arXiv

  105. [113]

    Gelmini, G. B. and Roncadelli, M. Left-Handed Neutrino Mass Scale and Spontaneously Broken Lepton Number. Phys. Lett. B. 1981. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(81)90559-1

    1981 doi

  106. [114]

    Probing Majoron Dark Matter with Gravitational Wave Detectors

    Obata, Ippei and Yanagida, Tsutomu T. Probing Majoron Dark Matter with Gravitational Wave Detectors. 2026. arXiv:2604.08193

    2026 arXiv

  107. [115]

    Minimal Majoron Dark Matter

    Akita, Kensuke and Hamaguchi, Koichi and Kitagawa, Haruto and Yokoyama, Tatsuya. Minimal Majoron Dark Matter. 2026. arXiv:2605.12946

    2026 arXiv

  108. [116]

    The Majoron Cosmological Window: Dark Matter and Thermal Leptogenesis

    de Giorgi, Arturo and Naredo-Tuero, Daniel and Ponce D \' az, Xavier. The Majoron Cosmological Window: Dark Matter and Thermal Leptogenesis. 2026. arXiv:2605.18944

    2026 arXiv

  109. [117]

    Majoron Dark Matter, High-Scale Seesaw, and Leptogenesis

    Batell, Brian and Dasgupta, Arnab and Dutta, Swapnil and Ghalsasi, Akshay. Majoron Dark Matter, High-Scale Seesaw, and Leptogenesis. 2026. arXiv:2606.02706

    2026 arXiv

  110. [118]

    and Valle, J

    Berezinsky, V. and Valle, J. W. F. The KeV majoron as a dark matter particle. Phys. Lett. B. 1993. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(93)90140-D. arXiv:hep-ph/9309214

    1993 doi arXiv

  111. [119]

    and Valle, J

    Lattanzi, M. and Valle, J. W. F. Decaying warm dark matter and neutrino masses. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.121301. arXiv:0705.2406

    2007 doi arXiv

  112. [120]

    Bazzocchi, Federica and Lattanzi, Massimiliano and Riemer-S rensen, Signe and Valle, Jose W. F. X-ray photons from late-decaying majoron dark matter. JCAP. 2008. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2008/08/013. arXiv:0805.2372

    2008 doi arXiv

  113. [121]

    and Linde, Dmitri A

    Kallosh, Renata and Linde, Andrei D. and Linde, Dmitri A. and Susskind, Leonard. Gravity and global symmetries. Phys. Rev. D. 1995. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.52.912. arXiv:hep-th/9502069

    1995 doi arXiv

  114. [122]

    Constraints on Symmetries from Holography

    Harlow, Daniel and Ooguri, Hirosi. Constraints on Symmetries from Holography. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2019. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.191601. arXiv:1810.05337

    2019 doi arXiv

  115. [123]

    and Wilczek, Frank

    Krauss, Lawrence M. and Wilczek, Frank. Discrete Gauge Symmetry in Continuum Theories. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1989. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.62.1221

    1989 doi

  116. [124]

    and Ross, Graham G

    Ibanez, Luis E. and Ross, Graham G. Discrete gauge symmetries and the origin of baryon and lepton number conservation in supersymmetric versions of the standard model. Nucl. Phys. B. 1992. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(92)90195-H

    1992 doi

  117. [125]

    Dai-Freed anomalies in particle physics

    Garc \' a-Etxebarria, I \ n aki and Montero, Miguel. Dai-Freed anomalies in particle physics. JHEP. 2019. doi:10.1007/JHEP08(2019)003. arXiv:1808.00009

    2019 doi arXiv

  118. [126]

    Dai-Freed anomaly in the standard model and topological inflation

    Kawasaki, Masahiro and Yanagida, Tsutomu T. Dai-Freed anomaly in the standard model and topological inflation. JHEP. 2023. doi:10.1007/JHEP11(2023)106. arXiv:2304.10100

    2023 doi arXiv

  119. [127]

    and White, Graham

    Forestell, Lindsay and Morrissey, David E. and White, Graham. Limits from BBN on Light Electromagnetic Decays. JHEP. 2019. doi:10.1007/JHEP01(2019)074. arXiv:1809.01179

    2019 doi arXiv

  120. [128]

    Updated BBN constraints on electromagnetic decays of MeV-scale particles

    Depta, Paul Frederik and Hufnagel, Marco and Schmidt-Hoberg, Kai. Updated BBN constraints on electromagnetic decays of MeV-scale particles. JCAP. 2021. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2021/04/011. arXiv:2011.06519

    2021 doi arXiv

  121. [129]

    Lazarides-Shafi axion models as Dijkgraaf-Witten theories

    Suzuki, Motoo and Yokokura, Ryo. Lazarides-Shafi axion models as Dijkgraaf-Witten theories. Phys. Rev. D. 2026. doi:10.1103/hl5s-73lj. arXiv:2602.12345

    2026 doi

Pith tools

Reviewed July 13, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.