Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs

As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 45 of 45 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2509.10860.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.10860 v1

Coverage vector

measured 45 of 45 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.012346Z

measured 45 of 45 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

45 of 45 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy0
unresolved45
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 285dc5c4-7399-4ed6-8196-75293398b7ef · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.479476Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 7f42467f-8f99-4fef-8134-ffdd82296bf2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.467764Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 3e8146f5-25b4-4f78-bd4e-db151a268b7f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.457649Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation b1b40441-6b9f-4068-a3b0-1049046fb739 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.447251Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 42006d21-11b4-4c70-b270-4cde13f872fc · outbound

This paper cites Do large language models resemble humans in language use?.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Do large language models resemble humans in language use?

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:02.860892Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6a239daa-2461-4b3e-ab6d-1640e281617c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.436583Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation ed81a50b-cbe4-411c-9d14-99bb0d85187a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.426460Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation c46555df-5907-42a7-94e4-b204cff12655 · outbound

This paper cites Efficient and Effective Text Encoding for Chinese LLaMA and Alpaca.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Efficient and Effective Text Encoding for Chinese LLaMA and Alpaca

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:02.873711Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 52961e11-c98a-4f4d-911c-40ee1e4f3c8b · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:02.877574Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 12abb756-46a2-4dca-bebd-a2ebadc470e6 · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:02.882021Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 55a187d2-7b4e-43cc-b100-bd5699e16faa · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.409334Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 10a3148a-6dd8-4844-b4b8-e2990bac1427 · outbound

This paper cites HLB: Benchmarking LLMs' Humanlikeness in Language Use.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs HLB: Benchmarking LLMs' Humanlikeness in Language Use

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:02.889749Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f92b3ff8-2b05-4291-b59d-619750fc16f4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.397479Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation ba74c8d3-aeba-4328-b3ff-6ccc5d9f715a · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.386659Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation e5f3ce16-0956-44c2-bfd0-1f10378e86a0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.375864Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 6b194bc5-d721-4dc8-9eed-99496fe828bb · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:02.904152Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f2f65721-a959-47c2-9ac0-473de19caed3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:02.907671Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c10aa27f-8462-4298-8729-fd9e09d79095 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.359051Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 62381d69-3287-4f1b-ac32-dbb22610640e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.347689Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation a125745f-a90d-49f2-be70-d1c251770bf2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.336540Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 324cc338-4588-433e-acee-4e01d718cdb9 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.325926Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 64517ef1-a800-44ff-a9a6-6020a4972789 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:02.925130Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d4319c40-41d0-4a5f-b346-59433fb64641 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.307516Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation fdf56f55-4a12-48e2-a541-e6052b5569a8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.296261Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 0d7c1fcf-b38a-4239-a3d2-83b0d43aaedd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.285359Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation f7bc37ea-145c-4897-8e62-606b06486266 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.274656Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 2f574df3-6ee8-4564-8d58-f4314febfe94 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.263679Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation a05675cf-a402-413c-a8e1-e0a54660b41e · outbound

This paper cites Inverse Scaling: When Bigger Isn't Better.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Inverse Scaling: When Bigger Isn't Better

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:02.946393Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 196b76b9-2153-4495-a7f5-c7da0f6273d0 · outbound

This paper cites minicons: Enabling Flexible Behavioral and Representational Analyses of Transformer Language Models.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs minicons: Enabling Flexible Behavioral and Representational Analyses of Transformer Language Models

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:02.950328Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d16e4e82-d840-4ec1-8423-5484485428c0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:02.954134Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 66fa9c89-4198-44f3-b4b7-9192924fe5d4 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.247239Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation cb9397ec-7521-4a56-bdea-c1b10cbb044e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.236276Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 3ff131f7-849d-48b9-b6ca-f30158d10e7f · outbound

This paper cites DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:02.965035Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3abbaed6-ac25-4357-b8d8-51416107201c · outbound

This paper cites Do Multilingual LLMs Think In English?.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Do Multilingual LLMs Think In English?

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:02.969494Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c1553758-2a2c-4e60-8f0a-0add7533fcb6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.224894Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 4692cb7e-15e0-4c1c-beca-92bd0279ed07 · outbound

This paper cites Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Models

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:02.977036Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 25bda9b2-2619-4f69-8fa0-d133d908836f · outbound

This paper cites O'Reilly Media, Inc.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs O'Reilly Media, Inc

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:02.980712Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 36235785-69d8-4c84-9c63-51eb85a3f1d8 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.207821Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation e8e3d9cf-b61d-4bde-90dd-7cf40b5d3d76 · outbound

This paper cites Don't Trust ChatGPT when Your Question is not in English: A Study of Multilingual Abilities and Types of LLMs.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Don't Trust ChatGPT when Your Question is not in English: A Study of Multilingual Abilities and Types of LLMs

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:02.989690Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f6e7d2e7-c94b-49de-b289-5e9320ad7393 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.195833Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 5f3b18d5-e284-4825-b86e-c72d57bdf794 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.185064Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 0fee0beb-1b6d-472f-b9b4-3272379dff38 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.174037Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation f8404fc4-135b-447e-b929-f3a63df7198e · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs Unresolved cited work

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.163650Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.

Observation 3cd18977-fd40-49e2-8300-11d7924bd56f · outbound

This paper cites online" 'onlinestring :=.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs online" 'onlinestring :=

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.008590Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c8ae58cf-eae1-42c1-b64d-e95970a5325e · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Quantifier Scope Interpretation in Language Learners and LLMs write newline

Reference 45

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:56:03.012346Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.