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Sub-keV Electron Recoil Calibration for Macroscopic Cryogenic Calorimeters using a Novel X-ray Fluorescence Source

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arxiv 2505.17686 v2 pith:7LVVQ74S submitted 2025-05-23 physics.ins-det

Sub-keV Electron Recoil Calibration for Macroscopic Cryogenic Calorimeters using a Novel X-ray Fluorescence Source

H. Abele , G. Angloher , B. Arnold , M. Atzori Corona , A. Bento , E. Bossio , J. Burkhart , F. Cappella
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M. Cappelli N. Casali R. Cerulli A. Cruciani G. Del Castello M. del Gallo Roccagiovine S. Dorer A. Erhart M. Friedl S. Fichtinger V. M. Ghete M. Giammei C. Goupy D. Hauff F. Jeanneau E. Jericha M. Kaznacheeva A. Kinast H. Kluck A. Langenk\"amper T. Lasserre D. Lhuillier M. Mancuso R. Martin B. Mauri A. Mazzolari L. McCallin H. Neyrial C. Nones L. Oberauer T. Ortmann L. Pattavina L. Peters F. Petricca W. Potzel F. Pr\"obst F. Pucci F. Reindl M. Romagnoni J. Rothe N. Schermer J. Schieck S. Sch\"onert C. Schwertner L. Scola G. Soum-Sidikov L. Stodolsky R. Strauss M. Tamisari R. Thalmeier C. Tomei M. Vignati M. Vivier A. Wex K. v. Mirbach V. Wagner
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Percent-level calibration of cryogenic macro-calorimeters with energy thresholds below 100~eV are crucial for light Dark Matter (DM) searches and reactor neutrino studies based on coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS). This paper presents a novel calibration source based on X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of light elements. It uses a $^{55}$Fe source to irradiate a two-staged target arrangement, emitting characteristic emission lines from 677\,eV to 6.5\,keV. We demonstrate the potential of this new XRF source to calibrate a 0.75 gram CaWO$_4$ crystal of the NUCLEUS and CRAB experiments. Additionally, we introduce CryoLab, an advanced analysis tool for cryogenic detector data, featuring robust methods for data processing, calibration, and high-level analysis, implemented in MATLAB and HDF5. We also present a phenomenological model for energy resolution, which incorporates statistical contributions, systematic effects, and baseline noise, enabling a novel approach to evaluating athermal phonon collection efficiency in macro-calorimeters based on transition edge sensors (TES).

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

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  1. Prospect of the NUCLEUS Experiment at Chooz for Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering and New Physics Searches

    hep-ex 2026-03 conditional novelty 6.0

    Assuming the low-energy background can be eliminated, a 7-gram NUCLEUS detector at Chooz is projected to see coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering at 4.7σ in one year and to set competitive bounds on new neutrino interactions.

  2. Particle background characterization and prediction for the NUCLEUS reactor CE$\nu$NS experiment

    physics.ins-det 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Environmental radiation measurements combined with Geant4 simulations predict a residual background of approximately 250 events per day per kg per keV in the 10-100 eV range for NUCLEUS CaWO4 detectors, dominated by c...