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Thermodynamic properties of neutral Dirac particles in the presence of an electromagnetic field
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In this paper, we investigate the thermodynamic properties of a set of neutral Dirac particles in the presence of an electromagnetic field in contact with a heat bath for the relativistic and non-relativistic cases. In order to perform the calculations, the high-temperature limit is considered and the Euler-MacLaurin formula is taking into account. Next, we explicitly determine the behavior of the main thermodynamic functions of the canonical ensemble: the Helmholtz free energy, the mean energy, the entropy, and the heat capacity. As a result, we verified that the mean energy and the heat capacity for the relativistic case are two times the values of the non-relativistic case, thus, satisfying the so-called Dulong-Petit law. In addition, we also verified that the Helmholtz free energy and the entropy in both cases increase as a function of the electric field. Finally, we note that there exists no influence on the thermodynamic functions due to the magnetic field.
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