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The dynamic origins of fermionic D-terms
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The D-term is a particle property defined, similarly to the mass and spin, through matrix elements of the energy-momentum tensor. It is currently not known experimentally for any particle, but the D-term of the nucleon can be inferred from studies of hard-exclusive reactions. In this work we show that the D-term of a spin-1/2 fermion is of dynamical origin: it vanishes for a free fermion. This is in pronounced contrast to the bosonic case where already a free spin-0 boson has a non-zero intrinsic D-term as shown in an accompanying work. We illustrate in two simple models how interactions generate the D-term of a fermion with an internal structure, the nucleon. All known matter is composed of elementary fermions. This indicates the importance to study this interesting particle property in more detail, which will provide novel insights especially on the structure of the nucleon.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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Mechanical form factors and densities of non-relativistic fermions
Non-relativistic fermion energy-momentum tensor matrix elements are decomposed into Galilei-covariant mechanical form factors using new eight-component spinors, with pilot-wave based density formulas separating intern...
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Quantum stress and torsion distributions in the deuteron
First complete non-relativistic impulse-approximation calculation of all eleven deuteron EMT form factors, including non-conserved c-bar and s-bar form factors that map to force and torsion distributions inside the nucleons.
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Quantum stresses in the hydrogen atom
For the hydrogen ground state, the \bar{c} gravitational form factor, not the D-term, carries the local force law, supporting a literal stress interpretation under pilot wave ontology.
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Dispersive Determination of Nucleon Gravitational Form Factors
Using unitarity and dispersion relations, the paper extracts a nucleon D-term of -3.38 and a scalar trace density radius of 0.97 fm at the physical pion mass.
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