Measurements of charged-particle pseudorapidity and transverse momentum distributions in O+O and Ne+Ne collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_\text{NN}}} = 5.36$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

ATLAS Collaboration

arxiv: 2606.20257 · v1 · pith:AKJ7WF2Inew · submitted 2026-06-18 · ⚛️ nucl-ex · hep-ex

Measurements of charged-particle pseudorapidity and transverse momentum distributions in O+O and Ne+Ne collisions at sqrt{s_(_NN)} = 5.36 TeV with the ATLAS detector

ATLAS Collaboration This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-06-26 14:48 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ⚛️ nucl-ex hep-ex

keywords charged-particle multiplicitypseudorapidity distributionstransverse momentum spectraheavy-ion collisionsO+O collisionsNe+Ne collisionscentrality dependenceATLAS experiment

0 comments

The pith

ATLAS measures charged-particle density and mean transverse momentum versus pseudorapidity in O+O and Ne+Ne collisions at 5.36 TeV.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The paper reports the first measurements of charged-particle production in oxygen-oxygen and neon-neon collisions at the LHC. It gives the per-event pseudorapidity density dn/dη and average transverse momentum as functions of pseudorapidity, broken down into narrow centrality intervals from 0 to 80 percent. The results are obtained inside the inner detector acceptance and then extrapolated to full pT coverage down to zero, with direct comparison to hydrodynamic model calculations.

Core claim

The per-event charged-particle pseudorapidity density dn/dη and mean transverse momentum ⟨pT⟩ are measured over |η|<2.5 and 0.27 < pT < 5 GeV as a function of η in 5%-wide centrality intervals for 5-80% centrality and 1%-wide intervals for 0-5% centrality, with invariant yields fitted to extrapolate to 0 < pT < 5 GeV; the same quantities are also extracted versus rapidity assuming a pion mass, and all results are compared to hydrodynamic calculations.

What carries the argument

Centrality determination from total transverse energy in the forward calorimeters, combined with charged-particle reconstruction in the inner detector over the stated fiducial ranges.

If this is right

The measured distributions supply reference data for testing whether hydrodynamic flow develops in small nuclear systems.
Direct O+O versus Ne+Ne comparison isolates the effect of nuclear size at fixed collision energy.
The rapidity distributions allow assessment of the difference between pseudorapidity and rapidity observables.
Extrapolated full-pT yields enable consistent comparison with lower-energy fixed-target experiments.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

If the hydrodynamic models match the light-ion data, the results would support the idea that collective behavior appears even in collisions involving only a few dozen nucleons.
Discrepancies in the most peripheral bins could point to the onset of non-hydrodynamic mechanisms such as string fragmentation or initial-state fluctuations.
These measurements could be repeated at higher LHC energies to map the energy dependence of small-system collectivity.

Load-bearing premise

The total transverse energy deposited in the forward calorimeters correctly orders events by the number of participating nucleons.

What would settle it

A systematic discrepancy between the measured dn/dη shapes and hydrodynamic predictions that grows with decreasing system size or increasing centrality would indicate that the hydrodynamic description fails for these light systems.

read the original abstract

Measurements of charged-particle transverse momentum spectra, multiplicity, and mean transverse momentum are presented as a function of pseudorapidity and collision centrality in O+O and Ne+Ne collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_\text{NN}}}= 5.36$ TeV using 27.7 $\mu\text{b}^{-1}$ and 53.1 $\mu\text{b}^{-1}$ data sets recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The collision centrality is characterized by the total transverse energy measured in the ATLAS forward calorimeters. The kinematics of charged particles are reconstructed with the inner detector over the fiducial pseudorapidity and transverse momentum ranges $|\eta|<2.5$ and $0.27 < p_{\text{T}} < 5$ GeV using data from the ATLAS inner detector. The per-event charged-particle pseudorapidity density $dn/d\eta$ and mean transverse momentum $\langle p_{\text{T}}\rangle$ are measured over this fiducial range as a function of $\eta$. The results are reported in 5%-wide centrality intervals covering the 5-80% centrality range, and in 1%-wide intervals covering the 0-5% centrality range. Invariant per-event yields are evaluated as a function of $\eta$ and $p_{\text{T}}$. Their $p_{\text{T}}$ dependence is fitted to estimate extrapolated $dn/d\eta$ and $\langle p_{\text{T}}\rangle$ values over $0 < p_{\text{T}} < 5$ GeV. To evaluate the impact of using pseudorapidity instead of rapidity, measurements are also performed as a function of rapidity computed using a pion mass hypothesis. The fiducial and extrapolated results are compared with hydrodynamic calculations.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Desk Editor's Note private letter to a colleague

ATLAS has released the first charged-particle measurements in O+O and Ne+Ne at 5.36 TeV using their standard heavy-ion chain.

read the letter

The key point for you is that ATLAS has published new measurements of dn/dη and ⟨pT⟩ in O+O and Ne+Ne collisions at √sNN = 5.36 TeV. These are the first results for these systems at LHC energies and should serve as benchmarks for models of light ion collisions.

They apply the usual ATLAS heavy-ion toolkit: centrality from FCal ET, tracking in the ID over |η|<2.5 and 0.27 < pT <5 GeV, and a fit to extrapolate the yields to pT=0. They also show the effect of using rapidity instead of pseudorapidity and compare the data to hydrodynamic calculations.

The paper does a good job of presenting both the raw fiducial measurements and the extrapolated ones, along with fine-grained centrality bins. This makes the data more usable for comparisons. The luminosity collected is reasonable for these short runs.

The soft spots are limited. Centrality determination in lighter systems can be affected by larger fluctuations, but the method is the same as for Pb+Pb so any issues would be systematic across the program. The extrapolation step always has some uncertainty from the fit choice, but they are transparent about reporting both versions. No major red flags in the described chain.

This work is aimed at the heavy-ion and small-systems community. Anyone modeling initial conditions or hydrodynamic evolution in O+O or Ne+Ne will want to look at these numbers.

I would recommend sending it for peer review. It is a solid experimental measurement paper with new data.

Referee Report

0 major / 3 minor

Summary. The paper reports measurements of charged-particle pseudorapidity density dn/dη and mean transverse momentum ⟨pT⟩ in O+O and Ne+Ne collisions at √s_NN = 5.36 TeV with the ATLAS detector. Centrality is determined from total transverse energy in the forward calorimeters. Kinematics are reconstructed in the inner detector over |η| < 2.5 and 0.27 < pT < 5 GeV. Results are given in 5%-wide centrality intervals (5-80%) and 1%-wide intervals (0-5%), with pT spectra fitted to extrapolate dn/dη and ⟨pT⟩ to 0 < pT < 5 GeV. Additional measurements use rapidity (pion mass hypothesis), and results are compared to hydrodynamic calculations. Data sets are 27.7 μb^{-1} (O+O) and 53.1 μb^{-1} (Ne+Ne).

Significance. If the results hold, they supply new data on charged-particle production in small collision systems at LHC energies. These measurements test hydrodynamic models in lighter nuclei and help constrain initial-state effects and collective behavior in O+O and Ne+Ne collisions. The use of standard, well-documented ATLAS reconstruction and centrality procedures, together with explicit fiducial and extrapolated results, strengthens the utility of the data set for model comparisons.

minor comments (3)

The abstract states that invariant yields are fitted to extrapolate to 0 < pT < 5 GeV, but the functional form of the fit (e.g., exponential, power-law, or blast-wave) and the fit range are not specified; this detail should be added in §4 or §5 for reproducibility.
The comparison to hydrodynamic calculations is mentioned without naming the specific models, their parameters, or the centrality determination method used in the theory; a table or explicit reference list in the results section would improve clarity.
The integrated luminosities are given, but the paper should state the number of events or the centrality-dependent event counts after all selections to allow assessment of statistical precision in the most central bins.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

0 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for their positive assessment of the manuscript, including the significance of the measurements for testing hydrodynamic models in small systems, and for recommending minor revision. The report does not list any specific major comments.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

Pure measurement paper; no derivations or predictions

full rationale

This is an experimental measurement paper reporting dn/dη and ⟨pT⟩ distributions from ATLAS data in O+O and Ne+Ne collisions. Centrality uses FCal transverse energy, tracking uses the inner detector over the stated fiducial ranges, and a pT-spectrum fit is applied only to extrapolate the already-measured yields to 0 < pT < 5 GeV. No first-principles derivation, uniqueness theorem, ansatz, or self-citation chain is invoked to obtain the reported results; the outputs are direct measurements plus a standard extrapolation step. No load-bearing step reduces to its own inputs by construction.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 0 axioms · 0 invented entities

Measurement paper; no free parameters, axioms, or invented entities introduced beyond standard detector response and centrality definitions assumed from prior ATLAS work.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.1-grok · 5873 in / 1023 out tokens · 39448 ms · 2026-06-26T14:48:13.015408+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

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