On two problems about isogenies of elliptic curves over finite fields

Isogenies occur throughout the theory of elliptic curves. Recently, the cryptographic protocols based on isogenies are considered as candidates of quantum-resistant cryptographic protocols. Given two elliptic curves $E_1, E_2$ defined over a finite field $k$ with the same trace, there is a nonconstant isogeny $\beta$ from $E_2$ to $E_1$ defined over $k$. This study gives out the index of $\rm{Hom}_{\it k}(\it E_{\rm 1},E_{\rm 2})\beta$ as a left ideal in $\rm{End}_{\it k}(\it E_{\rm 2})$ and figures out the correspondence between isogenies and kernel ideals. In addition, some results about the non-trivial minimal degree of isogenies between the two elliptic curves are also provided.