Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T13:19:33.195313Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 8 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 45 of 45 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.22112.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T13:19:33.195313Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
45 of 45 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation c5da5e46-90b4-43c6-8f96-d13d3e523172 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Demystifying cognitive flexibility: Implications for clinical and developmental neuroscience,
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 9bfa18cd-3d22-44a0-82f8-4d559bff8209 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Cognitive and behavioural flexibility: neural mechanisms and clinical considerations,
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 7a23d3e6-48dd-4743-a5b7-c843b5b6d017 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Exploring the nature of cognitive flexibility,
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7a1a9bed-98ea-4142-8020-b2d37897d58e · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Prefrontal deep projection neurons enable cognitive flexibility via persistent feedback monitoring,
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 087c6a90-e252-4542-aaab-7dda1e59bb39 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Prefrontal cortex and neural mech- anisms of executive function,
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 45637b24-ab33-4831-a15c-faba54975bd5 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Large language models are visual reasoning coordinators,
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 25a8ebbc-1870-4654-a515-7a83bb06053b · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Evaluating cognitive maps and planning in large language models with cogeval,
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 16b4662c-24f0-4ae2-8443-602c13554ba5 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test A survey on evaluation of large language models,
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation f75c6507-9026-4ac9-97b9-233e95328f43 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Integration of cognitive tasks into artificial general intelligence test for large models,
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation d6ba2bca-f1ab-4bee-a422-ebe25cea73c2 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Hello gpt-4o,
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 478af5bf-364d-4776-b809-31494948a237 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation b34f6075-8762-49f8-8885-0d543336403d · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Announcements: Claude 3.5 sonnet,
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 831e7458-f931-45ee-8dd2-65f0d0703c7f · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test A simple objective technique for measuring flexibility in thinking,
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation ad77324c-8206-4bf4-831a-a6b7933f4204 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Considerations for using the wisconsin card sorting test to assess cognitive flexibility,
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 7c380b2a-d66c-4590-9fa0-d30f65702b64 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test The wcst-64: A standardized short-form of the wisconsin card sorting test,
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation cbc8f6ba-88cc-4ff6-8d94-541a166a284f · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Wisconsin card sorting test as a measure of executive function impairments in stroke patients,
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 21df84a0-6901-427e-bd7a-ae2ec1082719 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Using fmri to decompose the neural processes underlying the wisconsin card sorting test,
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 4befcbb9-ff77-4139-bb2e-0d17c9194709 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Common and distinct mechanisms of cognitive flexibility in prefrontal cortex,
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 93ae0bb1-6eb6-4cca-b4cf-8269041307e2 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Flexible adjustment of the effective connectivity between the fronto-parietal and visual regions supports cognitive flexibility,
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation e6692b12-4e33-4f75-8dfe-4df44bda662f · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Executive functions,
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation cbb44741-46a8-4601-97f3-05a093388de8 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test On the historical and conceptual background of the wisconsin card sorting test,
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation bd9148de-e9f0-4238-8114-8b65e7ded90a · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Adult clinical neuropsychology: lessons from studies of the frontal lobes,
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation cd98242f-e1aa-4c3e-9cf1-b0a7a958a718 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test The dimensional change card sort (dccs): A method of assessing executive function in children,
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 113d4b58-b4ef-4d95-bfcf-8d1a422019f6 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Emo- tional processing and executive functions in major depressive disorder: dorsal prefrontal activity correlates with performance in the intra–extra dimensional set shift,
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 5fd6809e-4355-4313-939d-592c2610bd7d · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Testing theory of mind in large language models and humans,
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 826d58b4-a9cc-48c9-898d-a965d3e32096 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test An empirical investigation of the impact of chatgpt on creativity,
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation d0eaca58-7d6f-46f1-aefc-b450aff8d67c · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Test of Time: A Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs on Temporal Reasoning
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation fea50c66-695f-4e0d-8199-6795462b794a · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Vision language models are blind: Failing to translate detailed visual features into words
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation afee0ac2-6667-433c-929e-782a61c91d28 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Chal- lenging chatgpt’intelligence’with human tools: a neuropsychological investigation on prefrontal functioning of a large language model,
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 4e05f13d-e542-47ea-b4e0-9250a26bb9cc · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Using large language models to simulate multiple humans and replicate human subject studies,
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 9f9473fb-ffdf-4c65-ae8e-8e56c5274cf9 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Pre- train, prompt, and predict: A systematic survey of prompting methods in natural language processing,
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 234c93ad-eb33-4e74-82b3-8763b7c7eed4 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Chain-of-thought prompting elicits reasoning in large language models,
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2762c3e2-64a9-40d3-9923-f136f0dd049f · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Navigate through Enigmatic Labyrinth A Survey of Chain of Thought Reasoning: Advances, Frontiers and Future
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7daf54f5-6073-47b6-a370-06f52395a1bc · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Large lan- guage models are zero-shot reasoners,
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 44bfb4d2-336b-4648-99f7-dc6d6bd55ea5 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5ef36ba9-0092-47a9-846d-f92be3f14d16 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test M$^3$CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 7a318d39-df91-479e-842d-2ad79079a413 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Least-to-Most Prompting Enables Complex Reasoning in Large Language Models
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 67ae6db2-43e4-42a9-a8a1-91266ea4ffdc · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Automatic Prompt Optimization with "Gradient Descent" and Beam Search
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1edbde00-253d-4570-b8f5-141eed0127d6 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Large Language Models Are Human-Level Prompt Engineers
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation db62c831-f7d1-49ac-8120-fb2643ec71b3 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Unresolved cited work
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 91030014-29dc-4843-b5d8-76ae6dab210c · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function,
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation b065a8a5-a875-414f-86a5-ff8c5596d5c2 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Is there a dysexecutive syndrome?
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 3f944b39-6f89-40e6-a473-1af6441941d2 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test The involvement of orbitofrontal cerebrum in cognitive tasks,
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 477557cd-2372-40ba-8165-4165fbb5255c · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Wisconsin card sorting test performance in patients with focal frontal and posterior brain damage: effects of lesion location and test structure on separable cognitive processes,
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
Observation 972cb26e-cbd8-4478-94c7-916204369f03 · outbound
Visual Large Language Models Exhibit Human-Level Cognitive Flexibility in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Effects of different brain lesions on card sorting: The role of the frontal lobes,
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.