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KM3-230213A: An Ultra-High Energy Neutrino from a Year-Long Astrophysical Transient

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arxiv 2502.12986 v1 pith:BHENX5O5 submitted 2025-02-18 astro-ph.HE

KM3-230213A: An Ultra-High Energy Neutrino from a Year-Long Astrophysical Transient

classification astro-ph.HE
keywords neutrinoenergyeventfluxall-skyaugerdetectionflare
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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The Km3NET collaboration has recently reported the detection of a neutrino event with energy in excess of 100 PeV. This detection is in 2.5-3$\sigma$ tension with the upper limit on the neutrino flux at this energy imposed by IceCube and the Pierre Auger Observatory, if the event is considered part of the diffuse all-sky neutrino flux. We explore an alternative possibility that the event originates from a flare of an isolated source. We show that the data of Km3NET, IceCube and the Pierre Auger Observatory are consistent with the possibility of a source flare of duration $T \lesssim 2$ yr with muon neutrino flux $F \approx 3\times 10^{-10}(1\mbox{ yr }/ T)$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. Constraints on the neutrino spectrum indicate that the protons responsible for the neutrino emission have a very hard spectrum in the $E_p\gtrsim 10^{19}$ eV energy range, or otherwise that the neutrinos are produced by photohadronic interactions with infrared photons. The all-sky rate of similar neutrino flaring sources is constrained to be $R\lesssim 0.4/$ yr.

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Forward citations

Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. The KM3NeT 220 PeV event: a neutrino messenger from the grand unification scale?

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.5

    The KM3NeT 220 PeV event is read as X o u ū decay of a flavored onium relic at m_X=4.4e8 GeV, with lifetime fixing a mediator near 10^16 GeV under a single Higgs insertion.

  2. Earth rotation turns event timing into a geometric probe of UHE neutrino origin

    hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    Earth-rotation timing lowers the number of future KM3NeT events needed to exclude a dark-matter origin of KM3-230213A from ~22–27 to ~14–16.

  3. The KM3NeT 220 PeV event: a neutrino messenger from the grand unification scale?

    hep-ph 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    KM3-230213A is interpreted as X→νν̄ decay of a ~4.4×10^8 GeV flavored onium relic whose operator scale lands in the GUT/seesaw range of unified models.

  4. KM3-230213A and potential astrophysical sources

    astro-ph.HE 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    KM3NeT reports the first astrophysical neutrino above 100 PeV, reviews tensions with other observatories, and explores source scenarios using the inferred diffuse flux.

  5. Implications of a Cosmogenic Origin of KM3-230213A for Ultra-High-Energy Protons

    astro-ph.HE 2026-03 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    A single high-energy neutrino event implies that UHE proton sources must evolve strongly like high-luminosity AGN, but this is disfavored when including null results from other detectors, with proton fraction constrai...