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KM3-230213A: An Ultra-High Energy Neutrino from a Year-Long Astrophysical Transient
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abstract
The Km3NET collaboration has recently reported the detection of a neutrino event with energy in excess of 100 PeV. This detection is in 2.5-3$\sigma$ tension with the upper limit on the neutrino flux at this energy imposed by IceCube and the Pierre Auger Observatory, if the event is considered part of the diffuse all-sky neutrino flux. We explore an alternative possibility that the event originates from a flare of an isolated source. We show that the data of Km3NET, IceCube and the Pierre Auger Observatory are consistent with the possibility of a source flare of duration $T \lesssim 2$ yr with muon neutrino flux $F \approx 3\times 10^{-10}(1\mbox{ yr }/ T)$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$. Constraints on the neutrino spectrum indicate that the protons responsible for the neutrino emission have a very hard spectrum in the $E_p\gtrsim 10^{19}$ eV energy range, or otherwise that the neutrinos are produced by photohadronic interactions with infrared photons. The all-sky rate of similar neutrino flaring sources is constrained to be $R\lesssim 0.4/$ yr.
Forward citations
Cited by 8 Pith papers
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The KM3NeT 220 PeV event: a neutrino messenger from the grand unification scale?
The KM3NeT 220 PeV event is read as X o u ū decay of a flavored onium relic at m_X=4.4e8 GeV, with lifetime fixing a mediator near 10^16 GeV under a single Higgs insertion.
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Earth rotation turns event timing into a geometric probe of UHE neutrino origin
Earth-rotation timing lowers the number of future KM3NeT events needed to exclude a dark-matter origin of KM3-230213A from ~22–27 to ~14–16.
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The Highest-Energy Neutrino Event Constrains Dark Matter-Neutrino Interactions
KM3-230213A limits dark matter-neutrino scattering to below about 1e-22 cm^2/GeV at 220 PeV, but most simple dark matter models are excluded by unitarity above MeV masses.
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`Dark' Matter Effect as a Novel Solution to the KM3-230213A Puzzle
Dark matter scattering in the Earth, sourced by a flaring blazar, can explain the KM3-230213A event while yielding few or no IceCube events in a viable parameter space.
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Clash of the Titans: ultra-high energy KM3NeT event versus IceCube data
A single KM3NeT event above 10 PeV is in 2.9 to 3.6 sigma tension with IceCube's non-observation under all standard source models, pointing toward a new astrophysical source.
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Can a gamma-ray dim radio blazar produce a 200-PeV neutrino? The case of PMN J0606$-$0724 and KM3-230213A
A gamma-ray dim radio blazar, PMN J0606-0724, can plausibly explain the 200 PeV KM3NeT neutrino through proton-photon interactions in its radio core, with the associated gamma rays absorbed internally.
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High-Energy Neutrinos from Cosmic-Ray Scatterings with Supernova Neutrinos
Cosmic-ray boosted supernova neutrinos could be detectable in optimistic astrophysical scenarios and yield a bound of about 30 TeV on the extra-dimensional scale.
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Road through Dark$\nu$ess: Probing dark matter-neutrino interactions using KM3-230213A
Using the 220 PeV event KM3-230213A, the authors set the highest-energy constraints to date on dark matter-neutrino scattering, and for energy-dependent cross sections they report some of the strongest existing limits.
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