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Attention is Not All You Need: Pure Attention Loses Rank Doubly Exponentially with Depth

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arxiv 2103.03404 v2 pith:CCQ4XKRD submitted 2021-03-05 cs.LG

classification cs.LG
keywords attentionoutputarchitecturesconnectionsdoublyexponentiallymlpsself-attention
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Attention-based architectures have become ubiquitous in machine learning, yet our understanding of the reasons for their effectiveness remains limited. This work proposes a new way to understand self-attention networks: we show that their output can be decomposed into a sum of smaller terms, each involving the operation of a sequence of attention heads across layers. Using this decomposition, we prove that self-attention possesses a strong inductive bias towards "token uniformity". Specifically, without skip connections or multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs), the output converges doubly exponentially to a rank-1 matrix. On the other hand, skip connections and MLPs stop the output from degeneration. Our experiments verify the identified convergence phenomena on different variants of standard transformer architectures.

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Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

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    At compression ratios above 8x, grouping tokens via a Krylov-projected LSH of an implicit attention kernel preserves LLM output quality far better than block averaging, at a large preprocessing latency cost.

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    Effective state-size, the rank of a causal operator submatrix, is proposed and empirically validated as a memory-utilization proxy that beats cache size at predicting recall-task accuracy and reveals how LLMs reset co...

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