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Bridging the Gap Between Indexing and Retrieval for Differentiable Search Index with Query Generation

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arxiv 2206.10128 v3 pith:CFBKVCDR submitted 2022-06-21 cs.IR cs.CL

classification cs.IRcs.CL
keywords retrievalindexingdocumentsqueriescurrentdocumentdsi-qgindex
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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The Differentiable Search Index (DSI) is an emerging paradigm for information retrieval. Unlike traditional retrieval architectures where index and retrieval are two different and separate components, DSI uses a single transformer model to perform both indexing and retrieval. In this paper, we identify and tackle an important issue of current DSI models: the data distribution mismatch that occurs between the DSI indexing and retrieval processes. Specifically, we argue that, at indexing, current DSI methods learn to build connections between the text of long documents and the identifier of the documents, but then retrieval of document identifiers is based on queries that are commonly much shorter than the indexed documents. This problem is further exacerbated when using DSI for cross-lingual retrieval, where document text and query text are in different languages. To address this fundamental problem of current DSI models, we propose a simple yet effective indexing framework for DSI, called DSI-QG. When indexing, DSI-QG represents documents with a number of potentially relevant queries generated by a query generation model and re-ranked and filtered by a cross-encoder ranker. The presence of these queries at indexing allows the DSI models to connect a document identifier to a set of queries, hence mitigating data distribution mismatches present between the indexing and the retrieval phases. Empirical results on popular mono-lingual and cross-lingual passage retrieval datasets show that DSI-QG significantly outperforms the original DSI model.

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Forward citations

Cited by 14 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. OpenAlex reports about 23 citations worldwide. Full citation record

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  5. Revisiting Text Ranking in Deep Research

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  7. Bridging the Gap: From Ad-hoc to Proactive Search in Conversations

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    Conv2Query fine-tunes an LLM to convert conversational context into ad-hoc queries, enabling off-the-shelf retrievers to work effectively on proactive search in conversations.

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    Birdie applies a differentiable search index to table discovery: a single model is trained to map natural language queries to table identifiers, outperforming dense retrieval baselines on three benchmarks.

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    DOGR combines identifier generation with document-level contrastive learning and a fused relevance score, improving generative retrieval on NQ320k and MS MARCO.

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  12. Adaptive Two-Phase Finetuning LLMs for Japanese Legal Text Retrieval

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    A two-phase fine-tuning pipeline (global contrastive pretraining, then domain-specific hard-negative training) improves LLaMA-based dense retrieval on a Gemini-generated Japanese legal dataset and on a subset of MS MARCO.

  13. Optimizing Multi-Stage Language Models for Effective Text Retrieval

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    A language-model-only, two-phase retrieval pipeline with hard-negative training and a grid-searched ensemble is reported to outperform sparse, dense, and generative baselines on a Japanese legal retrieval test set and...

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