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Mitigating the Privacy Issues in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) via Pure Synthetic Data

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arxiv 2406.14773 v2 pith:CHWBJQKR submitted 2024-06-20 cs.CR

classification cs.CR
keywords datasyntheticgenerationprivacyinformationretrievaloriginalprivacy-preserving
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances the outputs of language models by integrating relevant information retrieved from external knowledge sources. However, when the retrieval process involves private data, RAG systems may face severe privacy risks, potentially leading to the leakage of sensitive information. To address this issue, we propose using synthetic data as a privacy-preserving alternative for the retrieval data. We propose SAGE, a novel two-stage synthetic data generation paradigm. In the stage-1, we employ an attribute-based extraction and generation approach to preserve key contextual information from the original data. In the stage-2, we further enhance the privacy properties of the synthetic data through an agent-based iterative refinement process. Extensive experiments demonstrate that using our synthetic data as the retrieval context achieves comparable performance to using the original data while substantially reducing privacy risks. Our work takes the first step towards investigating the possibility of generating high-utility and privacy-preserving synthetic data for RAG, opening up new opportunities for the safe application of RAG systems in various domains.

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Forward citations

Cited by 8 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. FedMosaic: Federated Retrieval-Augmented Generation via Parametric Adapters

    cs.CL 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    FedMosaic is a federated RAG system that encodes local documents as mask-gated LoRA adapters, clusters related documents into shared adapters, and selectively merges only relevant, low-conflict adapters at the server.

  2. Distributed Retrieval-Augmented Generation

    cs.DC 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A distributed RAG framework using topic-aware random walk routing lets edge devices retrieve knowledge from peers with near-centralized accuracy and about half the messages of flooding.

  3. EnronQA: Towards Personalized RAG over Private Documents

    cs.IR 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A new 528,304-question benchmark over 103,638 Enron emails across 150 inboxes lets RAG pipelines be evaluated in a setting where LLMs cannot answer from memory.

  4. Towards Copyright Protection for Knowledge Bases of Retrieval-augmented Language Models via Reasoning

    cs.CR 2025-02 reject novelty 6.0 of 10

    RAGC⃝ watermarks RAG knowledge bases by injecting benign chain-of-thought passages that only watermarked queries retrieve, enabling ownership verification via a Wilcoxon test on whether the generated reasoning contain...

  5. ALoFTRAG: Automatic Local Fine Tuning for Retrieval Augmented Generation

    cs.LG 2025-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    ALoFTRAG self-generates Q&A from unlabeled RAG texts, filters them with the same local LLM, and LoRA fine-tunes to lift citation accuracy by 8.3% and answer accuracy by 3.0% on average across 26 languages.

  6. RAG with Differential Privacy

    cs.LG 2024-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    DP-RAG retrieves top documents with a differentially private threshold and aggregates per-document token probabilities through an exponential mechanism to generate private responses.

  7. Diverse And Private Synthetic Datasets Generation for RAG evaluation: A multi-agent framework

    cs.CL 2025-08 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A multi-agent LLM framework generates synthetic QA datasets for RAG evaluation by combining clustering-based sampling, PII pseudonymization, and QA curation, with reported diversity gains and 0.75-0.90 masking accuracy.

  8. Towards Trustworthy Retrieval Augmented Generation for Large Language Models: A Survey

    cs.CL 2025-02 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A survey organizes current research on trustworthy RAG into six pillars, reliability, privacy, safety, fairness, explainability, and accountability, and maps methods, metrics, and open problems for each.

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