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Hydrodynamical constraints on bubble wall velocity
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Terminal velocity reached by bubble walls in first order phase transitions is an important parameter determining both primordial gravitational-wave spectrum and production of baryon asymmetry in models of electroweak baryogenesis. We developed a numerical code to study the real-time evolution of expanding bubbles and investigate how their walls reach stationary states. Our results agree with profiles obtained within the so-called bag model with very good accuracy, however, not all such solutions are stable and realised in dynamical systems. Depending on the exact shape of the potential there is always a range of wall velocities where no steady state solutions exist. This behaviour in deflagrations was explained by hydrodynamical obstruction where solutions that would heat the plasma outside the wall above the critical temperature and cause local symmetry restoration are forbidden. For even more affected hybrid solutions causes are less straight forward, however, we provide a simple numerical fit allowing one to verify if a solution with a given velocity is allowed simply by computing the ratio of the nucleation temperature to the critical one for the potential in question.
Forward citations
Cited by 9 Pith papers
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Non-conformal obstructions to bubble expansion
Non-conformal equations of state introduce wall and flow obstructions that delete entire classes of bubble solutions and create 'shocked detonations', shrinking the allowed wall-velocity space and suppressing gravitat...
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Bubble velocities in local equilibrium from a pseudopotential
Terminal bubble-wall velocities in local equilibrium can be found by requiring degenerate minima of a field-only pseudopotential, avoiding scalar equations of motion and profile or equation-of-state assumptions.
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Entropy production at electroweak bubble walls from scalar field fluctuations
Scalar fluctuations produce a nonvanishing entropy discontinuity across an electroweak bubble wall even in the zero-friction limit, showing LTE-based wall velocity upper bounds cannot be saturated.
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Bubble wall dynamics from nonequilibrium quantum field theory
The conventional kinetic equation of motion for bubble walls is incomplete, missing a condensate self-energy term that produces additional friction from particle production, mixing, and transition radiation.
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Steady-state bubbles beyond local thermal equilibrium
A new matching condition that includes entropy production reveals that fast detonation bubble walls and slower deflagration walls can both be stable, with the fast solution typically winning in practice.
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Electroweak Phase Transition and Bubble Wall Velocity in Local Thermal Equilibrium
Bubble wall velocities in local thermal equilibrium are computed for three BSM models and found to be nearly universal when expressed via the critical temperature and supercooling, with only deflagration solutions.
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Thermalization effects on the dynamics of growing vacuum bubbles
Bubble-wall terminal velocity depends on plasma thermalization; non-equilibrium and free-streaming regimes give slower or different walls, and stationary solutions can be bypassed by runaways.
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The Bubble Wall Velocity in Local Thermal Equilibrium and Energy Budget with Full Effective Potential
Using the full one-loop effective potential with the LTE approximation, the authors find that for xSM deflagration, bag-model gravitational wave peak predictions can differ by up to 48% in frequency and 90% in amplitu...
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Populating dark sectors with relativistic bubble walls
Relativistic bubble walls can pair-produce dark matter much heavier than the phase transition scale, which then free-streams as warm dark matter.
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