Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:17.470659Z
Paper Citation Record · LEDGER
As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 67 of 67 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.06840.
A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.
Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T22:37:17.470659Z
One-hop event checks from named stored sources.
Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00
Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.
Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links
A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.
Source: cited_works
67 of 67 outbound references displayed
External citation measurements
No source-named external measurement is stored.
Observation 0a287be2-67bd-4035-b723-c1121d674098 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest https://cdn.openai.com/papers/GPTV_System_Card.pdf, 2023
Reference 1
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 4ac889ba-2a7b-4497-969e-7d02ebbdda3e · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest https://sharegpt.com, 2023
Reference 2
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 9d324040-7351-40d1-8e58-4d8d6bbb40b2 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest https://www-cdn.anthropic.com/ de8ba9b01c9ab7cbabf5c33b80b7bbc618857627/Model_Card_Claude_3.pdf, 2024
Reference 3
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 4fc095c5-bcce-4362-ac18-254801f0d5d3 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest https://huggingface.co/datasets/laion/gpt4v-dataset, 2024
Reference 4
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation a5e378aa-f1df-44ce-bbd6-1d0f8620ec8b · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest https://huggingface.co/NousResearch/Nous-Hermes-2-Yi-34B , 2024
Reference 5
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation b571747b-821f-4970-ab66-a7873f24cd97 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Flamingo: a visual language model for few-shot learning
Reference 6
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 989e12f3-2a98-4604-98f0-572d2c14524f · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Lawrence Zitnick, and Devi Parikh
Reference 7
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 3ac63604-86a3-4018-8483-697a7a9175e6 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Openflamingo, Mar
Reference 8
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation e3ffb5c8-188d-411c-9bda-28c431d5f270 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyond
Reference 9
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 5de9a258-b435-4f85-b6b1-ddae3a41fcf0 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Language models are few-shot learners
Reference 10
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 0cbeef1e-5d27-4630-a553-675167a3ac28 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest ALLaVA: Harnessing GPT4V-Synthesized Data for Lite Vision-Language Models
Reference 11
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 9d92596d-9fc0-4e35-bfde-20de194ac905 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Shikra: Unleashing Multimodal LLM's Referential Dialogue Magic
Reference 12
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 25120bb8-baa4-4bee-a1da-a4a6a8a00c24 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest ShareGPT4V: Improving Large Multi-Modal Models with Better Captions
Reference 13
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 84cf5b1f-9838-4111-99fa-1eebf1bff84b · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest CaMML: Context-Aware Multimodal Learner for Large Models
Reference 14
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e435d66c-1fdb-453d-83dd-ea23f37ff8fd · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest How far are we to gpt-4v? closing the gap to commercial multimodal models with open-source suites, 2024
Reference 15
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 330339b1-54f0-4fab-b225-c83bfe411f54 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest MobileVLM V2: Faster and Stronger Baseline for Vision Language Model
Reference 16
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation da9f4376-e813-40b7-9245-661f3807079b · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Instructblip: Towards general-purpose vision-language models with instruction tuning, 2023
Reference 17
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 7cd13423-a335-4eb1-b13c-3259b29aedfe · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Internlm-xcomposer2-4khd: A pioneering large vision-language model handling resolutions from 336 pixels to 4k hd, 2024
Reference 18
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 4640db6b-000f-415c-8d9b-7c2690237bf0 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest An image is worth 16x16 words: Transformers for image recognition at scale
Reference 19
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 1ef0dc13-1c7a-46c4-806e-0624221e56bf · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest MME: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Models
Reference 20
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3a21c9b7-cfd3-4fec-80d0-d08d58f7c302 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Vizwiz grand challenge: Answering visual questions from blind people
Reference 21
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation c556b550-d410-486b-afd0-d835d1f22636 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest CogAgent: A Visual Language Model for GUI Agents
Reference 22
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 079cc4b9-4d25-4ec3-a882-19c9707dce5f · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Hudson and Christopher D
Reference 23
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation c4697619-5555-48a5-bf31-fd9f83e3f969 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Hénaff, Matthew M
Reference 24
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation b4bbc52a-509c-4bfe-8137-2d59fc846468 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Perceiver: General perception with iterative attention
Reference 25
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 3cf6af1a-dea7-4487-9cc0-4173795c0d7d · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Unresolved cited work
Reference 26
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 591e322d-d301-4f49-86fa-f314e6369bdf · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Unresolved cited work
Reference 27
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation d2f2cfe3-d13a-4d97-b3d3-996d296473a4 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Dvqa: Understanding data visualizations via question answering
Reference 28
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 7843d8ba-0381-449d-8b5c-3cf1f1b5cd68 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest A Diagram Is Worth A Dozen Images
Reference 29
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 8d53e7c6-25de-4c16-a365-66306cfef9fa · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Shamma, Michael S
Reference 30
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation e1afaade-87ce-4d1e-bad3-bacf0af06bb2 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Rush, Douwe Kiela, Matthieu Cord, and Victor Sanh
Reference 31
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 12794497-390f-4dd1-a131-303dcc767079 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Seed-bench: Benchmarking multimodal llms with generative comprehension, 2023
Reference 32
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 5ded6dda-4adb-48a2-b999-d05ffc3dd301 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest OtterHD: A High-Resolution Multi-modality Model
Reference 33
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation bb35ca61-05b3-4167-9e45-400fbba3f493 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Unresolved cited work
Reference 34
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 3e4290bf-ee0d-46d3-bfc7-554ede6c0307 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuning
Reference 35
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 2443bf41-9797-4e95-826d-98b34ed56bf3 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Llava-next: Improved reasoning, ocr, and world knowledge, 2024
Reference 36
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 1abdd7bc-d975-4a3d-b3ff-94a8c2699068 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Visual instruction tuning
Reference 37
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation accf8c68-4581-4dfe-a57e-3834d3bb63d9 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?
Reference 38
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 3de3b107-023e-49c7-9f93-5cc5b2c9b169 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest UNIFIED-IO: A unified model for vision, language, and multi-modal tasks
Reference 39
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation a4311996-20f9-404d-ac32-e78646047c19 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Mathvista: Evaluating mathematical reasoning of foundation models in visual contexts
Reference 40
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 5d36567e-9a57-4797-a4db-8fc03cdcd8f2 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Learn to explain: Multimodal reasoning via thought chains for science question answering
Reference 41
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation ffff0f23-5f26-451e-8e93-3658624d185b · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest A survivor in the era of large-scale pretraining: An empirical study of one-stage referring expression comprehension
Reference 42
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation d394467a-a626-49c3-9447-95529818fc5a · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Feast your eyes: Mixture-of-resolution adaptation for multimodal large language models, 2024
Reference 43
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation f5093c0c-ac0d-46d3-85b2-0fc5a29b8acd · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Ok-vqa: A visual question answering benchmark requiring external knowledge
Reference 44
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 643815db-9c99-4828-ad3b-482dac649944 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest ChartQA: A benchmark for question answering about charts with visual and logical reasoning
Reference 45
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation b4ce2632-ae02-4819-9afc-37b92cd0e315 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Unresolved cited work
Reference 46
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 6a537e57-98fe-481b-93f2-3d14dccbf1ab · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Ocr-vqa: Visual question answering by reading text in images
Reference 47
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 57f11aad-dc40-4278-9c8c-0a7153dafbc6 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Gpt-4 technical report, 2023
Reference 48
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 38811b5a-1a36-4c63-a18e-b5d8698edeed · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision
Reference 49
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 644f9a0f-3f3d-4334-af87-ca6ce011f14a · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Deepspeed: System optimizations enable training deep learning models with over 100 billion parameters
Reference 50
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation fbc1b3c0-c457-481f-b7ca-e37b6a1f6c36 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest A-okvqa: A benchmark for visual question answering using world knowledge
Reference 51
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation dd55ed0c-9ba9-42fc-b859-2a79c31590df · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Unified model for image, video, audio and language tasks, 2023
Reference 52
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 2528b9fb-0b48-43cc-b69d-6c13e0ac91c3 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Textcaps: a dataset for image captioningwith reading comprehension
Reference 53
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 01a5cfba-bf17-49c6-9feb-8a83590156c9 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Towards vqa models that can read
Reference 54
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation b1f1336e-84bb-485a-b837-13f6c6bf7ba7 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Chameleon: Mixed-modal early-fusion foundation models
Reference 55
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 81263de6-0bd7-480e-9e89-d89e75387bbf · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models
Reference 56
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 53f83287-8d9f-4f53-a903-57551cc69c45 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Eyes Wide Shut? Exploring the Visual Shortcomings of Multimodal LLMs
Reference 57
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation ec62cae5-d286-45dc-827e-d32018c112ae · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Llama: Open and efficient foundation language models, 2023
Reference 58
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation d5c8882a-c4d9-4b1a-a521-c035ec3b7c72 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Unresolved cited work
Reference 59
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation bd9ee375-7009-48ba-825e-079455b080cf · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Ofa: Unifying architectures, tasks, and modalities through a simple sequence-to- sequence learning framework
Reference 60
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation f6c21bdc-d0a1-4ced-be6a-1080b311c758 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest CogVLM: Visual Expert for Pretrained Language Models
Reference 61
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation e53a4edd-b4df-4dc6-b17a-9165e5a7d895 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Berg, and Tamara L
Reference 62
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 13e047fc-b32f-47a1-81ff-3a562b728ff1 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Mm-vet: Evaluating large multimodal models for integrated capabilities, 2023
Reference 63
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation 71e12d3c-17b0-4a0e-98be-a4dff0d7ba6e · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Mmmu: A massive multi-discipline multimodal understanding and reasoning benchmark for expert agi
Reference 64
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
Observation dc659125-cc7c-43f0-a077-5dd32e9c7da3 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest LLaMA-Adapter: Efficient Fine-tuning of Language Models with Zero-init Attention
Reference 65
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 664cb106-88ba-4595-a124-35a26f2fd489 · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Models
Reference 66
Source-reported events for the cited work
Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.
Observation 625d38c0-d572-49d9-9c86-30596b0c8a6b · outbound
Visual Instruction Tuning with Chain of Region-of-Interest Uni- perceiver: Pre-training unified architecture for generic perception for zero-shot and few-shot tasks
Reference 67
Source-reported events for the cited work
No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.
No inbound Pith citation observations are available.