Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

GPT as ghostwriter at the White House

As of 12 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 18 of 18 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2411.18365.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2411.18365 v1

Coverage vector

measured 18 of 18 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-12T11:19:53.873318Z

measured 18 of 18 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

18 of 18 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy12
unresolved5
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 88a48944-4f5a-439c-be5c-38b7a73506bb · outbound

This paper cites produces outputs that are essentially indistinguishable from (even better than) what humans could produce.

GPT as ghostwriter at the White House produces outputs that are essentially indistinguishable from (even better than) what humans could produce

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:19:54.109142Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation d6cbedc0-9aa6-4516-b3b1-3013904244d5 · outbound

This paper cites we” {we, us, our, ours} in machine-generated texts vs. true ones (6% vs. 3.8%). This is a significant aspect because the lemma “we.

GPT as ghostwriter at the White House we” {we, us, our, ours} in machine-generated texts vs. true ones (6% vs. 3.8%). This is a significant aspect because the lemma “we

Reference 3

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:19:54.086831Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 1f32d802-8a57-44e9-b1aa-019558d41838 · outbound

This paper cites Ac-cording to this measurement and for each president, the GPT version presents a significant higher mean suggesting that the messages tend to be more complex.

GPT as ghostwriter at the White House Ac-cording to this measurement and for each president, the GPT version presents a significant higher mean suggesting that the messages tend to be more complex

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:19:54.028682Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 436125d0-6c26-4786-adef-d04d743d69d1 · outbound

This paper cites As depicted in Table 3, those proportions obtained by GPT are usually shown in italics.

GPT as ghostwriter at the White House As depicted in Table 3, those proportions obtained by GPT are usually shown in italics

Reference 5

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:19:54.065177Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 73d3bc44-eb37-4b31-8287-1be3613654d7 · outbound

This paper cites terrorism.

GPT as ghostwriter at the White House terrorism

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:19:53.993586Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 99d04330-1c3f-4edc-a76e-91f902b37913 · outbound

This paper cites GPT stays at the same high level though (4.4%), empha-sizing the abstraction with references to political institutions or to the nation (e.g., America).

GPT as ghostwriter at the White House GPT stays at the same high level though (4.4%), empha-sizing the abstraction with references to political institutions or to the nation (e.g., America)

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:19:53.968313Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation d1cd8c43-01bd-4b92-9dd1-e029dd153b20 · outbound

This paper cites America”, “American.

GPT as ghostwriter at the White House America”, “American

Reference 10

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:19:54.005545Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 909a8407-5889-4416-8df1-965ae7960454 · outbound

This paper cites Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4.

GPT as ghostwriter at the White House Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:19:53.858780Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 01499fe2-cdc3-484e-b5de-7af4351aeda2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GPT as ghostwriter at the White House Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:19:53.955498Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation b24669fe-1242-4dc5-94cf-c780ddfadbbb · outbound

This paper cites A Survey of Large Language Models.

GPT as ghostwriter at the White House A Survey of Large Language Models

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:19:53.873318Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9cc33422-5149-4244-ab18-7d0ca057798d · outbound

This paper cites I want four-letter words, and I want four sentences to the paragraph.

GPT as ghostwriter at the White House I want four-letter words, and I want four sentences to the paragraph

Reference 41

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:19:54.040611Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 345339a6-f6a5-4955-8d13-f747ae0043bc · outbound

This paper cites In this study, words belonging to the Achieve tag (e.g., first, plan, win, …) form another dedicated category.

GPT as ghostwriter at the White House In this study, words belonging to the Achieve tag (e.g., first, plan, win, …) form another dedicated category

Reference 1984

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:19:53.980823Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation c574dbf5-54fb-4ed2-ad31-f4d099d05a89 · outbound

This paper cites the” (under the label “US Presidents.

GPT as ghostwriter at the White House the” (under the label “US Presidents

Reference 1990

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:19:54.075938Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation caaff7b1-1823-4be0-9c72-d7e51bff3c02 · outbound

This paper cites ads” and “advertisings.

GPT as ghostwriter at the White House ads” and “advertisings

Reference 2002

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:19:54.053077Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 0f4a41ab-b28e-49bd-9b0c-5640811940e0 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GPT as ghostwriter at the White House Unresolved cited work

Reference 2008

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:19:54.016703Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation e2ba90ca-7f0f-4468-a142-9a41683f9c2f · outbound

This paper cites How Close is ChatGPT to Human Experts? Comparison Corpus, Evaluation, and Detection.

GPT as ghostwriter at the White House How Close is ChatGPT to Human Experts? Comparison Corpus, Evaluation, and Detection

Reference 2010

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-12T11:19:53.862789Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6e1d4f8e-1851-4d4d-b967-ad51c92bba51 · outbound

This paper cites New York: Springer.

GPT as ghostwriter at the White House New York: Springer

Reference 2011

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:19:53.943513Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 7ca52e8b-8b5d-4219-92d7-92052958c575 · outbound

This paper cites the president of the.

GPT as ghostwriter at the White House the president of the

Reference 2016

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-12T11:19:54.097622Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.