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A Study of Gradient Variance in Deep Learning

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arxiv 2007.04532 v1 pith:DLFFLL6U submitted 2020-07-09 cs.LG stat.ML

classification cs.LGstat.ML
keywords gradientvariancedeeplearningtrainingaverageclusteringcommon
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The impact of gradient noise on training deep models is widely acknowledged but not well understood. In this context, we study the distribution of gradients during training. We introduce a method, Gradient Clustering, to minimize the variance of average mini-batch gradient with stratified sampling. We prove that the variance of average mini-batch gradient is minimized if the elements are sampled from a weighted clustering in the gradient space. We measure the gradient variance on common deep learning benchmarks and observe that, contrary to common assumptions, gradient variance increases during training, and smaller learning rates coincide with higher variance. In addition, we introduce normalized gradient variance as a statistic that better correlates with the speed of convergence compared to gradient variance.

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Cited by 3 Pith papers

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    VERITAS is a multi-agent system for verifiable hypothesis testing on multimodal clinical MRI datasets that achieves 81.4% verdict accuracy with frontier models and introduces an epistemic evidence labeling framework.

  2. Progressive$^2$: A Teacher-Student Progressive Co-Evolving Knowledge Distillation Method for Substantial Model Compression

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Progressive^2 improves knowledge distillation under large teacher-student capacity gaps by progressively including teacher layers and gradually compressing the student through self-distillation rounds.

  3. Insights from Gradient Dynamics: Gradient Autoscaled Normalization

    cs.LG 2025-09 reject novelty 3.0 of 10

    A hyperparameter-free gradient autoscaling method that zero-centers gradients and multiplies them by a global factor based on gradient standard deviation improves CIFAR-100 accuracy slightly on ResNets, but with weak ...

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