Pith. sign in

REVIEW 4 major objections 4 minor 62 references

Scaling particle-size segregation in wide-ranging sheared granular flows

T0 review · 4 major / 4 minor · reviewed 2026-08-06 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗

Pith's one-line read The standard scaling for granular size segregation works only in a mid-range shear window.

desk verdict A careful DEM study with a genuinely new regime claim for segregation scaling, but the local-environment mapping needs out-of-sample support before I'd bet on the 0.01–0.1 window. read the letter →

arxiv 2507.01248 v1 pith:DUB6FR6K submitted 2025-07-01 cond-mat.soft physics.flu-dynphysics.geo-ph

Tianxiong Zhao , Daisuke Noto , Xia Li , Tomás Trewhela , Hugo N. Ulloa This is my paper · ORCID
classification cond-mat.softphysics.flu-dynphysics.geo-ph
keywords granularsegregationinertialnumberdiscreteelementmethodintrudervelocitycontinuummodelshearedflowquasi-staticregimecollisional
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

This paper uses discrete-element simulations of a sheared granular column to test whether the widely used scaling for particle-size segregation velocity—linear in the local shear rate over pressure, or in the inertial number—holds when flow conditions vary widely. It finds that the scaling is reliable only for inertial numbers between about 0.01 and 0.1, and breaks down in quasi-static creep and in collision-dominated collisional flow. Because continuum segregation models rely on this linear law, they mispredict how fast bidisperse mixtures separate, underestimating segregation in extreme compositions. A sympathetic reader would take the paper as establishing that segregation laws need regime-dependent corrections to be useful across natural and industrial granular flows.

What carries the argument

The central object is the inertial number $I = \dot{\gamma} d / \sqrt{p/\rho}$, the dimensionless ratio of inertial to confining forces that classifies granular flow regimes. The argument compares intruder segregation velocities measured from checkpoint-crossing times against two linear scaling laws in terms of $\dot{\gamma}/p$ and $I$, and then uses the fitted size-ratio function $F(R)$ inside a continuum segregation equation (advection, segregation flux, and diffusion) to predict mixture evolution. The regime boundaries $0.01$ and $0.1$ are identified from where the DEM data depart from the linear collapse.

What would settle it

Run a shear cell at fixed, spatially uniform inertial numbers below $0.01$ (e.g., $I=0.005$) with a single intruder, and measure segregation velocity as $\dot{\gamma}/p$ is varied; if $w_{\mathrm{seg}}$ remains linear in $\dot{\gamma}/p$ in this homogeneous quasi-static setting, then the claimed breakdown is not a property of quasi-static granular segregation itself but of the depth-varying, averaged setup used here.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

In a horizontally sheared granular medium where depth-dependent pressure and shear rate produce inertial numbers from roughly $4\times10^{-4}$ near the bottom to $0.25$ near the top, the authors track single intruder particles and measure their vertical segregation velocity. They show that the data collapse onto the proposed linear scalings, $|w_{\mathrm{seg}}| = F(R)(\dot{\gamma}/p)\,\rho g \bar{d}^2$ and $|w_{\mathrm{seg}}|/\sqrt{g\bar{d}} = G(R)\,I$, only when the local inertial number lies between $0.01$ and $0.1$. At lower $I$, segregation proceeds faster than the linear law predicts, especially for small intruders percolating through large-particle gaps; at higher $I$, segregation is slower than predicted, consistent with collisional dissipation and enhanced diffusion. Feeding the same scaling into a continuum advection-diffusion-segregation model for bidisperse mixtures captures the qualitative direction of segregation but underestimates its rate, with the largest errors (relative center-of-mass error up to about $0.30$) when the segregation interface spends time outside the valid inertial band.

Load-bearing premise

The load-bearing premise is that the local flow state felt by the intruder is accurately captured by the ensemble-averaged background shear rate, pressure, and inertial number at the intruder's height—if strong local fluctuations, force chains, or packing voids make those averages unrepresentative, the apparent breakdown of the scaling outside 0.01–0.1 could be partly an artifact of the averaging.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • Continuum segregation models should only be trusted when the local inertial number of the flow stays within 0.01–0.1; applying them broadly will underestimate segregation in slow, creeping regions and overestimate it in highly agitated regions.
  • The fitted size-ratio function $F(R)$, a power law in $(R-1)$, gives a concrete, testable correction for how segregation velocity depends on particle size ratio in the moderate regime.
  • Extreme mixture compositions (e.g., 25% or 75% small particles) produce the largest model errors because their segregation interface spends significant time outside the valid band, so composition matters as much as shear conditions for prediction quality.
  • Future segregation laws will need to include regime-specific mechanisms—creep and local packing in quasi-static flow, collisional dissipation and diffusion in collisional flow—rather than a single linear rheological response.
  • Local inertial number, not just shear rate or pressure, is the practical diagnostic that determines whether existing scaling laws apply.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • I read the paper as implying that single-intruder calibrations performed under moderate shear may not transfer directly to geophysical flows where much of the bed moves by creep or collisions; this is an extension beyond the paper's explicit statements.
  • A testable next step would be to compute segregation velocity against the intruder's local instantaneous inertial number from its immediate neighborhood rather than the height-averaged background field; if linearity is restored, part of the reported breakdown would be an averaging artifact.
  • The same scaling framework might be extended to density segregation, where the analogous buoyancy-drag balance could show regime boundaries at different inertial numbers; the paper does not make this claim.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

4 major / 4 minor

Summary. The paper uses DEM simulations of a sheared granular bed with a moving, pressure-controlled top boundary to track single intruder particles of various size ratios, and measures their segregation velocities as functions of the ensemble-averaged local shear rate, pressure, and inertial number. The authors report that the linear scaling f_sl = F(R)(γ̇/p)ρg d̄² holds only in a moderate inertial-number window, approximately 0.01 < I < 0.1, and breaks down in both quasi-static and collisional regimes. They then feed the fitted F(R) into a continuum segregation model, compare its predictions with DEM simulations of bidisperse mixtures at three concentrations, and find that the model underestimates segregation, especially for extreme compositions. The paper concludes that existing linear segregation scalings need generalization beyond the intermediate regime.

Significance. If the central claim is correct, this paper would usefully delimit the range of validity of a widely used segregation scaling law and of continuum models based on it, which is an important step for geophysical and industrial applications. The DEM setup is benchmarked against published experiments and prior DEM work, the data are deposited on Zenodo, and the mixture simulations provide a partially independent test of the intruder-fitted scaling. The regime-window claim is, however, not yet supported with the rigor it needs: the scaling parameters and the 0.01 < I < 0.1 boundaries are obtained from the same intruder data that are used to display the collapse, and the load-bearing assumption that ensemble-averaged background fields represent the intruder's local environment is not independently verified, despite the paper itself noting the importance of local packing and fluctuations in the regimes where the scaling fails.

major comments (4)
  1. [§IV B, Fig. 5] The central quantitative claim, 'the scaling holds only within 0.01 < I < 0.1 and breaks down outside', is not established as an out-of-sample result. F(R) and G(R) are fitted to the entire intruder dataset, and the boundaries I_low and I_high are then chosen post hoc from the visual onset of deviations in the same data. Consequently, the mid-range linear collapse is partly a consequence of the fitting procedure, not an independent validation. I ask for an objective breakpoint analysis (e.g., piecewise regression with an information criterion or a cross-validated threshold search) and for prediction errors reported separately for I < 0.01, 0.01 < I < 0.1, and I > 0.1, with parameters fitted only on the mid-range data. This is necessary to support 'holds only within' rather than 'is fitted within'.
  2. [§IV A, §IV B, Appendix B] The load-bearing premise that the intruder experiences the ensemble-averaged background state is not verified in the regimes where the scaling is said to break down. Each measured w_seg is paired with ⟨γ̇⟩ and ⟨p⟩ evaluated at the intruder's height from profiles computed without accounting for the intruder's presence. The paper itself states in §IV A that small intruders move 'more erratically' and 'more scattered', and §V attributes deviations to 'local packing configurations', 'diffusion', and 'collisional dissipation'. In quasi-static and collisional conditions, local force chains, voids, and velocity fluctuations can make the ensemble-mean I a poor proxy for the true local control parameter; the nonlinear behavior outside the window could then be an artifact of plotting against averaged fields. I request a direct test: either intruder-centered measurements of local coordination, void fraction, and local stresses, or uniform-shear DEM simulations at prescribed I spanning the same range, to confirm that the linear scaling genuinely fails in a locally uniform environment rather than merely failing to correlate with the ensemble-mean state.
  3. [§IV C, Figs. 6–8] The mixture comparison is the most independent evidence in the paper, but it does not fully close the gap identified above. It uses the same fitted F(R), the same ensemble-averaged shear-rate and pressure profiles, and the same assumed linear scaling, so the reported errors ε = 0.081, 0.215, and 0.300 could also arise from the diffusivity model, from the background-profile assumption, or from the choice of fitted parameters, rather than specifically from failure of the scaling outside 0.01 < I < 0.1. I suggest three quantitative checks: (i) report the fraction of time each segregation interface spends inside versus outside the claimed window; (ii) run the continuum model with a piecewise or saturated f_sl for I outside the window and show whether ε decreases; (iii) report sensitivity of the results to the diffusivity coefficient A. Without such checks, the attribution of the mixture misprediction to the regime dependence of the scaling is underdetermined.
  4. [§IV C, Eq. (8) and following text] The notation for u0 is ambiguous and, as written, dimensionally inconsistent. In Table II, u0 = 2.5 m/s is the top boundary velocity, but in the fitted shear-rate model ⟨γ̇⟩ = (u0/λ)exp(z/λ) the fitted value is reported as u0 = (9.49 ± 5.00)×10⁻⁶ m/s. These cannot be the same quantity; the fitted prefactor is apparently a velocity scale at z=0 in an exponential velocity profile, not the driving velocity. Since the continuum-model predictions in Figs. 6–8 depend on this fitted profile, the ambiguity must be resolved by renaming the fitted amplitude and stating the velocity profile explicitly with units.
minor comments (4)
  1. [Fig. 5 caption] The text in §IV B refers to 'red circles' for binned means, while the Fig. 5 caption describes them as 'orange circles'; please unify the color description.
  2. [§IV B, Fig. 4 caption] The caption states that deeper colors correspond to higher size ratios R, but the two color families (green for large intruders, brown for small intruders) are not mapped monotonically in an obvious way; please specify the colormap and R-value correspondence.
  3. [Appendix A, Fig. A1] The benchmark comparison with Ferdowsi et al. is described only qualitatively as showing 'similar temporal trends'; adding a quantitative error measure, such as the normalized root-mean-square difference of armor thickness, would strengthen the validation claim.
  4. [§III, Fig. 1 caption] The gray band is described as 'the standard deviation from the ensemble-averaging procedure', but it is not stated whether this is a pointwise standard deviation of the field or of the binning process; please clarify.

Circularity Check

1 steps flagged · score 4.0 of 10

The intruder-data collapse is an in-sample fit, but the regime-breakdown claim is supported by genuine residuals and an independent mixture comparison.

  1. fitted input called prediction [Section IV B, Eq. (6), Fig. 5(a), and Appendix C 2]
    "To determine the best fit values for the coefficient A1 and the power exponent B1, we grouped the |wseg| for the corresponding values of R, and performed a least squares optimization. The process involves minimizing the squared differences between the measured|wseg| and the values predicted by equation 4 using the local ⟨ ˙γ⟩ and ⟨p⟩ distributions (see Appendix C 2). Figure 5(a) displays |wseg| against the scaling for the segregation velocity magnitude fsl in (4)."

    F(R) is optimized by least squares against the very same |wseg| data that Fig. 5(a) then 'validates'; the blue-triangle 'prediction' is the in-sample fit, not an independent forecast. Consequently the apparent mid-range linear collapse, and the associated 0.01 < I < 0.1 validity window, is partly a restatement of the fitting procedure rather than an out-of-sample confirmation. The out-of-range residuals are not forced by the fit, so the central breakdown claim has independent content, but the in-range 'scaling holds' claim is not independently tested. The same issue applies to the inertial scaling G(R) in Fig. 5(b), whose A2 and B2 are also best-fit to the displayed data.

full rationale

The main derivation chain is: (i) measure intruder velocities in DEM; (ii) adopt the Trewhela et al. scaling fsl = F(R)(γdot/p)ρg dbar^2; (iii) fit F(R) to the intruder data; (iv) observe deviations outside 0.01 < I < 0.1; (v) import the fitted F(R) into a continuum model and compare to independent bidisperse mixture DEM. Step (iii)-(iv) contains a genuine in-sample circularity: the Fig. 5 'predictions' are the fitted curve, so the collapse cannot independently establish the scaling. This is mitigated because the breakdown outside the fitted window is a residual pattern not encoded in the fit, and because the mixture comparison (Figs. 6-8) applies the same fitted F(R) to separate DEM mixture simulations, an out-of-sample test with reported errors epsilon = 0.081-0.300. The self-citations to Trewhela et al. are not load-bearing: the scaling is tested against the present DEM data rather than merely assumed. The assumption that ensemble-averaged background fields represent the intruder's local environment is a modeling limitation and a possible alternative explanation, but it is not a circular reduction of the paper's own equations. Overall score 4: one fitted quantity is called a prediction in the intruder collapse, but the central regime-dependence claim rests on genuine residuals and an independent mixture comparison.

Assumptions & free parameters 9 free parameters · 6 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on two imported scaling laws (Trewhela et al., Jing et al.) and a continuum mixture model. The functions F(R), G(R), and H(R) are fitted to the same DEM intruder data used to display the scaling collapse, introducing free parameters that weaken the in-sample agreement. No new particles, forces, or entities are postulated.

free parameters (9)
  • A1 = 7.75 ± 0.28
    Fitted coefficient in F(R) = A1 (R - 1)^B1 for the Trewhela scaling, Eq (6).
  • B1 = 0.19 ± 0.05
    Fitted exponent in F(R) = A1 (R - 1)^B1, Eq (6).
  • A2 = 1.08 ± 0.03
    Fitted coefficient in G(R) = A2 (R - 1)^B2 for the inertial-number scaling, Eq (7).
  • B2 = 0.18 ± 0.04
    Fitted exponent in G(R) = A2 (R - 1)^B2, Eq (7).
  • A3 = 3.27 ± 0.11
    Fitted coefficient in H(R) for the Jing et al. scaling in Appendix D.
  • B3 = 0.18 ± 0.05
    Fitted exponent in H(R) for the Jing et al. scaling in Appendix D.
  • u0 (velocity profile fit) = (9.49 ± 5.00) × 10^-6 m/s
    Fitted velocity scale in the exponential profile v_x = u0 exp(z/lambda) used in the continuum model.
  • lambda = (6.09 ± 0.27) × 10^-3 m
    Fitted e-folding length in the exponential velocity/shear-rate profile used in the continuum model (R^2 = 0.976).
  • Regime boundaries I_low, I_high = 0.01 and 0.1
    Chosen post hoc to describe where the scaling holds; not predicted a priori and not statistically quantified.
assumptions (6)
  • domain assumption Soft-sphere DEM contact model with spring-dashpot forces and Coulomb friction (Eqs 2a and 2b)
    All simulation results depend on this contact model; it is standard for dense granular flows but remains a modeling assumption.
  • domain assumption Continuum segregation equation with segregation flux and diffusion (Eq 3)
    The mixture-theory form is imported from Gray (2018) and used for the continuum model predictions.
  • domain assumption Segregation velocity scaling f_sl = F(R) (gamma_dot/p) rho g dbar^2 (Eq 4)
    This is the scaling under test, imported from Trewhela et al. (2021); the paper does not derive it from first principles.
  • domain assumption w_seg,i = ± f_sl (1 - phi_i) (Eq 5)
    Standard mixture-theory relation linking species velocity to segregation velocity magnitude; used for intruder and mixture interpretation.
  • domain assumption Ensemble-averaged background fields represent the local environment of the intruder
    The intruder velocity is paired with depth-dependent averaged shear rate and pressure; local fluctuations are ignored in assigning I.
  • domain assumption Diffusion coefficient D_sl = A gamma_dot dbar^2 with A = 0.108
    The diffusion constant is taken from Utter and Behringer (2004) and used in the continuum mixture model.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Scaling particle-size segregation in wide-ranging sheared granular flows." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/DUB6FR6K

@misc{pith2026250701248,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Scaling particle-size segregation in wide-ranging sheared granular flows},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/DUB6FR6K}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2507.01248}
}
abstract

Scaling relationships have been proposed to describe shear-driven size segregation based on intruder experiments and simulations. While these models have shown agreement with experimental and numerical results under uniform shear rate, their validity across varying shear-rate conditions remains uncertain. Here, we employ Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations to investigate particle size segregation in sheared granular flows under wide-ranging shear-rate conditions. We find that the scaling between segregation velocity and local rheological conditions holds only within a moderate inertial number range ($0.01 < I < 0.1$), and breaks down in both quasi-static and collisional regimes. Furthermore, we show that this discrepancy leads continuum models to mispredict segregation rates in bidisperse mixtures. These findings emphasize the need for more generalized scaling laws capable of capturing segregation dynamics across a broader spectrum of shear-rate conditions and regimes.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2507.01248 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. FIG. 1. (a) Schematic representation of the DEM simulation setup in LIGGGHTS, with coordinate system [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. FIG. 2. Intruders trajectories with value [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_2.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. FIG. 3. Trajectory, checkpoint, and intruder velocity for a represen [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_3.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (5 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: displays scattered points representing the intruder velocity magnitude |w ∗ seg| at different heights z ∗ as a function of the local η −1 nom calculation. The points are color-coded to indicate data from different size ratios R and cases of large [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figu…
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5. The magnitude of the intruder velocity [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_5.png]
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: FIG. 6. Evolution of the vertical distribution of small particles concentration [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_6.png]
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: FIG. 7. Center of mass (COM) of small and large particles in DEM [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_7.png]
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: FIG. 8. Comparison of segregation dynamics in bidisperse granular mixtures between DEM simulations and CM predictions for the three [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_8.png]

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

62 extracted references · 50 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Trewhela , author C

    author author T. Trewhela , author C. Ancey , \ and\ author J. Gray ,\ title title An experimental scaling law for particle-size segregation in dense granular flows , \ https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2021.227 journal journal J. Fluid Mech. \ volume 916 ,\ pages A55 ( year 2021 ) NoStop

    work page doi:10.1017/jfm.2021.227 2021

  2. [2]

    Jing , author J

    author author L. Jing , author J. M. \ Ottino , author R. M. \ Lueptow , \ and\ author P. B. \ Umbanhowar ,\ title title A unified description of gravity-and kinematics-induced segregation forces in dense granular flows , \ https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2021.688 journal journal J. Fluid Mech \ volume 925 ,\ pages A29 ( year 2021 ) NoStop

    work page doi:10.1017/jfm.2021.688

  3. [3]

    Rosato , author K

    author author A. Rosato , author K. J. \ Strandburg , author F. Prinz , \ and\ author R. H. \ Swendsen ,\ title title Why the brazil nuts are on top: Size segregation of particulate matter by shaking , \ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.58.1038 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 58 ,\ pages 1038 ( year 1987 ) NoStop

    doi:10.1103/physrevlett.58.1038

  4. [4]

    Savage \ and\ author C

    author author S. Savage \ and\ author C. Lun ,\ title title Particle size segregation in inclined chute flow of dry cohesionless granular solids , \ https://doi.org/10.1017/S002211208800103X journal journal J, Fluid Mech. \ volume 189 ,\ pages 311--335 ( year 1988 ) NoStop

    doi:10.1017/s002211208800103x

  5. [5]

    Duran , author J

    author author J. Duran , author J. Rajchenbach , \ and\ author E. Cl \'e ment ,\ title title Arching effect model for particle size segregation , \ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.2431 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 70 ,\ pages 2431 ( year 1993 ) NoStop

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.70.2431

  6. [6]

    author author J. B. \ Knight , author H. M. \ Jaeger , \ and\ author S. R. \ Nagel ,\ title title Vibration-induced size separation in granular media: The convection connection , \ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.3728 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 70 ,\ pages 3728 ( year 1993 ) NoStop

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.70.3728

  7. [7]

    author author J. M. \ Ottino \ and\ author D. V. \ Khakhar ,\ title title Mixing and segregation of granular materials , \ https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fluid.32.1.55 journal journal Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.. \ volume 32 ,\ pages 55--91 ( year 2000 ) NoStop

    work page doi:10.1146/annurev.fluid.32.1.55

  8. [8]

    van der Vaart , author P

    author author K. van der Vaart , author P. Gajjar , author G. Epely-Chauvin , author N. Andreini , author J. Gray , \ and\ author C. Ancey ,\ title title Underlying asymmetry within particle size segregation , \ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.238001 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 114 ,\ pages 238001 ( year 2015 ) NoStop

    work page doi:10.1103/physrevlett.114.238001

Show all 62 references
  1. [9]

    author author J. M. N. T. \ Gray ,\ title title Particle segregation in dense granular flows , \ https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-122316-045201 journal journal Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. \ volume 50 ,\ pages 407--433 ( year 2018 ) NoStop

    doi

  2. [10]

    author author P. B. \ Umbanhowar , author R. M. \ Lueptow , \ and\ author J. M. \ Ottino ,\ title title Modeling segregation in granular flows , \ https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060718-030122 journal journal Ann. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng. \ volume 10 ,\ pages 129--15...

    doi

  3. [11]

    author author F. D. \ C \'u \ n ez , author D. Patel , \ and\ author R. C. \ Glade ,\ title title How particle shape affects granular segregation in industrial and geophysical flows , \ https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2307061121 journal journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. \ volume 121...

    doi

  4. [12]

    F \'e lix \ and\ author N

    author author G. F \'e lix \ and\ author N. Thomas ,\ title title Relation between dry granular flow regimes and morphology of deposits: formation of lev \'e es in pyroclastic deposits , \ https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(04)00111-6 journal journal Earth and Planet. Sci. Let...

    doi

  5. [13]

    author author M. G. \ Kleinhans ,\ title title Sorting in grain flows at the lee side of dunes , \ https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(03)00081-3 journal journal Earth-Sci. Rev. \ volume 65 ,\ pages 75--102 ( year 2004 ) NoStop

    2004 doi

  6. [14]

    author author C. G. \ Johnson , author B. P. \ Kokelaar , author R. M. \ Iverson , author M. Logan , author R. G. \ LaHusen , \ and\ author J. M. N. T. \ Gray ,\ title title Grain-size segregation and levee formation in geophysical mass flows , \ https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JF...

    doi

  7. [15]

    author author B. P. \ Kokelaar , author R. Graham , author J. Gray , \ and\ author J. W. \ Vallance ,\ title title Fine-grained linings of leveed channels facilitate runout of granular flows , \ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.043 journal journal Earth Planet. Sci. Lett...

    doi

  8. [16]

    De Haas , author L

    author author T. De Haas , author L. Braat , author J. R. F. W. \ Leuven , author I. R. \ Lokhorst , \ and\ author M. G. \ Kleinhans ,\ title title Effects of debris flow composition on runout, depositional mechanisms, and deposit morphology in laboratory experiments , \ https...

    doi

  9. [17]

    Chassagne , author R

    author author R. Chassagne , author R. Maurin , author J. Chauchat , author J. Gray , \ and\ author P. Frey ,\ title title Discrete and continuum modelling of grain size segregation during bedload transport , \ https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2020.274 journal journal J. Fluid Mech...

    doi

  10. [18]

    Kostynick , author H

    author author R. Kostynick , author H. Matinpour , author S. Pradeep , author S. Haber , author A. Sauret , author E. Meiburg , author T. Dunne , author P. Arratia , \ and\ author D. Jerolmack ,\ title title Rheology of debris flow materials is controlled by the distance from ...

    doi

  11. [19]

    Dedieu , author H

    author author B. Dedieu , author H. Rousseau , author J. Chauchat , \ and\ author P. Frey ,\ title title Exploring the size ratio impact on an intruder segregating in bedload transport , \ 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.9.104302 journal journal Phys. Rev. Fluids \ volume 9 ,\ pages 104...

    doi

  12. [20]

    Trewhela \ and\ author H

    author author T. Trewhela \ and\ author H. N. \ Ulloa ,\ title title Energetics of particle-size segregation , \ https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2024.1053 journal journal J. Fluid Mech. \ volume 1000 ,\ pages A50 ( year 2024 ) NoStop

    2024

  13. [21]

    author author H. A. \ Makse , author S. Havlin , author P. R. \ King , \ and\ author H. E. \ Stanley ,\ title title Spontaneous stratification in granular mixtures , \ https://doi.org/10.1038/386379a0 journal journal Nature \ volume 386 ,\ pages 379--382 ( year 1997 ) NoStop

    doi

  14. [22]

    Shinbrot \ and\ author F

    author author T. Shinbrot \ and\ author F. J. \ Muzzio ,\ title title Nonequilibrium patterns in granular mixing and segregation. \ https://doi.org/10.1063/1.883018 journal journal Physics Today \ volume 53 ,\ pages 25--30 ( year 2000 ) NoStop

    doi

  15. [23]

    Wormsbecker , author A

    author author M. Wormsbecker , author A. Adams , author T. Pugsley , \ and\ author C. Winters ,\ title title Segregation by size difference in a conical fluidized bed of pharmaceutical granulate , \ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2005.02.006 journal journal Powder Technol. \...

    doi

  16. [24]

    Guillard , author Y

    author author F. Guillard , author Y. Forterre , \ and\ author O. Pouliquen ,\ title title Scaling laws for segregation forces in dense sheared granular flows , \ https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.605 journal journal J. Fluid Mech. \ volume 807 ,\ pages R1 ( year 2016 ) NoStop

    2016 doi

  17. [25]

    Jing , author J

    author author L. Jing , author J. M. \ Ottino , author R. M. \ Lueptow , \ and\ author P. B. \ Umbanhowar ,\ title title Rising and sinking intruders in dense granular flows , \ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.022069 journal journal Phys. Rev. Res. \ volume 2 ,\ page...

    doi

  18. [26]

    Bridgwater , author W

    author author J. Bridgwater , author W. Foo , \ and\ author D. Stephens ,\ title title Particle mixing and segregation in failure zones—theory and experiment , \ https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(85)87033-9 journal journal Powder Technol. \ volume 41 ,\ pages 147--158 ( year 1...

    doi

  19. [27]

    Jing , author J

    author author L. Jing , author J. M. \ Ottino , author P. B. \ Umbanhowar , \ and\ author R. M. \ Lueptow ,\ title title Drag force in granular shear flows: regimes, scaling laws and implications for segregation , \ https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2022.706 journal journal J. Fluid...

    doi

  20. [28]

    Duan , author L

    author author Y. Duan , author L. Jing , author P. B. \ Umbanhowar , author J. M. \ Ottino , \ and\ author R. M. \ Lueptow ,\ title title Segregation forces in dense granular flows: closing the gap between single intruders and mixtures , \ https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2022.12 j...

    doi

  21. [29]

    Tripathi \ and\ author D

    author author A. Tripathi \ and\ author D. Khakhar ,\ title title Numerical simulation of the sedimentation of a sphere in a sheared granular fluid: A granular stokes experiment , \ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.108001 journal journal Phys. Rev. Lett. \ volume 107 ,\...

    doi

  22. [30]

    Fan , author C

    author author Y. Fan , author C. P. \ Schlick , author P. B. \ Umbanhowar , author J. M. \ Ottino , \ and\ author R. M. \ Lueptow ,\ title title Modelling size segregation of granular materials: the roles of segregation, advection and diffusion , \ https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm....

    doi

  23. [31]

    author author A. M. \ Fry , author P. B. \ Umbanhowar , author J. M. \ Ottino , \ and\ author R. M. \ Lueptow ,\ title title Effect of pressure on segregation in granular shear flows , \ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.97.062906 journal journal Phys. Rev. E \ volume 97 ,\ pag...

    doi

  24. [32]

    Frey , author H

    author author P. Frey , author H. L. \ De Micheaux , author C. Bel , author R. Maurin , author K. Rorsman , author T. Martin , \ and\ author C. Ducottet ,\ title title Experiments on grain size segregation in bedload transport on a steep slope , \ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adv...

  25. [33]

    Trewhela , author J

    author author T. Trewhela , author J. M. N. T. \ Gray , \ and\ author C. Ancey ,\ title title Large particle segregation in two-dimensional sheared granular flows , \ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.6.054302 journal journal Phys. Rev. Fluids \ volume 6 ,\ pages 054302 ( ...

    doi

  26. [34]

    author author GDR-MiDi ,\ title title On dense granular flows , \ https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/i2003-10153-0 journal journal Eur. Phys. J. E \ volume 14 ,\ pages 341--365 ( year 2004 ) NoStop

    2004 doi

  27. [35]

    Gaume , author G

    author author J. Gaume , author G. Chambon , \ and\ author M. Naaim ,\ title title Quasistatic to inertial transition in granular materials and the role of fluctuations , \ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.84.051304 journal journal Phys. Rev. E \ volume 84 ,\ pages 051304 ( ye...

    doi

  28. [36]

    Houssais , author C

    author author M. Houssais , author C. P. \ Ortiz , author D. J. \ Durian , \ and\ author D. J. \ Jerolmack ,\ title title Onset of sediment transport is a continuous transition driven by fluid shear and granular creep , \ https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7527 journal journal Nat....

    doi

  29. [37]

    author author J. O. \ Gonzalez , author F. D. \ C \'u \ n ez , \ and\ author E. M. \ Franklin ,\ title title Bidisperse beds sheared by viscous fluids: Grain segregation and bed hardening , \ https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0168415 journal journal Phys. Fluids \ volume 35 ( year 202...

    doi

  30. [39]

    author author D. J. \ Jerolmack \ and\ author K. E. \ Daniels ,\ title title Viewing earth’s surface as a soft-matter landscape , \ https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-019-0111-x journal journal Nat. Rev. Phys. \ volume 1 ,\ pages 716--730 ( year 2019 ) NoStop

    doi

  31. [40]

    Coussot \ and\ author C

    author author P. Coussot \ and\ author C. Ancey ,\ title title Rheophysical classification of concentrated suspensions and granular pastes , \ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.59.4445 journal journal Phys. Rev. E \ volume 59 ,\ pages 4445 ( year 1999 ) NoStop

    doi

  32. [41]

    author author R. S. \ Bancroft \ and\ author C. G. \ Johnson ,\ title title Drag, diffusion and segregation in inertial granular flows , \ https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2021.560 journal journal J. Fluid Mech. \ volume 924 ,\ pages A3 ( year 2021 ) NoStop

    2021 doi

  33. [42]

    Kloss , author C

    author author C. Kloss , author C. Goniva , author A. Hager , author S. Amberger , \ and\ author S. Pirker ,\ title title Models, algorithms and validation for opensource dem and cfd--dem , \ https://doi.org/10.1504/PCFD.2012.047457 journal journal Prog. Comput. Fluid Dyn. \ v...

    arXiv

  34. [43]

    \ Jiang , author X.-Y

    author author Y.-J. \ Jiang , author X.-Y. \ Fan , author T.-H. \ Li , \ and\ author S.-Y. \ Xiao ,\ title title Influence of particle-size segregation on the impact of dry granular flow , \ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2018.09.014 journal journal Powder Technology \ volum...

    doi

  35. [44]

    Ferdowsi , author C

    author author B. Ferdowsi , author C. P. \ Ortiz , author M. Houssais , \ and\ author D. J. \ Jerolmack ,\ title title River-bed armouring as a granular segregation phenomenon , \ https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01681-3 journal journal Nature communications \ volume 8 ,\ pa...

    doi

  36. [45]

    author author H. P. \ Zhu , author Z. Y. \ Zhou , author R. Yang , \ and\ author A. Yu ,\ title title Discrete particle simulation of particulate systems: theoretical developments , \ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2006.12.089 journal journal Chem. Eng. Sci. \ volume 62 ,\ page...

    2006 doi

  37. [46]

    Trewhela ,\ title title Segregation--rheology feedback in bidisperse granular flows: a coupled stokes’ problem , \ https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2024.168 journal journal J

    author author T. Trewhela ,\ title title Segregation--rheology feedback in bidisperse granular flows: a coupled stokes’ problem , \ https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2024.168 journal journal J. Fluid Mech. \ volume 983 ,\ pages A45 ( year 2024 ) NoStop

    2024 doi

  38. [47]

    Pusey , author E

    author author P. Pusey , author E. Zaccarelli , author C. Valeriani , author E. Sanz , author W. C. \ Poon , \ and\ author M. E. \ Cates ,\ title title Hard spheres: crystallization and glass formation , \ https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2009.0181 \ https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2...

  39. [48]

    Dziugys \ and\ author R

    author author A. Dziugys \ and\ author R. Navakas ,\ title title Influence of mechanical properties on mixing and segregation of granular material , \ 10.1016/j.powtec.2007.04.019 journal journal Powder Technology \ volume 189 ,\ pages 485--491 ( year 2007 ) NoStop

    2007 doi

  40. [49]

    Li , author K

    author author C. Li , author K. Dong , author S. Liu , \ and\ author Y. Shen ,\ title title Dem study of particle segregation in the throat region of a blast furnace , \ 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117310 journal journal Powder Technology \ volume 399 ,\ pages 117310 ( year 2022 ) NoStop

    2022

  41. [50]

    author author D. M. \ Mueth ,\ title title Measurements of particle dynamics in slow, dense granular couette flow , \ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.67.011304 journal journal Phys. Rev. E \ volume 67 ,\ pages 011304 ( year 2003 ) NoStop

    doi

  42. [51]

    author author L. B. \ May , author L. A. \ Golick , author K. C. \ Phillips , author M. Shearer , \ and\ author K. E. \ Daniels ,\ title title Shear-driven size segregation of granular materials: modeling and experiment , \ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.81.051301 journal jo...

    doi

  43. [52]

    Artoni , author A

    author author R. Artoni , author A. Soligo , author J.-M. \ Paul , \ and\ author P. Richard ,\ title title Shear localization and wall friction in confined dense granular flows , \ https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.407 journal journal J. Fluid Mech. \ volume 849 ,\ pages 395--4...

    2018 doi

  44. [53]

    author author P. G. \ Rognon , author J.-N. \ Roux , author M. Naa \" m , \ and\ author F. Chevoir ,\ title title Dense flows of bidisperse assemblies of disks down an inclined plane , \ https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2722242 journal journal Phys. Fluids \ volume 19 ( year 2007 ),\...

    doi

  45. [54]

    Trewhela \ and\ author C

    author author T. Trewhela \ and\ author C. Ancey ,\ title title A conveyor belt experimental setup to study the internal dynamics of granular avalanches , \ https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-021-03299-0 journal journal Exp. Fluids \ volume 62 ,\ pages 1--17 ( year 2021 ) NoStop

    doi

  46. [55]

    Pouliquen , author C

    author author O. Pouliquen , author C. Cassar , author P. Jop , author Y. Forterre , \ and\ author M. Nicolas ,\ title title Flow of dense granular material: towards simple constitutive laws , \ https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2006/07/P07020 journal journal J. Stat. Mech.: T...

    doi

  47. [56]

    van der Vaart , author M

    author author K. van der Vaart , author M. van Schrojenstein Lantman , author T. Weinhart , author S. Luding , author C. Ancey , \ and\ author A. Thornton ,\ title title Segregation of large particles in dense granular flows suggests a granular saffman effect , \ https://doi.o...

    doi

  48. [57]

    Jop , author Y

    author author P. Jop , author Y. Forterre , \ and\ author O. Pouliquen ,\ title title A constitutive law for dense granular flows , \ https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04801 journal journal Nature \ volume 441 ,\ pages 727--730 ( year 2006 ) NoStop

    doi

  49. [58]

    Utter \ and\ author R

    author author B. Utter \ and\ author R. P. \ Behringer ,\ title title Self-diffusion in dense granular shear flows , \ https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.69.031308 journal journal Phys. Rev. E \ volume 69 ,\ pages 031308 ( year 2004 ) NoStop

    doi

  50. [59]

    Maguire , author T

    author author E. Maguire , author T. Barker , author M. Rauter , author C. Johnson , \ and\ author J. Gray ,\ title title Particle-size segregation patterns in a partially filled triangular rotating drum , \ https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2023.1022 journal journal J. Fluid Mech. ...

  51. [60]

    Kumawat , author V

    author author S. Kumawat , author V. K. \ Sahu , \ and\ author A. Tripathi ,\ title title Transient segregation of different density granular mixtures , \ https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2025.207 journal journal J. Fluid Mech. \ volume 1008 ,\ pages A53 ( year 2025 ) NoStop

    2025 doi

  52. [61]

    Zhao , author D

    author author T. Zhao , author D. Noto , author X. Li , author T. Trewhela , \ and\ author H. Ulloa ,\ title title Dataset: Scaling particle-size segregation in wide-ranging sheared granular flows , \ https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15272629 journal journal Zenodo \ https://doi...

    doi

  53. [62]

    Thornton , author T

    author author A. Thornton , author T. Weinhart , author S. Luding , \ and\ author O. Bokhove ,\ title title Modeling of particle size segregation: calibration using the discrete particle method , \ https://doi.org/10.1142/S0129183112400141 journal journal International journal...

    doi

  54. [63]

    Wiederseiner , author N

    author author S. Wiederseiner , author N. Andreini , author G. \'E pely-Chauvin , author G. Moser , author M. Monnereau , author J. Gray , \ and\ author C. Ancey ,\ title title Experimental investigation into segregating granular flows down chutes , \ https://doi.org/10.1063/1...

    doi

Pith tools

Reviewed August 6, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.