Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Evaluating Large Language Models for Evidence-Based Clinical Question Answering

As of 22 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 19 of 19 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2509.10843.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2509.10843 v1

Coverage vector

measured 19 of 19 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-15T15:57:11.870689Z

measured 20 of 20 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-18T00:23:21.332115Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-18T00:25:32.869703Z

Reference resolution

19 of 19 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy6
unresolved11
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation bcb98488-40dd-41ff-9e6d-49e7f509fad8 · outbound

This paper cites Guidelines & Statements Search , 2025.

Evaluating Large Language Models for Evidence-Based Clinical Question Answering Guidelines & Statements Search , 2025

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:57:12.314139Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 30dbe4df-1018-41f6-9a25-655f54c99ebc · outbound

This paper cites Search Cochrane Library , 2025.

Evaluating Large Language Models for Evidence-Based Clinical Question Answering Search Cochrane Library , 2025

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:57:12.287059Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 70ef8dc9-8e59-4431-b005-c8eacf219689 · outbound

This paper cites Adams, Felix Busch, Conor Fallon, Marc Huppertz, Robert Siepmann, Philipp Prucker, Nadine Bayerl, Daniel Truhn, Marcus Makowski, Alexander Löser, and Keno K.

Evaluating Large Language Models for Evidence-Based Clinical Question Answering Adams, Felix Busch, Conor Fallon, Marc Huppertz, Robert Siepmann, Philipp Prucker, Nadine Bayerl, Daniel Truhn, Marcus Makowski, Alexander Löser, and Keno K

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:57:11.763055Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2745a473-7938-4cbc-9820-b7ebdbd5b8f8 · outbound

This paper cites PubMedQA: A Dataset for Biomedical Research Question Answering.

Evaluating Large Language Models for Evidence-Based Clinical Question Answering PubMedQA: A Dataset for Biomedical Research Question Answering

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:57:11.768065Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation eaa6e95b-cbb6-4059-98f2-78b3ee41b012 · outbound

This paper cites Evaluating Open-Domain Question Answering in the Era of Large Language Models.

Evaluating Large Language Models for Evidence-Based Clinical Question Answering Evaluating Open-Domain Question Answering in the Era of Large Language Models

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:57:11.774228Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0f46bea3-b453-41d1-b4c3-da0e09238c22 · outbound

This paper cites Gpt versus resident physicians—a benchmark based on official board scores.

Evaluating Large Language Models for Evidence-Based Clinical Question Answering Gpt versus resident physicians—a benchmark based on official board scores

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:57:12.266577Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 0d44aa29-7f2b-43f6-856b-476481a5bf32 · outbound

This paper cites BioASQ - QA : A manually curated corpus for Biomedical Question Answering.

Evaluating Large Language Models for Evidence-Based Clinical Question Answering BioASQ - QA : A manually curated corpus for Biomedical Question Answering

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:57:11.786039Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f046df8d-a272-42c6-97cb-7f0d37ff4dc3 · outbound

This paper cites MedGUIDE: Benchmarking Clinical Decision-Making in Large Language Models.

Evaluating Large Language Models for Evidence-Based Clinical Question Answering MedGUIDE: Benchmarking Clinical Decision-Making in Large Language Models

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:57:11.794516Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3d028c16-2f4b-4767-ac8c-8af172114e6d · outbound

This paper cites Kragen: a knowledge graph-enhanced rag framework for biomedical problem solving using large language models.

Evaluating Large Language Models for Evidence-Based Clinical Question Answering Kragen: a knowledge graph-enhanced rag framework for biomedical problem solving using large language models

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:57:12.246089Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation 38004b69-c1a4-422f-b45d-332e23d7fb2a · outbound

This paper cites Can Large Language Models Match the Conclusions of Systematic Reviews?.

Evaluating Large Language Models for Evidence-Based Clinical Question Answering Can Large Language Models Match the Conclusions of Systematic Reviews?

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:57:11.817415Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5730e682-1ccd-497d-99f9-070caef9d06d · outbound

This paper cites It’s time to bench the medical exam benchmark, 2025.

Evaluating Large Language Models for Evidence-Based Clinical Question Answering It’s time to bench the medical exam benchmark, 2025

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:57:11.824291Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ef0b8d0b-1cf0-4530-af33-dc4b39ccbafe · outbound

This paper cites Pfohl, Heather Cole-Lewis, Darlene Neal, Qazi Mamunur Rashid, Mike Schaekermann, Amy Wang, Dev Dash, Jonathan H.

Evaluating Large Language Models for Evidence-Based Clinical Question Answering Pfohl, Heather Cole-Lewis, Darlene Neal, Qazi Mamunur Rashid, Mike Schaekermann, Amy Wang, Dev Dash, Jonathan H

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:57:11.831315Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0c7ff269-1589-460e-a44c-c63a88ffbaf3 · outbound

This paper cites Generating explanations in medical question-answering by expectation maximization inference over evidence.

Evaluating Large Language Models for Evidence-Based Clinical Question Answering Generating explanations in medical question-answering by expectation maximization inference over evidence

Reference 13

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:57:12.189940Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation cc5da50a-e1b7-4687-92f4-4d904113113d · outbound

This paper cites HealthFC: Verifying Health Claims with Evidence-Based Medical Fact-Checking.

Evaluating Large Language Models for Evidence-Based Clinical Question Answering HealthFC: Verifying Health Claims with Evidence-Based Medical Fact-Checking

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:57:11.844226Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 042b0fa7-1595-4ce4-a6d6-74ee3cc69bd5 · outbound

This paper cites MedREQAL: Examining Medical Knowledge Recall of Large Language Models via Question Answering.

Evaluating Large Language Models for Evidence-Based Clinical Question Answering MedREQAL: Examining Medical Knowledge Recall of Large Language Models via Question Answering

Reference 15

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-15T15:57:12.039092Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation b3a15392-64d2-4fc6-9ece-2b41cd517868 · outbound

This paper cites What Evidence Do Language Models Find Convincing?.

Evaluating Large Language Models for Evidence-Based Clinical Question Answering What Evidence Do Language Models Find Convincing?

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:57:11.854634Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e3eb83bf-ca2e-4428-9af7-9bb8448cca01 · outbound

This paper cites Woolf, Richard Grol, Allen Hutchinson, Martin Eccles, and Jeremy Grimshaw.

Evaluating Large Language Models for Evidence-Based Clinical Question Answering Woolf, Richard Grol, Allen Hutchinson, Martin Eccles, and Jeremy Grimshaw

Reference 17

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-15T15:57:11.943944Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation d5141b22-2827-434e-96c4-42d1c9265c09 · outbound

This paper cites Benchmarking retrieval-augmented generation for medicine.

Evaluating Large Language Models for Evidence-Based Clinical Question Answering Benchmarking retrieval-augmented generation for medicine

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-15T15:57:12.167816Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.

Observation e946e8db-9f49-47b7-a1d3-335d06a97acf · outbound

This paper cites MIRIAD: Augmenting LLMs with millions of medical query-response pairs.

Evaluating Large Language Models for Evidence-Based Clinical Question Answering MIRIAD: Augmenting LLMs with millions of medical query-response pairs

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-15T15:57:11.870689Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 60b077cb-e0be-471b-a74e-db5cbfe18b89 · inbound

Contradictions in Context: Challenges for Retrieval-Augmented Generation in Healthcare cites this paper.

Contradictions in Context: Challenges for Retrieval-Augmented Generation in Healthcare Evaluating Large Language Models for Evidence-Based Clinical Question Answering

Reference 27

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-18T00:25:32.872424Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-22T06:32:14.747728+00:00.