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Negative Sampling in Recommendation: A Survey and Future Directions
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Negative Sampling in Recommendation: A Survey and Future Directions
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Recommender system (RS) aims to capture personalized preferences from massive user behaviors, making them pivotal in the era of information explosion. However, the presence of ``information cocoons'', interaction sparsity, cold-start problem and feedback loops inherent in RS make users interact with a limited number of items. Conventional recommendation algorithms typically focus on the positive historical behaviors, while neglecting the essential role of negative feedback in user preference understanding. As a promising but easy-to-ignored area, negative sampling is proficients in revealing the genuine negative aspect inherent in user behaviors, emerging as an inescapable procedure in RS. In this survey, we first discuss existing user feedback, the critical role of negative sampling and the optimization objectives in RS and thoroughly analyze challenges that consistently impede its progress. Then, we conduct an extensive literature review on the existing negative sampling strategies in RS and classify them into five categories with their discrepant techniques. Finally, we detail the insights of the tailored negative sampling strategies in diverse RS scenarios and outline an overview of the prospective research directions toward which the community may engage and benefit.
Forward citations
Cited by 3 Pith papers
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MASS-DPO: Multi-negative Active Sample Selection for Direct Policy Optimization
MASS-DPO derives a Plackett-Luce-specific log-determinant Fisher information objective to select non-redundant negative samples, matching or exceeding multi-negative DPO performance with substantially fewer negatives ...
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Objective Shaping with Hard Negatives: Windowed Partial AUC Optimization for RL-based LLM Recommenders
Beam-search negatives induce partial AUC optimization in GRPO for LLM recommenders; Windowed Partial AUC and TAWin improve Top-K alignment on four datasets.
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Reinforced Preference Optimization for Reasoning-Augmented Recommendations
RPORec unifies LLM reasoning with a recommendation head through reasoning-augmented modeling and reinforced preference optimization to improve recommendation accuracy and interpretability.
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