Exclusive pion electroproduction off nucleons and nuclei

We present our results for the exclusive electroproduction of pions off nucleons and nuclei at high values of $Q^2$. In electroproduction of nuclei $A(e,e'\pi)$ we consider the Color Transparency (CT) effect recently observed at JLAB. It is shown that the description of $\pi$ production off nucleons is mandatory for the proof of the CT signal at JLAB. We further develop the models for exclusive production of $\pi$ off nucleons at JLAB and HERMES. At first we describe a model based on exclusive-inclusive connection. In the second approach we combine a Regge pole approach with the residual effect of nucleon resonances. The nucleon resonances are described using a dual connection between the exclusive form factors and inclusive deep inelastic structure functions. We present the results for the beam spin azimuthal asymmetries measured at JLAB in exclusive electroproduction of charged and neutral pions.