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Q-ball formation in the gravity-mediated SUSY breaking scenario
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We study the formation of Q-balls which are made of flat directions that appear in the supersymmetric extension of the standard model in the context of gravity-mediated supersymmetry breaking. The full non-linear calculations for the dynamics of the complex scalar field are made. Since the scalar potential in this model is flatter than \phi^2, we have found that fluctuations develop and go non-linear to form non-topological solitons, Q-balls. The size of a Q-ball is determined by the most amplified mode, which is completely determined by the model parameters. On the other hand, the charge of Q-balls depends linearly on the initial charge density of the Affleck-Dine (AD) field. Almost all the charges are absorbed into Q-balls, and only a tiny fraction of the charges is carried by a relic AD field. It may lead to some constraints on the baryogenesis and/or parameters in the particle theory. The peculiarity of gravity-mediation is the moving Q-balls. This results in collisions between Q-balls. It may increase the charge of Q-balls, and change its fate.
Forward citations
Cited by 7 Pith papers
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Fundamental Forces and Scalar Field Dynamics in the Early Universe
The paper shows that generalized scalar weak gravity conjectures imply the parameter conditions for early-universe scalar condensates to fragment into solitonic lumps, which could form dark matter or primordial black holes.
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Hydrodynamic properties in soliton field theory
Soliton formation in complex scalar field theory is framed as sound-mode-induced phase separation, and cylindrical Q-strings are shown to suffer a Rayleigh-Plateau membrane instability that breaks them into spheres.
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PQ-ball and its Real Scalar Analogue in an Expanding Universe
3+1D lattice simulations show PQ-balls form from a rotating complex scalar and decay faster for stronger symmetry breaking, with lifetimes roughly scaling as v^4.
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Hydrodynamic and Rayleigh-Plateau instabilities of Q-strings
Cylindrical Q-strings are linearly unstable to long-wavelength axial perturbations, with a threshold that matches the Rayleigh-Plateau instability λc=2πR for thin-wall solitons.
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Superheavy Q-Balls and Cosmology
Model for cosmological formation of superheavy Q-balls from a broken scale invariance potential that may explain dark matter or early structure formation.
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Non-topological solitons and quasi-solitons
A comprehensive review of non-topological solitons (Q-balls) and quasi-solitons (oscillons), their properties, dynamics, and roles in early-universe physics.
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New Venues in Formation and Detection for Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter
Primordial black holes from scalar-field fragmentation could populate the sub-lunar mass window and be detected through their destruction of compact stars.
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