Foucault imaging and small-angle electron diffraction in controlled external magnetic fields

We report a method for acquiring Foucault images and small-angle electron diffraction patterns in external magnetic fields using a conventional transmission electron microscope without any modification. In the electron optical system that we have constructed, external magnetic fields parallel to the optical axis can be controlled using the objective lens pole piece under weak excitation conditions in the Foucault mode and the diffraction mode. We observe two ferromagnetic perovskite-type manganese oxides, La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_{3}$ and Nd$_{0.5}$Sr$_{0.5}$MnO$_{3}$, in order to visualize magnetic domains and their magnetic responses to external magnetic fields. In rhombohedral-structured La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_{3}$, pinning of magnetic domain walls at crystallographic twin boundaries was found to have a strong influence on the generation of new magnetic domains in external applied magnetic fields.