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Exploring realistic nanohertz gravitational-wave backgrounds

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arxiv 2207.01607 v2 pith:EWZRVT66 submitted 2022-07-04 astro-ph.HE gr-qc

classification astro-ph.HEgr-qc
keywords binariesbackgroundbrightestindividualrealisticsignalstochastictiming
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abstract

Hundreds of millions of supermassive black hole binaries are expected to contribute to the gravitational-wave signal in the nanohertz frequency band. Their signal is often approximated either as an isotropic Gaussian stochastic background with a power-law spectrum, or as an individual source corresponding to the brightest binary. In reality, the signal is best described as a combination of a stochastic background and a few of the brightest binaries modeled individually. We present a method that uses this approach to efficiently create realistic pulsar timing array datasets using synthetic catalogs of binaries based on the Illustris cosmological hydrodynamic simulation. We explore three different properties of such realistic backgrounds which could help distinguish them from those formed in the early universe: i) their characteristic strain spectrum; ii) their statistical isotropy; and iii) the variance of their spatial correlations. We also investigate how the presence of confusion noise from a stochastic background affects detection prospects of individual binaries. We calculate signal-to-noise ratios of the brightest binaries in different realizations for a simulated pulsar timing array based on the NANOGrav 12.5-year dataset extended to a time span of 15 years. We find that $\sim$6% of the realizations produce systems with signal-to-noise ratios larger than 5, suggesting that individual systems might soon be detected (the fraction increases to $\sim$41% at 20 years). These can be taken as a pessimistic prediction for the upcoming NANOGrav 15-year dataset, since it does not include the effect of potentially improved timing solutions and newly added pulsars.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

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    astro-ph.IM 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

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    Cosmic variance does not create false anisotropy detections in pulsar timing array searches when the correct likelihood is used, and the maximum resolvable multipole scales as the number of pulsars rather than its squ...

  7. Searching beyond the fiducial stochastic gravitational wave background in pulsar timing array data using likelihood reweighting

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    A two-stage likelihood reweighting method recovers the parameters and Bayes factor of an added sinusoid signal in simulated pulsar timing data, matching full Bayesian analyses while claiming about a tenfold speedup.

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