Quasi adiabatic dynamics of energy eigenstates for solvable quantum system at finite temperature

It is a fundamental problem to characterize the nonequilibrium processes. For a slowly moving one-dimensional potential, we explore the quasi adiabatic dynamics of the initial energy eigenstates for a confined quantum system interacting with a large reservoir. For concreteness, we investigate a dragged harmonic oscillator linearly interacting with an assembly of harmonic oscillators, and explore the deviation from adiabatic processes by rigorously calculating the so-called persistent amplitude. In this way, we also show that the phase of the persistent amplitudes are common both for the ground and excited states.