Pith. sign in

REVIEW 3 major objections 5 minor 58 references

Short-range magnetic order and multi-stage phase transitions in the easy-plane van der Waals magnet CrCl$_3$

T0 review · 3 major / 5 minor · reviewed 2026-07-13 · grok-4.5

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read CrCl3 hosts highly stable local moments and short-range magnetic order far above its multi-stage transitions, with interlayer exchange flipping from ferro- to antiferromagnetic on cooling.

desk verdict Solid micro-flake FMR/SQUID plus non-local DMFT on CrCl3 short-range order; the interlayer sign-crossover is an extrapolation, not a direct result. read the letter →

arxiv 2607.09421 v1 pith:EZ4XS2SF submitted 2026-07-10 cond-mat.str-el cond-mat.mtrl-sci

T. B. Mazitov , M. I. Panin , A. S. Pakhomov , M. V. Bakhmetiev , E. O. Chiglintsev , A. I. Chernov , A. A. Katanin This is my paper · ORCID
classification cond-mat.str-elcond-mat.mtrl-sci
keywords CrCl3short-rangemagneticordervanderWaalsmagnetDFT+DMFTferromagneticresonanceeasy-planeanisotropyinterlayerexchangemulti-stagephasetransition
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The paper shows that the easy-plane van der Waals magnet CrCl3 maintains robust short-range spin correlations well above its ordering temperatures of roughly 14–17 K. Broadband FMR and SQUID data on microflakes confirm a spin-polarized crossover followed by antiferromagnetic order, yet finite in-plane magnetization and resonance linewidths persist to at least 50–60 K. DFT+DMFT calculations reveal local moments that remain stable at room temperature with lifetimes of 130–300 ps set by a wide Mott gap, together with a rapidly growing in-plane correlation length that signals cluster formation. The same theory finds the interlayer exchange positive (ferromagnetic) at high temperature and negative (antiferromagnetic) in the ordered phase, linking the multi-stage transition to stacking and magnetoelastic effects. A sympathetic reader cares because the material thereby becomes a tunable platform for GHz magnonics and 2D spintronics in which magnetic order can be switched by modest external stimuli.

What carries the argument

Non-local DFT+DMFT evaluation of the dynamic spin susceptibility and exchange parameters Jij, from which the Ornstein–Zernike correlation length ξ and the temperature evolution of intra- and interlayer couplings are extracted and compared with FMR-derived effective magnetization Ms and exchange field HE.

What would settle it

A continuous measurement of interlayer exchange (neutron scattering or high-field FMR) from 20 K to 100 K that shows no sign reversal, or fixed-stacking calculations that keep J_perp positive down to the ordered phase.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

Experiment and non-local DFT+DMFT together establish that CrCl3 possesses highly stable local magnetic moments (room-temperature lifetime 130–300 ps from a wide Mott gap), rapid growth of the in-plane correlation length below room temperature that produces strong short-range order consistent with FMR and SQUID data, and a temperature-driven crossover of the interlayer exchange from ferromagnetic at high T to antiferromagnetic in the low-temperature ordered phase.

Load-bearing premise

The sign change of the interlayer exchange is obtained by linking high-temperature positive DMFT values to the negative low-temperature exchange field measured by FMR, with stacking defects and magnetoelastic coupling invoked to bridge the two regimes.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • Short-range ferromagnetic clusters already form near 100 K and couple strongly to lattice modes, explaining large Raman shifts and optical anomalies well above TN.
  • The 17 K crossover is identified with a Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition inside the layers, after which weak interlayer coupling sets the 3D antiferromagnetic order at 14 K.
  • Because the interlayer exchange is fragile, modest strain, pressure or stacking defects can switch the ground state between ferro- and antiferromagnetic.
  • Long-lived local moments and GHz-range antiferromagnetic resonance make CrCl3 a practical platform for high-frequency magnonics and electrically tunable 2D spintronics.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The hundreds-of-picoseconds local-moment lifetime at room temperature suggests that fluctuating 2D clusters could already be exploited in ambient spintronic devices before long-range order sets in.
  • Intentional introduction of controlled stacking faults may provide a materials-design route to engineer the ferro–antiferromagnetic balance on demand.
  • The same temperature-driven sign crossover of interlayer exchange may appear in other chromium trihalides under strain or gating, offering a family-wide tuning knob.
  • The mean-field overestimate of the correlation-length divergence temperature (≈100 K versus experimental 17 K) points to the need for fluctuation-corrected theories to locate the short-range-order onset quantitatively.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Signed reviews

No signed human review yet.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

3 major / 5 minor

Summary. The manuscript combines broadband FMR and DC SQUID magnetometry on exfoliated CrCl3 micro-flakes with non-local DFT+DMFT calculations to map long- and short-range magnetic order. Experimentally it confirms the known multi-stage sequence (paramagnetic o spin-polarized crossover near 17 K o AFM order at TN \approx 14 K) while documenting persistent finite layer magnetization Ms, elevated susceptibility, and a linewidth peak that together signal robust short-range correlations well above the ordering temperatures. Theoretically it reports a wide Mott gap that stabilizes local moments with room-temperature lifetimes of 130–300 ps, a rapid growth of the in-plane correlation length heta that formally diverges near 100 K (interpreted as the onset of strong SRO), nearly temperature-independent intralayer exchanges, and a temperature-driven sign change of the interlayer exchange from ferromagnetic (high-T paramagnetic DMFT) to antiferromagnetic (low-T FMR-derived HE).

Significance. If the central claims hold, the work supplies a concrete microscopic picture of short-range order in an easy-plane van-der-Waals magnet and links the multi-stage transition to a fragile interlayer coupling that can reverse sign. The combination of independent experimental probes (SQUID + geometry-selective FMR) with parameter-free DFT+DMFT susceptibilities and exchange constants is a genuine strength; the long local-moment lifetimes and the BKT estimate that places TSP near 17 K are falsifiable and useful for magnonics and 2D spintronics. The results therefore advance both the materials understanding of CrCl3 and the broader discussion of how stacking and magnetoelastic effects control interlayer magnetism in the chromium trihalides.

major comments (3)
  1. [Sect. IIIC.2, Fig. 12] Sect. IIIC.2 and Fig. 12: the claimed temperature-driven FM-to-AFM crossover of the interlayer exchange is obtained by extrapolating positive J op computed in the paramagnetic DMFT regime down to the ordered phase and matching its magnitude to the negative HE extracted from FMR below TN. No exchange calculation is performed inside the AFM or SP phases, and the experimental flake is not structurally characterized for residual monoclinic stacking or defects. Without a continuous connection between the two regimes (or an explicit ordered-phase computation), the sign-change interpretation remains an inference rather than a demonstrated result and should be either strengthened or clearly caveated as a hypothesis.
  2. [Sect. IIIC.1, Fig. 10] Sect. IIIC.1 and Fig. 10: the formal divergence of heta at T* o 100 K is acknowledged as a mean-field artifact of DMFT, yet the abstract and discussion still present the rapid growth of heta as direct microscopic evidence for the experimental SRO that onsets near 17–50 K. A quantitative bridge (e.g., renormalization of the DMFT scale or comparison with a beyond-DMFT estimate) is needed if the theoretical heta(T) is to be used as support for the experimental claims rather than merely as a qualitative illustration.
  3. [Sect. IIIC.2, Eq. (4)] Sect. IIIC.2, Eq. (4): the BKT estimate TBKT = 18 K that is identified with TSP relies on literature values Esia + Edip = 53.8 heta eV and a spin-wave stiffness D = 17 meV·Å^{2} extracted from the calculated exchanges. Sensitivity of TBKT to reasonable variations in these inputs (and to the precise form of the logarithmic formula) should be shown so that the numerical coincidence with the experimental crossover is not over-interpreted.
minor comments (5)
  1. [Fig. 6b] Fig. 6b: open circles for HE above TN are shown but declared “not physically meaningful”; either remove them or provide a clearer justification for their inclusion.
  2. [Abstract, Fig. 9] Abstract and p. 5: the lifetime range is quoted as 130–300 ps, while the inset of Fig. 9 reaches ~300 ps only at room temperature; a single consistent statement would avoid confusion.
  3. [Eqs. (2)–(3)] Eqs. (2)–(3): the gyromagnetic ratio is written heta/2 heta o 28 GHz/T; a brief note that this is the free-electron value (or the measured value for CrCl3) would help readers.
  4. [Figs. 4, 5, 8] Several figure captions (Figs. 4, 5, 8) use “SRO-PM” without first defining the acronym in the main text; introduce it explicitly when the phase diagram is first discussed.
  5. Typographical inconsistencies: “N´ eel” vs “Neel”, “R ¯3” vs “R¯3”, and occasional missing spaces around units appear throughout; a uniform style pass is needed.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 1.0 of 10

No significant circularity: experiment (FMR/SQUID) and DFT+DMFT are independent; only minor methodological self-citations of prior FMR setup and DMFT codes, plus a non-load-bearing BKT formula citation by a co-author.

full rationale

The paper's central claims (stable local moments with long lifetime from Re χ_s(ω) peak width, rapid growth of in-plane ξ from Ornstein-Zernike fits of χ_q, multi-stage transitions from SQUID/FMR cusps and linewidth, and high-T positive J_inter from DMFT) rest on independent experimental data and first-principles Bethe-Salpeter susceptibilities. Exchange parameters are not fitted to T_N or T_SP; the BKT estimate (Eq. 4) is an interpretive comparison using a standard formula and literature anisotropy, not a derivation that forces the observed transitions. The interlayer sign-crossover is an extrapolation connecting high-T paramagnetic DMFT J_⊥ to low-T FMR H_E, not a closed self-referential loop. Methodological self-citations ([27],[28] for FMR geometry; [34-37] for Wan2mb/CT-QMC) supply tools but do not define or force the results. No self-definitional equations, fitted-input-as-prediction, uniqueness theorems, or renamed known patterns appear. Score 1 reflects only the minor, non-load-bearing self-citations.

Assumptions & free parameters 4 free parameters · 5 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The central narrative rests on standard many-body and magnetic-resonance machinery plus a few domain-level modeling choices (easy-plane Heisenberg/BKT estimate, Ornstein–Zernike ξ, identification of HE with interlayer J). No new particles or forces are invented. Free parameters are limited to conventional Curie–Weiss and FMR fit constants and literature anisotropy values used in the BKT estimate.

free parameters (4)
  • Curie–Weiss θ, C, χ0
    Fitted to high-T inverse susceptibility (Fig. 3, Eq. 1) to extract θ ≈ 30±9 K and μeff ≈ 4.5±0.3 μB; used to argue dominant FM correlations above ordering.
  • Effective layer magnetization Ms and interlayer exchange field HE
    Extracted by fitting acoustic and Kittel mode frequencies (Eqs. 2–3) at each temperature; HE at low T is then compared to theoretical J⊥.
  • Anisotropy combination Esia + Edip = 53.8 μeV
    Taken from literature [24] and inserted into the BKT formula (Eq. 4) to obtain TBKT ≈ 18 K; not re-derived here.
  • Spin-wave stiffness D = 17 meV·Å²
    Obtained from the calculated exchange interactions and used in the same BKT estimate; intermediate computed quantity treated as input to TBKT.
assumptions (5)
  • domain assumption DFT+DMFT with CT-QMC impurity solver and Bethe–Salpeter non-local susceptibilities adequately describes local moments and exchange in CrCl3
    Methods §II.B and results §IIIC; known mean-field overestimate of ordering scales is acknowledged but still used to define the SRO temperature scale T* ~ 100 K.
  • domain assumption Easy-plane XY anisotropy allows a Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless estimate for the ~17 K crossover
    §IIIC.2, Eq. 4; maps TSP to vortex–antivortex binding within layers.
  • domain assumption Acoustic/optical FMR modes and Kittel formula correctly yield Ms and HE for the canted AFM and spin-polarized regimes
    §IIIA, Eqs. 2–3; standard for layered antiferromagnets.
  • standard math Ornstein–Zernike form χq ∝ (q² + ξ⁻²)⁻¹ defines the magnetic correlation length
    §IIIC.1; used to extract ξ(T) from DMFT susceptibilities.
  • ad hoc to paper Stacking defects and magnetoelastic coupling can reverse the sign of interlayer exchange between high-T and low-T regimes
    §IIIC.2 and Discussion; invoked to reconcile positive high-T DMFT J⊥ with negative low-T HE and the fragile FM–AFM balance, without direct structural measurement on the measured flakes.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Short-range magnetic order and multi-stage phase transitions in the easy-plane van der Waals magnet CrCl$_3$." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/EZ4XS2SF

@misc{pith2026260709421,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Short-range magnetic order and multi-stage phase transitions in the easy-plane van der Waals magnet CrCl$_3$},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/EZ4XS2SF}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2607.09421}
}
abstract

We investigate the evolution of spin correlations and the nature of the multi-stage magnetic transition in the quasi-two-dimensional easy-plane van der Waals magnet $\rm CrCl_3$. By combining broadband ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy and DC SQUID magnetometry on mechanically exfoliated micro-flakes with non-local dynamical mean-field theory (DFT+DMFT) calculations, we analyze both long- and short range magnetic order in CrCl$_3$. Experimentally, SQUID and FMR measurements confirm the presence of the crossover to a spin polarized phase with the subsequent transition into an antiferromagnetic ground state upon cooling, but show robust short-range correlations at temperatures far above the magnetic ordering temperatures. Theoretically, we show the existence of highly stable local magnetic moments at room temperature, with a giant room temperature lifetime $\tau$ of 130--300 ps due to a wide Mott bandgap. Below room temperature, a rapid growth of the in-plane correlation length $\xi$ signals the formation of strong short range magnetic order consistent with the experimental observations. We also obtain a temperature-driven crossover of the interlayer exchange interaction, which changes from positive (ferromagnetic) at high temperatures to negative (antiferromagnetic) in the low-temperature ordered phase.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2607.09421 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. FIG. 1. The scheme of FMR experiment: geometries with [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p002_1.png] view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. FIG. 3. Inverse magnetic susceptibility; fit shows modified [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. FIG. 2. SQUID measurements: a) temperature dependence [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p003_2.png] view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (7 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: FIG. 4. a-c) FMR intensity colormaps measured when [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_4.png]
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: FIG. 6. Temperature dependence of a) effective magnetiza [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_6.png]
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: FIG. 5. Temperature dependence of acoustic and ferromag [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p004_5.png]
Figure 7
Figure 7. Figure 7: FIG. 7. Temperature dependence of the resonance linewidth. [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_7.png]
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: FIG. 9. (Color online). Temperature evolution of the dynamic [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p005_9.png]
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: FIG. 10. (Color online). Temperature evolution of the mag [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_10.png]
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: FIG. 12. (Color online). Interlayer exchange interaction [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_12.png]

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

58 extracted references

  1. [1]

    In spite of this, the temperature evo- lution of the real part of dynamic local spin susceptibil- FIG

    Local magnetic moments and correlation length Although in DFT approach CrCl3 appears to be metal- lic, in DFT+DMFT approach the gap∼3.5 eV in the electronic spectrum is opened by correlation effects (mainly by Hund exchange), as it was discussed in a re- cent study [47]. In spite of this, the temperature evo- lution of the real part of dynamic local spin ...

  2. [2]

    critical

    Magnetic exchange and BKT temperature The temperature dependence of the calculated ex- change parametersJ ij (Fig. 11) elucidates the stability FIG. 11. (Color online). Temperature evolution of the intra- and interplane exchange interactions: nearest-neighbor in- plane exchangeJ 1 (red lines/symbols), next-nearest-neighbor in-plane exchangeJ 2 (grey lines...

  3. [3]

    This leads to the standard resultT SP(h)≃T SP(0) =T BKT+A/ln 2(B/J⊥) (A, Bare some constants) [48, 49]

    magnetic field induces only small change of magnetic transition temperature, since the magnetic fluctuations are cut by larger interlayer exchange. This leads to the standard resultT SP(h)≃T SP(0) =T BKT+A/ln 2(B/J⊥) (A, Bare some constants) [48, 49]. At the same time, at h > αJ ⊥ the magnetic field serves as a cutoff of the easy plane magnetic fluctuatio...

  4. [4]

    MacNeill, J

    D. MacNeill, J. T. Hou, D. R. Klein, P. Zhang, P. Jarillo- Herrero, and L. Liu, Atomically Thin CrCl 3: An In- Plane Layered Antiferromagnetic Insulator, Nano Lett. 19, 3559 (2019)

    2019

  5. [5]

    Ebrahimian, A

    A. Ebrahimian, A. Dyrda l, and A. Qaiumzadeh, Control of magnetic states and spin interactions in bilayer CrCl 3 with strain and electric fields: an ab initio study, Sci. Rep.13, 5336 (2023)

    2023

  6. [6]

    I. Lee, J. Cen, O. Molchanov, S. Feng, W. L. Huey, J. van Tol, J. E. Goldberger, N. Trivedi, H.-Y. Kee, and P. C. Hammel, Spin-orbit coupling controlled 2D magnetism in chromium trihalides, Phys. Rev. B113, 014402 (2026)

    2026

  7. [7]

    Dupont, Y

    M. Dupont, Y. O. Kvashnin, M. Shiranzaei, J. Frans- son, N. Laflorencie, and A. Kantian, Monolayer CrCl 3 as an Ideal Test Bed for the Universality Classes of 2D Magnetism, Phys. Rev. Lett.127, 037204 (2021)

    2021

  8. [8]

    Soriano, M

    D. Soriano, M. I. Katsnelson, and J. Fern´ andez-Rossier, Magnetic Two-Dimensional Chromium Trihalides: A Theoretical Perspective, Nano Lett.20, 6225 (2020)

    2020

Show all 58 references
  1. [9]

    Mishra and T

    P. Mishra and T. Baruah, Magnetic properties of CrX 3 (X = Cl, Br, I) monolayers in excited states, J. Mater. Chem. C12, 5961 (2024)

    2024

  2. [10]

    F. Xue, Y. Hou, Z. Wang, and R. Wu, Two-dimensional ferromagnetic van der Waals CrCl 3 monolayer with en- hanced anisotropy and Curie temperature, Phys. Rev. B 100, 224429 (2019)

    2019

  3. [11]

    Huang, G

    B. Huang, G. Clark, E. Navarro-Moratalla, D. R. Klein, R. Cheng, K. L. Seyler, D. Zhong, E. Schmidgall, M. A. McGuire, D. H. Cobden, W. Yao, D. Xiao, P. Jarillo- Herrero, and X. Xu, Layer-dependent ferromagnetism in a van der Waals crystal down to the monolayer limit, Nature54...

    2017

  4. [12]

    J. Si, S. Liu, B. Wang, C. Wang, F. Ren, Y. Jia, and J.- H. Cho, Contrasting magnetic anisotropy in CrCl 3 and CrBr3: A first-principles study, Phys. Rev. Materials9, 173414 (2025)

    2025

  5. [13]

    Webster and J.-A

    L. Webster and J.-A. Yan, Strain-tunable magnetic anisotropy in monolayer CrCl 3, CrBr 3, and CrI 3, Phys. 9 Rev. B98, 144411 (2018)

    2018

  6. [14]

    Bedoya-Pinto et al., Intrinsic 2D-XY ferromagnetism in a van der Waals monolayer, Science374, 616 (2021)

    A. Bedoya-Pinto et al., Intrinsic 2D-XY ferromagnetism in a van der Waals monolayer, Science374, 616 (2021)

    2021

  7. [15]

    D. R. Klein, D. MacNeill, Q. Song, D. T. Larson, S. Fang, M. Xu, R. A. Ribeiro, P. C. Canfield, E. Kaxiras, R. Comin, and P. Jarillo-Herrero, Enhancement of inter- layer exchange in an ultrathin two-dimensional magnet, Nat. Phys.15, 1255 (2019)

    2019

  8. [16]

    X. Cai, T. Song, N. P. Wilson, G. Clark, M. He, X. Zhang, P. Lam, H. A. Ochoa-Martinez, W. Yao, D. Xiao, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, M. A. McGuire, and X. Xu, Atomically Thin CrCl 3: An In-Plane Layered Antiferro- magnetic Insulator, Nano Lett.19, 3993 (2019)

    2019

  9. [17]

    MacNeill, J

    D. MacNeill, J. T. Hou, D. R. Klein, P. Zhang, P. Jarillo- Herrero, and L. Liu, Gigahertz Frequency Antiferromag- netic Resonance and Strong Magnon-Magnon Coupling in the Layered Crystal CrCl 3, Phys. Rev. Lett.123, 047204 (2019)

    2019

  10. [18]

    J. A. Schneeloch, Y. Tao, A. Hoser, et al., Gapless Dirac magnons in CrCl 3, npj Quantum Mater.7, 66 (2022)

    2022

  11. [19]

    M. A. McGuire, G. Clark, S. KC, W. M. Chance, G. E. Jellison, Jr., V. R. Cooper, X. Xu, and B. C. Sales, Mag- netic behavior and spin-lattice coupling in cleavable van der Waals layered CrCl 3 crystals, Phys. Rev. Materials 1, 014001 (2017)

    2017

  12. [20]

    H.H. Kim, B. Yang, S. Li, S. Jiang, C. Jin, Z. Tao, G. Nichols, F. Sfigakis, S. Zhong, C. Li, S. Tian, D.G. Cory, G. Miao, J. Shan, K.F. Mak, H. Lei, K. Sun, L. Zhao, and A.W. Tsen, Evolution of interlayer and intralayer magnetism in three atomically thin chromium trihalides, ...

    2019

  13. [21]

    Takahashi, Modified spin-wave theory of a square- lattice antiferromagnet, Phys

    M. Takahashi, Modified spin-wave theory of a square- lattice antiferromagnet, Phys. Rev. B40, 2494 (1989)

    1989

  14. [22]

    Yoshioka, Boson Mean Field Theory of the Square Lattice Heisenberg Model, J

    D. Yoshioka, Boson Mean Field Theory of the Square Lattice Heisenberg Model, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.58, 3733 (1989)

    1989

  15. [23]

    Kipczak, T

    L. Kipczak, T. Wo´ zniak, C. K. Mohanty, I. Antoni- azzi, J. Iwa´ nski, P. Oliwa, J. Paw lowski, M. Kala- iarasan, Z. Sofer, A. Wysmo lek, et. al., Strong Spin- Lattice Interaction in Layered Antiferromagnetic CrCl 3, ArXiv:2601.16927 (2026)

    2026

  16. [24]

    J. A. Schneeloch, A. A. Aczel, F. Ye, and D. Louca, Role of stacking defects on the magnetic behavior of CrCl 3, Phys. Rev. B110, 144439 (2024)

    2024

  17. [25]

    Kesarwani, S

    R. Kesarwani, S. Khanal, M. Zacek, M. Veverka, V. Va- rade, P. Dolezal, L. Horak, V. Holy, M. Kalbac and J. Ve- jpravova, Investigation of temperature-dependent struc- tural and magnetic phase transitions in CrCl 3 nanocrys- tals, J. Alloys Compd.1027180468 (2025)

    2025

  18. [26]

    Besbes, S

    O. Besbes, S. Nikolaev, N. Meskini, and I. V. Solovyev, Microscopic origin of ferromagnetism in trihalides CrCl 3 and CrI3, Phys. Rev. B99, 104432 (2019)

    2019

  19. [27]

    Yadav, L

    R. Yadav, L. Xu, M. Pizzochero et al., Electronic ex- citations and spin interactions in chromium trihalides from embedded many-body wavefunctions, npj 2D Mater Appl 8, 56 (2024)

    2024

  20. [28]

    Y. O. Kvashnin, A. Bergman, A. I. Lichtenstein, and M. I. Katsnelson, Relativistic exchange interactions in CrX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) monolayers, Phys. Rev. B102, 115162 (2020)

    2020

  21. [29]

    Craco, S

    L. Craco, S. S. Carara, Y.-C. Shao, Y.-D. Chuang, and B. Freelon, Electronic structure of rhombohedral CrX 3 (X = Br, Cl, I) van der Waals crystals, Phys. Rev. B 103, 235119 (2021)

    2021

  22. [30]

    M. I. Panin, A. S. Pakhomov, E. O. Chiglintsev, K. V. Shevyakova, B. V. Koschei, D. M. Gonoboblev, E. N. Korobkin, I. A. Zavidovskiy, V. Kumar, A. Singh, and others, Spin Dynamics Measurements in Micron- Sized van-der-Waals Antiferromagnets, Phys. Stat. Sol. (b)e202500423(2025)

    2025

  23. [31]

    M. I. Panin, N. E. Kupchinskaya, M. V. Bakhmetiev, R. B. Morgunov, V. N. Berzhansky, V. I. Belotelov, S. N. Polulyakh, and A. I. Chernov, Exploring magnetic anisotropy in garnet films at low temperatures, Journal of Applied Physics137, 043904 (2025)

    2025

  24. [32]

    Giannozzi et al, QUANTUM ESPRESSO: a modular and open-source software project for quantum simula- tions of materials, J

    P. Giannozzi et al, QUANTUM ESPRESSO: a modular and open-source software project for quantum simula- tions of materials, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 21 395502 (2009)

    2009

  25. [33]

    Giannozzi et al, Advanced capabilities for materials modelling with Quantum ESPRESSO, J

    P. Giannozzi et al, Advanced capabilities for materials modelling with Quantum ESPRESSO, J. Phys.: Con- dens. Matter29, 465901 (2017)

    2017

  26. [34]

    Prandini, A

    G. Prandini, A. Marrazzo, I. E. Castelli, N. Mounet, and N. Marzari, Precision and efficiency in solid-state pseu- dopotential calculations, Comput. Mater.4, 72 (2018), http://materialscloud.org/sssp

    2018

  27. [35]

    Morosin, A

    B. Morosin, A. Narath, X-Ray Diffraction and Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Studies of Chromium Trichloride, J. Chem. Phys.40, 1958

    1958

  28. [36]

    Pizzi et al, Wannier90 as a community code: new features and applications, J

    G. Pizzi et al, Wannier90 as a community code: new features and applications, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter32, 165902 (2020)

    2020

  29. [37]

    A. A. Katanin, A. S. Belozerov, A. I. Lichtenstein and M. I. Katsnelson, Exchange interactions in iron and nickel: DFT+DMFT study in paramagnetic phase, Phys. Rev. B 107, 235118 (2023)

    2023

  30. [38]

    A. A. Katanin, DFT+DMFT study of exchange interac- tions in cobalt and their implications for the competition of hcp and fcc phases, Phys. Rev. B108, 235170 (2023)

    2023

  31. [39]

    A. A. Katanin, Magnetic properties of half metal from the paramagnetic phase: DFT+DMFT study of ex- change interactions in CrO 2, Phys. Rev. B110, 155115 (2024)

    2024

  32. [40]

    A. A. Katanin and E. M. Agapov, Magnetic properties of monolayer, multilayer, and bulk CrTe 2, Phys. Rev. B111, 035118 (2025); Erratum: Magnetic properties of monolayer, multilayer, and bulk CrTe2, Phys. Rev. B 113, 119901 (2026)

    2025

  33. [41]

    Werner, A

    P. Werner, A. Comanac, L. de’ Medici, M. Troyer, and A. J. Millis, Continuous-time solver for quantum impurity models, Phys. Rev. Lett.97, 076405 (2006)

    2006

  34. [42]

    Huang, et al, iQIST: An open source continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo impurity solver toolkit, Comput

    L. Huang, et al, iQIST: An open source continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo impurity solver toolkit, Comput. Phys. Commun.195, 140 (2015)

    2015

  35. [43]

    A. A. Katanin, Improved treatment of fermion-boson vertices and Bethe-Salpeter equations in nonlocal exten- sions of dynamical mean field theory, Phys. Rev. B 101, 035110 (2020)

    2020

  36. [44]

    A. A. Katanin, Generalized dynamical mean-field theory of two-sublattice systems with long-range interactions and its application to study charge and spin correlations in graphene, Phys. Rev. B104, 245142 (2021)

    2021

  37. [45]

    Kumar, A

    V. Kumar, A. Jangid, M. Sharma, M. Verma, J. Pasyan- thi, K. S. Kumar, P. Sharma, E. O. Chiglintsev, M. I. Panin, S. N. Punnathanam, A. I. Chernov, A. Govind Rajan, A. Singh, Tailored Vapor Deposition Unlocks Large-Grain, Wafer-Scale Epitaxial Growth of 2D Mag- netic CrCl3, Ad...

    2026

  38. [46]

    Zhang, Y

    Q. Zhang, Y. Sun, Z. Lu, et al., Zero-field magnon–photon coupling in antiferromagnet CrCl 3, Appl. Phys. Lett.119, 102402 (2021)

    2021

  39. [47]

    Y. Sun, L. Yan, J. Xue, Y. Zhao, Y. Tian, S. Yan, J. Rao, and L. Bai, Temperature-controlled strong magnon coupling in the van der Waals antiferromagnet CrCl 3, Phys. Rev. B111, 134420 (2025)

    2025

  40. [48]

    L. N. Kapoor, S. Mandal, P. C. Adak, M. Patankar, S. Manni, A. Thamizhavel, and M. M. Deshmukh, Ob- servation of standing spin waves in a van der Waals mag- netic material, Advanced Materials,33, 2005105 (2021)

    2021

  41. [49]

    Chehab, J

    S. Chehab, J. Amiell, P. Biensan, and S. Flandrois, Two- dimensional ESR behaviour of CrCl 3, Physica B: Con- densed Matter173, 211 (1991)

    1991

  42. [50]

    Ermolaev, T

    G. Ermolaev, T. Mazitov, A. Minnekhanov, A. Maz- itov, G. Tselikov, A. Slavich, M. Tatmyshevskiy, M. Kashchenko, N. Pak, A. Vyshnevyy, et al., Giant exciton binding energy in bulk CrCl 3, arXiv:2505.00920 (2025)

    2025

  43. [51]

    V. Yu. Irkhin and A. A. Katanin, Kosterlitz-Thouless and magnetic transition temperatures in layered magnets with a weak easy-plane anisotropy, Phys. Rev. B 60, 2990 (1999)

    1999

  44. [52]

    Hikami and T

    S. Hikami and T. Tsuneto, Phase Transition of Quasi- Two Dimensional Planar System, Progr. Theor. Phys. 63, 387 (1980)

    1980

  45. [53]

    Bykovetz, A

    N. Bykovetz, A. Hoser, and C. L. Lin, Critical region phase transitions in the quasi-2D magnet CrCl 3, AIP Advances9, 035029 (2019)

    2019

  46. [54]

    A. S. Ahmad, Y. Liang, M. Dong, X. Zhou, L. Fang, Y. Xia, J. Dai, X. Yan, X. Yu, J. Dai, G. Zhang, W. Zhang, Y. Zhao, and S. Wang, Pressure-driven switching of magnetism in layered CrCl3, Nanoscale,12, 22935 (2020)

    2020

  47. [55]

    Imry and S

    Y. Imry and S. Ma, Random-Field Instability of the Or- dered State of Continuous Symmetry, Phys. Rev. Lett., 35, 1399 (1975)

    1975

  48. [56]

    L. Zhu, X. Zeng, H. Luo, et al., Theoretical Raman Study of In-Plane Spin–Phonon Coupling in a CrCl 3 Mono- layer, J. Phys. Chem. C129, 9954 (2025)

    2025

  49. [57]

    M. A. McGuire, H. Dixit, V. R. Cooper, and B. C. Sales, Coupling of Crystal Structure and Magnetism in the Layered, Ferromagnetic Insulator CrI3, Chem. Mater.27, 612 (2015)

    2015

  50. [58]

    Jiang, J

    S. Jiang, J. Shan, and K. F. Mak, Electric-field switching of two-dimensional van der Waals magnets, Nat. Mater. 17, 406 (2018)

    2018

Pith tools

Reviewed July 13, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.