Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning

As of 12 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 44 of 44 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2606.02857.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2606.02857 v1

Coverage vector

measured 44 of 44 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

measured 44 of 44 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

44 of 44 outbound references displayed

verified exact3
verified fuzzy0
unresolved41
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation b7925ba4-fde3-401d-bc37-2261d37412ad · outbound

This paper cites International Conference on Learning Representations , volume=.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning International Conference on Learning Representations , volume=

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 36c6641c-cf55-431a-9da9-7a68c7750b21 · outbound

This paper cites Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems , volume=.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems , volume=

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e152103f-9e69-4e9b-a63c-eb93430bab79 · outbound

This paper cites Neurocomputing , volume=.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Neurocomputing , volume=

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ca949510-2c58-43a4-abd9-1a5f926e0362 · outbound

This paper cites International Conference on Learning Representations , year=.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning International Conference on Learning Representations , year=

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 036881c3-45c3-4325-a34b-0a20686ce626 · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Machine Learning , series=.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Machine Learning , series=

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2e45dc47-fc07-4f27-ad82-da1aa91dcf5f · outbound

This paper cites , booktitle=.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning , booktitle=

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d8d65afa-84ad-4920-b754-f6c119ce1a18 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4c0182fc-29c4-4ad7-a52b-4d6e25c82982 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5adc9c38-99dc-4a5c-9b76-7f5bb41fdac2 · outbound

This paper cites 2025 , doi=.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning 2025 , doi=

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 234a8024-59ab-4338-ac7d-679d42d3bf94 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 99382484-7b23-4fdb-a046-cb08de99ef30 · outbound

This paper cites International Conference on Learning Representations , year=.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning International Conference on Learning Representations , year=

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ca8d8e64-1100-4d3c-ba1d-97de8c87e755 · outbound

This paper cites and Ba, Jimmy , booktitle=.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning and Ba, Jimmy , booktitle=

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 38c622ed-945e-4a59-87f8-f1c0a41abc67 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e4c221b4-965d-4e08-9c56-931d20d635b5 · outbound

This paper cites , booktitle=.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning , booktitle=

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5809e3de-dd59-4997-af4d-7b8ee3a38eb1 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 95ae5ac1-beb7-4715-98e3-f9d44e6feb91 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e52e8884-c3d9-4b96-a98b-34eca5700b23 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bf218ae4-7be8-45df-8568-71ef945853b3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d5756308-a98e-48ac-bcf2-7a534668ac5f · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2ffce781-96cd-49fc-9ea1-bd839b233408 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3049fa09-6f31-478d-b684-5db16ec2998d · outbound

This paper cites arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.17155 , year=.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.17155 , year=

Reference 21

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T22:16:16.732571Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation b06eb30b-6797-465d-a897-1570f8711da8 · outbound

This paper cites Revisiting zeroth-order optimization: Minimum-variance two-point estimators and directionally aligned perturbations.arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.19975, 2025.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Revisiting zeroth-order optimization: Minimum-variance two-point estimators and directionally aligned perturbations.arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.19975, 2025

Reference 22

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T22:16:16.738156Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation ff105fb4-626e-4409-bc5c-89985538cacf · outbound

This paper cites IEEE Transactions on Information Theory , volume=.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning IEEE Transactions on Information Theory , volume=

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d4cb4546-c64c-4556-b93e-1210ea35c726 · outbound

This paper cites SIAM journal on optimization , volume=.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning SIAM journal on optimization , volume=

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4c3adb9d-7949-4244-9e2e-fae063d38a40 · outbound

This paper cites IEEE transactions on automatic control , volume=.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning IEEE transactions on automatic control , volume=

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0563d14a-b785-4061-9e0b-634ecfa52443 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9dee4d96-e00e-41b0-b7a9-054c4e5439da · outbound

This paper cites Poor man's training on.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Poor man's training on

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d12f7076-01f2-4ca6-b929-b48cf1d08101 · outbound

This paper cites IEEE Signal Processing Magazine , volume=.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning IEEE Signal Processing Magazine , volume=

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b68d6d6f-3728-47e3-9d8a-017f81207210 · outbound

This paper cites Foundations of Computational Mathematics , volume=.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Foundations of Computational Mathematics , volume=

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4e3feca0-5fe0-4cfb-a312-824049f74de7 · outbound

This paper cites International Conference on Machine Learning , pages=.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning International Conference on Machine Learning , pages=

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d8916565-5bea-4cb4-b70f-e5d2f228339c · outbound

This paper cites International Conference on Machine Learning , pages=.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning International Conference on Machine Learning , pages=

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f3914386-f282-47a4-918f-87b615e675ac · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dcfcbd37-cafd-4923-a29f-d24f940edc5d · outbound

This paper cites Foundations of Computational Mathematics , volume=.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Foundations of Computational Mathematics , volume=

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e4df9694-cc16-4202-bad3-3ae146a5f018 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3e06bcd2-4e8e-4ec9-a207-da36d2ff5e39 · outbound

This paper cites Tensor-Compressed Back-Propagation-Free Training for (Physics-Informed) Neural Networks.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Tensor-Compressed Back-Propagation-Free Training for (Physics-Informed) Neural Networks

Reference 35

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-01T22:16:16.735542Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-12T06:34:41.77262+00:00.

Observation 59dd7a71-7b70-4e11-9f66-2ec3f6670bfb · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 36

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b9335fb9-5aec-4071-b901-420091365904 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 37

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a2953d3d-89db-4733-86cb-2c1b094eafd2 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 38

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c1fc1e55-fe77-4d55-8e43-0fd689fae8af · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 95c7f8d0-4194-4da3-abee-ab8c3bb7170c · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 40

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bcc299d1-bd8b-45fe-bc77-61f78d8409ef · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 41

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f25d76cb-ccc6-4cf8-9daa-32039507403d · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Unresolved cited work

Reference 42

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d321e5f8-5044-42f3-ad9f-95a46e709726 · outbound

This paper cites Parameter-efficient transfer learning for.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Parameter-efficient transfer learning for

Reference 43

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d0ef3cdb-5e31-4c9f-aa83-8889c51d8722 · outbound

This paper cites Proceedings of the 2021 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing , pages=.

GRZO: Group-Relative Zeroth-Order Optimization for Large Language Model Fine-Tuning Proceedings of the 2021 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing , pages=

Reference 44

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-06-28T15:32:12.274390Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.