Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Recover Experimental Data with Selection Bias using Counterfactual Logic

As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 12 of 12 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.00335.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2506.00335 v2

Coverage vector

measured 12 of 12 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T12:14:39.851910Z

measured 12 of 12 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00

measured 0 of 0 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: cited_works

Reference resolution

12 of 12 outbound references displayed

verified exact0
verified fuzzy6
unresolved5
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 53be9820-c4e3-44cd-b6a8-5f4fdce503b3 · outbound

This paper cites collider.

Recover Experimental Data with Selection Bias using Counterfactual Logic collider

Reference 1

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:14:42.415609Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 1d548d50-be74-4ffd-ad51-0140e6f0d52b · outbound

This paper cites if and only ifZblocks every path from a node inXto a node inYand is denoted byY⊥ ⊥X|Z.

Recover Experimental Data with Selection Bias using Counterfactual Logic if and only ifZblocks every path from a node inXto a node inYand is denoted byY⊥ ⊥X|Z

Reference 2

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:14:42.119362Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 815d5838-be7a-4ed5-b69a-267f52017f59 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Recover Experimental Data with Selection Bias using Counterfactual Logic Unresolved cited work

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:14:41.863573Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation bfedc7bc-7cda-4f24-b3be-796884c4b6fe · outbound

This paper cites had we set X to x′ in the unique background context u consistent with e, Y would (or would not) take valuey.

Recover Experimental Data with Selection Bias using Counterfactual Logic had we set X to x′ in the unique background context u consistent with e, Y would (or would not) take valuey

Reference 4

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:14:41.635290Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 58fe5e4d-8c24-4b48-bae1-c44642c27f92 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Recover Experimental Data with Selection Bias using Counterfactual Logic Unresolved cited work

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:14:41.488009Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 59dae8de-0684-47b3-ac85-a3e40480cbb6 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Recover Experimental Data with Selection Bias using Counterfactual Logic Unresolved cited work

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:14:41.276747Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation e8ef78a1-294c-4591-9e79-fcf0982ef90b · outbound

This paper cites the ultimate level of causal hierarchy.

Recover Experimental Data with Selection Bias using Counterfactual Logic the ultimate level of causal hierarchy

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:14:41.032497Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation f1c55965-a1c8-4061-a8c8-e3899e0a9058 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Recover Experimental Data with Selection Bias using Counterfactual Logic Unresolved cited work

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:14:40.884645Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 451bc96b-612b-4cfc-b9ea-f0cbd2abb8fd · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Recover Experimental Data with Selection Bias using Counterfactual Logic Unresolved cited work

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:14:40.735467Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 21908e67-3638-41ac-bf61-ffee2ef38898 · outbound

This paper cites IfC∪Z⊆T, thenP(W|Z)is s-recoverable.

Recover Experimental Data with Selection Bias using Counterfactual Logic IfC∪Z⊆T, thenP(W|Z)is s-recoverable

Reference 10

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:14:40.440796Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 2296a967-c92d-434a-bf2f-2e139b942f67 · outbound

This paper cites CallRC W ′,{W\W ′} ∪Z andRC W\W ′, Z.

Recover Experimental Data with Selection Bias using Counterfactual Logic CallRC W ′,{W\W ′} ∪Z andRC W\W ′, Z

Reference 11

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:14:40.273162Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Observation 40418b02-84c5-4e29-b16e-cbfd14ded384 · outbound

This paper cites A.2 Lemmas and Proofs X Y S W M M ∗ W ∗ S∗ X ∗ Y ∗ UM US UW UY UX Figure 6: There are direct path, indirect path, and spurious path betweenYandS.

Recover Experimental Data with Selection Bias using Counterfactual Logic A.2 Lemmas and Proofs X Y S W M M ∗ W ∗ S∗ X ∗ Y ∗ UM US UW UY UX Figure 6: There are direct path, indirect path, and spurious path betweenYandS

Reference 12

Resolution: malformed identifier; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T12:14:40.083684Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.

Pith citing papers

No inbound Pith citation observations are available.