Flow-Driven Limb-Asymmetry of Haze Distribution Part I: An Analytical Framework for Predicting the Size Distribution of Photochemical Hazes Across the Two Limbs of hot-Jupiters

David K. Sing; Mei Ting Mak; Nathan J. Mayne; Thaddeus D. Komacek

REVIEW 4 major objections 4 minor 298 references

Flow-Driven Limb-Asymmetry of Haze Distribution Part I: An Analytical Framework for Predicting the Size Distribution of Photochemical Hazes Across the Two Limbs of hot-Jupiters

T0 review · 4 major / 4 minor · reviewed 2026-08-02 · deepseek-v4-flash

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗ Review JSON

Pith's one-line read A single ratio of vertical-to-horizontal transport timescales predicts the largest haze particle that can accumulate over the morning limb of a hot Jupiter.

desk verdict A genuinely useful first-order diagnostic for predicting which haze sizes can reach the morning limb, but the jump from survival to a morning-limb enhancement rests on unmodeled gyre trapping - a limitation the paper states clearly. read the letter →

arxiv 2607.14845 v1 pith:FD3GJNNL submitted 2026-07-16 astro-ph.EP

Mei Ting Mak , Thaddeus D. Komacek , Nathan J. Mayne , David K. Sing This is my paper · ORCID

classification astro-ph.EP

keywords hotJupitersphotochemicalhazelimbasymmetrytransmissionspectroscopytransportgravitationalsettlingradiationpressureanalyticalframework

verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

This paper argues that the relative concentration of photochemical haze between the morning and evening limbs of a hot Jupiter is set by a simple competition: how fast horizontal winds carry particles around the planet versus how fast they fall or are pushed downward. The authors encode this competition in a dimensionless ratio, ΨHALD, defined as the vertical removal timescale divided by the horizontal advection timescale. When ΨHALD exceeds 1, particles can traverse the nightside hemisphere before being removed, and the paper predicts that—assuming nightside gyres trap them—the morning limb should hold as much or more haze than the evening limb. The framework gives a maximum particle radius for morning-limb enhancement that depends on gravity, planetary radius, stellar flux, and particle size. If correct, it provides a quick, inexpensive way to plan transmission-spectroscopy limb observations and to decide when full 3D simulations are needed.

What carries the argument

The key object is the dimensionless ratio ΨHALD, built from three timescales: horizontal advection τ_a = πR_p/U_rms, vertical advection τ_w = H/W, and gravitational settling τ_s = H/V_s, where V_s is a Stokes settling velocity corrected for the Cunningham slip factor and, optionally, enhanced by radiation pressure through a factor (1+β_rad)g. The vertical removal timescale τ_v is the inverse sum of 1/τ_w and 1/τ_s. ΨHALD = τ_v/τ_a is the ratio of vertical removal to horizontal transport; the ΨHALD = 1 contour gives the maximum particle radius that can make the hemispheric trip to the morning limb. Analytical scalings for U_rms and W are adopted from circulation theory so the framework can be

What would settle it

A concrete test would be to run a 3D GCM with passive tracers of several particle sizes for a high-gravity hot Jupiter and measure whether the transitional radius between morning-limb and evening-limb enhancement falls within the range predicted by the ΨHALD = 1 contour at the relevant pressure, accounting for radiation pressure. Alternatively, observations of a hot Jupiter's transmission spectrum at two limbs that show no morning-limb enhancement for particle sizes the framework says should survive would falsify the trapping assumption or the timescale scalings.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central discovery is the introduction of the Haze Asymmetric Limb Distribution ratio ΨHALD = τ_v/τ_a, where τ_v combines gravitational settling and large-scale downward advection (inverse-sum of their timescales) and τ_a is the hemispheric advection time πR_p/U_rms. The ΨHALD = 1 contour marks the estimated maximum particle radius that can be transported from the evening to the morning limb before vertical removal dominates. Comparing against 3D GCM simulations of WASP-39b and previously published models of HD189733b and HD209458b, the framework yields order-of-magnitude agreement for the particle radius separating morning-limb-enhancement from evening-limb-dominance. The paper further s

Load-bearing premise

The entire morning-limb-enhancement prediction rests on the unmodeled assumption that haze particles which reach the morning limb are subsequently trapped and accumulate in nightside gyres; if gyre trapping is weak or particles recirculate, ΨHALD > 1 would not translate into a higher morning-limb haze concentration.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

For high-gravity hot Jupiters (e.g., HD189733b), only particles smaller than roughly 10–100 nm can survive transport to the morning limb; larger particles preferentially settle over the nightside, giving an evening-limb haze enhancement.
For low-gravity hot Jupiters (e.g., WASP-39b), even micrometer-sized particles can be advected to the morning limb, so limb asymmetries in transmission spectra can persist for large particle sizes.
Inclusion of radiation pressure reduces the maximum survivable radius by about 35–70% for the test cases, meaning radiation pressure can be the deciding factor in whether a given haze particle reaches the morning limb.
The framework's order-of-magnitude agreement with GCM simulations suggests it can be used to pre-screen targets and particle sizes for JWST limb-asymmetry observations, and to identify when expensive 3D simulations are necessary.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

Because the framework reduces circulation to two timescales, its predictive power is strongest in the settling-dominated regime; a natural extension would be to replace the single hemispheric-average downward velocity with a distribution of vertical velocities to capture local upwelling that could counteract settling.
The assumption that particles reaching the morning limb are trapped in nightside gyres could be tested directly in existing GCM output by diagnosing gyre residence times; if residence times are short, the ΨHALD = 1 threshold would overestimate the likelihood of morning-limb enhancement.
The smooth broken-power-law fit for the radiation-pressure efficiency could be propagated to other haze compositions, allowing the framework to be applied to different aerosol types without recalibrating the radiative transfer.

Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Signed reviews

No signed human review yet.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Desk Editor's Note

read the letter

The paper earns its keep. It gives you a dimensionless ratio, Psi_HALD = tau_v/tau_a, that collapses the competition between horizontal advection and vertical removal into a single contour, and it validates that contour against 3D GCMs across a range of surface gravities. The agreement is real order-of-magnitude stuff: 50-1200 nm bracketing your 1450 nm estimate at 0.01 mbar for WASP-39b, and 60-70 nm bracketing your 33.1 nm at 0.005 mbar for the g=20 case. No parameters were fitted to make the GCMs agree; the Q_pr fit is to an optical-efficiency curve, not to limb asymmetries. That is the right kind of validation for a cheap framework meant to triage more expensive simulations. The soft spot is the one the stress-test names, and it is real: Psi_HALD=1 is a transport-survival threshold, not a limb-asymmetry threshold. Your own 1D model, Eq. (26), gives chi_m/chi_e = exp(-1/Psi_HALD), which is less than 1 for every finite Psi. So the diagnostic alone predicts depletion, not enhancement; the morning-limb enhancement enters through the unmodeled nightside-gyre trapping step. You do not hide this - it is stated in the abstract, Sec. 3.1, and Sec. 4.1 - but it means the central claim is explicitly conditional. The referee should ask whether that condition is doing too much load-bearing work, especially when you want to use this to plan JWST observations. Two smaller issues. First, the evaluation pressure. You compute the headline numbers at 0.01 mbar while assuming p_tau=1 ~ 10 mbar for the wind scaling; there is no demonstrated mapping between that contour and the pressure probed by transmission spectroscopy. The maximum radius shifts by a factor of two between 0.01 and 0.005 mbar, so this is not a trivial detail. Second, there are no quantitative uncertainties on the input scalings or the predicted radii - given how many hand-chosen parameters go in (p_ref, Delta ln p, W prefactor, etc.), a sensitivity span would be worth adding. Those caveats do not sink the paper. It delivers what it promises: a cheap, physically motivated guess for which particle sizes can reach the morning limb, with honest about its limits. I would send this to a serious referee. The referee should push for a clearer statement that Psi_HALD diagnoses transport survival, not limb asymmetry per se, and for a sensitivity analysis on pressure and the gyre-trapping assumption. I would cite it in my own work on hot-Jupiter hazes.

Referee Report

4 major / 4 minor

Summary. The paper introduces an analytical framework, Ψ_HALD = τ_v/τ_a, intended to estimate the maximum photochemical haze particle radius that can be advected from the evening to the morning limb of a hot Jupiter before vertical removal dominates. The framework combines analytic scalings for jet strength (Zhang & Showman 2017), vertical velocity (Tan 2022), gravitational settling, and radiation pressure, and is compared with new UK Met Office UM GCM simulations for WASP-39b-like planets at two surface gravities, as well as with published GCM results for HD189733b, HD209458b, and WASP-39b. The authors state that the Ψ_HALD = 1 contour gives the maximum radius for which haze particles can survive transport to the morning limb, and, assuming subsequent trapping in nightside gyres, produce a higher or comparable morning-limb haze concentration.

Significance. If the framework is accepted as a transport-survival diagnostic, it is a genuinely useful, computationally inexpensive tool for planning JWST limb observations and for surveying which particle sizes may contribute to morning- versus evening-limb haze asymmetries. The paper's strengths include a transparent dimensionless criterion, original GCM experiments with passive-tracer particles as large as 1600 nm, an explicit smooth fit to the Socrates-computed Q_pr, and a candid discussion of limitations in Secs. 4.1–4.3. The framework is not fitted to the limb-asymmetry outputs: the Q_pr broken power law is fitted to precomputed optical efficiencies, not to the predicted transition radii, so the order-of-magnitude agreement with GCMs is genuine evidence for the survival threshold. The central caveat is that the framework as derived does not by itself produce a morning-limb enhancement; that step is imported through the unmodelled nightside-gyre trapping assumption.

major comments (4)

[§3.1 and Eq. (26)] The paper defines Ψ_HALD = 1 as 'the estimated maximum radius for which haze particles can survive the hemispheric transport' (Sec. 3.1) and then equates this with the maximum radius 'capable of producing a higher or comparable haze concentration over the morning limb' (Fig. 3 caption, Table 2). However, the 1D kinematic model yields χ_m/χ_e = exp(-1/Ψ_HALD) < 1 for every finite Ψ_HALD; at Ψ_HALD = 1 the prediction is χ_m = 0.37 χ_e. The morning-limb enhancement is therefore not a consequence of the framework; it is imported by the assumption that particles reaching the morning limb are trapped in nightside gyres (Sec. 4.1), a process that is not modelled. The central claim should be reframed as a transport-survival criterion, with the limb-asymmetry prediction stated as an additional, untested assumption, or the trapping efficiency should be explicitly parameterised.
[§3.1, Fig. 3 and Table 2] The Ψ_HALD = 1 contours used to estimate r_max for HD189733b, HD209458b and WASP-39b are computed with a single generic parameter set (R_p = R_J, T = 1000 K, F* = 10^6 W m^-2, Ω = 2×10^-5 s^-1), not with the actual radius, equilibrium temperature, instellation, and rotation rate of each planet or of the GCM setups used for comparison. Since U_rms depends on these parameters (Eqs. 2–5) and W depends on U_rms (Eq. 10), the reported agreement in Table 2 may largely reflect the chosen generic values rather than the framework's predictive skill. The validation should be repeated with planet-specific parameters, or the comparison should be presented as a test of a 'generic hot-Jupiter' scaling only.
[§3.1 and Table 2] The quantitative predictions are evaluated at p = 0.01 mbar, a pressure chosen without explicit justification and well above the transmission photosphere introduced in Sec. 2.1.1 (p_{τ=1} ~ 10 mbar). The predicted r_max is strongly pressure-dependent (33.1 nm at 0.005 mbar vs 67.1 nm at 0.01 mbar for g = 20 m s^-2), so the headline numbers depend on a hand-picked level. The authors should either provide a rule for selecting p for a given observation, present the Ψ_HALD = 1 contour as a function of pressure, or restrict claims to the pressures at which GCM diagnostics are evaluated.
[§3.1, Figs. 4–5] For the WASP-39b-like low-gravity case (g = 4.3 m s^-2), the GCM simulations bracket the transition only as 50 nm < r_max(p = 0.01 mbar) < 1200 nm, and the framework's estimate of 1450 nm lies above the GCM upper bound. The statement that the framework is 'broadly consistent' to order of magnitude is fair, but the direction of the discrepancy (framework overpredicting r_max) is not discussed. Given the paper's claim that the framework performs best for higher-gravity planets, the manuscript should explicitly address why the survival threshold is overestimated in the low-gravity regime, for example by discussing the neglect of westward day-side flow or of vertical mixing (Secs. 4.1–4.2).

minor comments (4)

[Abstract] Line 1: 'a analytical framework' should be 'an analytical framework'.
[Fig. 6 caption] The caption says '1D kinematic model based on Equation (6)', but the model is defined by Eqs. (21)–(26); Eq. (6) is the vertical advection timescale. The reference should be to Eq. (25) or to Sec. 2.1.3.
[Appendix A, Eq. (A1)] The broken power-law expression has a complex exponent; please ensure the notation in Eq. (A1) and the caption of Fig. A1 is consistent, and define Δ in the text. Also, the fit parameter r_b is quoted in metres (1.1994×10^-7 m), while the text uses nanometres; please state the unit explicitly.
[Table 2] For HD209458b the GCM constraint 'r_max(p = 0.01 mbar) ≥ 1.5' is only a lower bound because only a 1.5 nm tracer was simulated; this weak data point should be flagged as a lower limit rather than a bracketing constraint.

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 1.0 of 10

No significant circularity; the ΨHALD threshold is derived from independent timescale balances, and the unmodeled gyre-trapping step is an acknowledged assumption rather than a circular input.

full rationale

The derivation chain is self-contained: ΨHALD is built from independently parameterized timescales (Eqs. 1–20) with no parameter fitted to the morning/evening asymmetry. The 1D kinematic model (Eqs. 21–26) directly derives χ_m/χ_e = exp(−1/ΨHALD) from those definitions, so the ΨHALD=1 contour is a genuine calculation of the radius at which horizontal advection and vertical removal timescales are equal. The GCM comparisons (Tab. 2, Figs. 4–5) are external benchmarks rather than fitting targets, and the Qpr broken power-law fit (Appendix A) is fitted to Socrates-computed optical efficiencies, not to limb-asymmetry outputs. The paper's main caveat—that a higher morning-limb concentration requires nightside-gyre trapping, which is not explicitly modeled (Sec. 4.1)—is an acknowledged assumption, supported by prior GCM work (Steinrueck et al. 2021; M25; Lee et al. 2026), not a circular reimportation of the result. Note that at ΨHALD=1, Eq. (26) actually gives χ_m/χ_e = e^{−1} < 1, so the jump to 'higher or comparable' morning haze is an additional physical assumption rather than a consequence of the equations; this affects the strength of the claim but is not a circular derivation. The self-citation to M25 is used for model setup and as a GCM comparison, and it is not the sole justification for the trapping premise. Overall, the framework's central diagnostic is not fitted to or defined by the quantity it predicts.

Assumptions & free parameters 7 free parameters · 8 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The framework assembles scaling relations from prior work (wind, vertical velocity, settling) and adds one unmodeled process (gyre trapping) to connect ΨHALD to the observable asymmetry. The only fitted function is Q_pr, and it is fitted to a computed optical curve rather than to the validation data. Most uncertain inputs are choices of representative values (p_ref, p_τ=1, τ_drag=∞, ΔT_eq≈T_eq) that shift the predicted radius quantitatively without changing the qualitative trend.

free parameters (7)

Q_pr smooth broken power-law coefficients = A=1.1253, r_b=1.1994e-7 m, α1=-1.1165, α2=0.1272, Δ=0.2287, C=0.003472
Fitted to Socrates-computed Q_pr for soot-like haze at T*=5000 K (Appendix A); used in Eq. 17 to compute radiation-pressure enhancement. Fit to a computed optical curve, not to limb-asymmetry data.
p_ref (deep reference pressure) = 1000 mbar
Adopted from prior GCM work (Sec. 2.1.1); enters Δln p and U_eq (Eq. 3). Not fitted to data, chosen by hand.
p_{τ=1} (transmission photosphere pressure) = 10 mbar
Assumed pressure probed by transmission spectra (Sec. 2.1.1); used for τ_rad and Δln p. Affects wind speed and hence ΨHALD.
τ_drag (drag timescale) = ∞
Assumes no drag from turbulence/MHD for these cooler hot Jupiters (Sec. 2.1.1); directly changes U_rms via Eq. 2.
ΔT_eq (day-night equilibrium temperature difference) = T_eq
Uses Zhang (2020) approximation ΔT_eq ≈ T_eq; drives U_eq (Eq. 3). A rough surrogate for the true day-night contrast.
Evaluation pressure for Ψ=1 diagnostic = 0.01 mbar (also 0.005 mbar in Fig. 5)
The contour and all headline r_max are computed at this pressure. The choice is motivated by where the morning/evening transition appears in GCMs, but the mapping to the ~10 mbar transmission photosphere is not established (Sec. 3.1 vs Sec. 2.1.1).
Vertical velocity scaling prefactor
Equation (10) writes W ~ U_rms^2 H/(Ω L^2), omitting the factor 2 sin φ from Eq. (9); the resulting order-unity coefficient is unconstrained and enters τ_w and ΨHALD.

assumptions (8)

domain assumption Hydrostatic balance and isothermal atmosphere (dlnT/dlnp=0) in the transmission region
Used to derive τ_wave in Eq. (4) (Sec. 2.1.1). Non-isothermal structure would change N and hence U_rms.
domain assumption H2-dominated atmosphere with fixed mean molecular mass m=3.34e-27 kg
Used for scale height (Eq. 7) and settling (Eq. 12); assumes no compositional variation across targets (Sec. 2.1.2).
domain assumption Nightside hemispherically-averaged net downward vertical velocity W represents vertical transport
Used to define τ_w in Eq. (6); ignores local upwelling/downwelling structure and eddy mixing (Sec. 2.1.2, 4.1).
domain assumption Ageostrophic scaling W ~ U_rms^2 H/(Ω L^2) (Tan 2022)
Equation (10) relates vertical velocity to horizontal wind; a scaling law with unverified order-unity coefficient for hot Jupiters.
domain assumption Super-rotating jet dominates horizontal transport with speed U_rms from Zhang & Showman (2017)
Reduces 3D circulation to a single horizontal velocity in Eq. (1); the paper acknowledges other circulation components (Sec. 2.1.1, 4.1).
ad hoc to paper Haze particles reaching the morning limb are subsequently trapped by nightside gyres, yielding higher/comparable morning-limb concentration
The link between ΨHALD>1 and the observable asymmetry; trapping is not modeled and depends on gyre morphology, location, and residence time (Sec. 2.1.3, 3.1, 4.1).
domain assumption Radiation pressure acts along the local gravity vector with no attenuation or nightside contribution
Equation (17) replaces g with (1+β_rad)g; authors note this overestimates radiation pressure (Sec. 2.1.2, 4.3).
domain assumption Zhang & Showman wind scaling (Eqs. 2-3) applies to the target planets
Borrowed scaling theory, not re-derived; includes assumptions about wave, radiative, and drag timescales.

how reviews work

0 comments

Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Flow-Driven Limb-Asymmetry of Haze Distribution Part I: An Analytical Framework for Predicting the Size Distribution of Photochemical Hazes Across the Two Limbs of hot-Jupiters." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/FD3GJNNL

@misc{pith2026260714845,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Flow-Driven Limb-Asymmetry of Haze Distribution Part I: An Analytical Framework for Predicting the Size Distribution of Photochemical Hazes Across the Two Limbs of hot-Jupiters},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/FD3GJNNL}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2607.14845}
}

read the original abstract

Photochemical haze, a common aerosol type expected to form in the atmospheres of hot-Jupiters, can become concentrated to different extents between the morning and evening limbs depending on the balance between advection, gravitational settling, and radiation pressure. We present a analytical framework incorporating the effect of gravity, planetary radius, and stellar flux, alongside the particle size of the haze on its resulting relative distribution between the two limbs. Using this framework and further comparing with 3D climate simulations, our framework provides a reasonable first-order estimate of the maximum radius of haze particles which would reach the morning limb and subsequently be trapped by the nightside gyres, resulting in a higher or comparable concentration of haze over the morning limb compared to the evening limb for a given hot-Jupiter atmosphere. We find that the framework performs best for higher-gravity planets, where the transport of haze particles is more strongly controlled by gravitational settling and therefore less sensitive to the approximations made in describing the atmospheric circulation. We further show that for low-gravity hot-Jupiters, even large haze particles can be readily transported to the morning limb before being removed by gravitational settling, whereas for high-gravity hot-Jupiters only small particles can survive transport to the morning limb. Our novel framework provides a rapid way to understand the transport of haze and plan limb asymmetry observations with JWST, constraining the parameter space exploration for full-scale computationally expensive 3D simulations.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2607.14845 by the authors.

**Figure 1.** Gravitational settling (𝜏𝑠 – solid), horizontal advection (𝜏𝑎 – dotted), and vertical advection (𝜏𝑤 – dash-dotted) timescales of soot-like haze across different haze mass production rates and radii, calculated from UM simulations. 50 0 50 r = 1.5 nm L a tit u d e [ °] 90 180 270 Longitude [ °] 50 0 50 r = 50 nm L a tit u d e [ °] -14.0 or below -13.2 -12.4 -11.6 -10.8 -10.0 -9.2 -8.4 -7.6 -6.8 -6 -5.2 lo g 1 0(H a z… view at source ↗

**Figure 2.** Spatial distribution of haze mass mixing ratio (contour) and horizontal flow (streamlines) in WASP-39b, with 𝐹0= 1×10−13 kg m−2 s −1 at pressure 0.01 mbar with particle radii of 1.5 nm (top) and 50 nm (bottom). imum radius might lie around the 1000 nm regime, and is broadly consistent with our framework to the same order-of-magnitude [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p007_2.png] view at source ↗

**Figure 4.** Haze mass mixing ratio between the morning (solid) and evening limb (dotted) for a WASP-39b-like atmosphere at g = 4.3 m s−2 , with 𝐹0= 1×10−13 kg m−2 s −1 and particle radii of 1200, 1300, 1400 1500 and 1600 nm. The dashed horizontal line indicates the pressure level = 0.01 mbar at which the framework approximates the maximum radius 𝑟max ( 𝑝 = 0.01 mbar) to be 1450 nm in order to survive transport to the morning li… view at source ↗

Figures from the paper (5 more)

**Figure 5.** Figure 5: Same format as shown in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_5.png]

**Figure 7.** Figure 7: Same format as shown in [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p009_7.png]

**Figure 6.** Figure 6: 1D kinematic model based on Equation (6) which shows the normalised haze mass mixing ratio with respect to the evening limb (𝜒/𝜒𝑒) between the evening limb (𝑥 = 0) and morning limb (𝑥 = 1) for different values of ΨHALD. The model neglects the trapping of haze particle…

**Figure 8.** Figure 8: 1 + 𝛽rad computed at different particle radii and surface gravities, assuming 𝑇∗ = 5000 K and 𝐹∗ = 1 × 106 W m−2 . impact both the horizontal and vertical haze transport timescales. To do so, we incorporate the effect of atmospheric circulation, gravitational settling…

**Figure 9.** Figure 9: 𝑈rms/𝑈eq from Equation (2) as a function of 𝛼 and 𝛾. ally inferred particle sizes at various pressures together with model predictions can be used to explore the strength and behaviour, across planetary parameters, of the combined mixing. Furthermore, changes to the as…

Discussion (0). Continue with ORCID to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

298 extracted references · 55 canonical work pages

[1]

Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres) , keywords =

3D Simulations of the Archean Earth Including Photochemical Haze Profiles. Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres) , keywords =. doi:10.1029/2023JD039343 , archivePrefix =. 2310.06818 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[2]

arXiv e-prints , keywords =

Limb Asymmetries on WASP-39b: A Multi-GCM Comparison of Chemistry, Clouds, and Hazes. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2509.21588 , archivePrefix =. 2509.21588 , primaryClass =

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.21588
[3]

, keywords =

Atmospheric Circulations of Hot Jupiters as Planetary Heat Engines. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa3de , archivePrefix =. 1712.07643 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[4]

, keywords =

3D simulations of TRAPPIST-1e with varying CO _ 2 , CH _ 4 , and haze profiles. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae741 , archivePrefix =. 2403.06928 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[5]

an account of the kinetic theory of viscosity, thermal conduction and diffusion in gases

The mathematical theory of non-uniform gases. an account of the kinetic theory of viscosity, thermal conduction and diffusion in gases
[6]

Drag force, diffusion coefficient, and electric mobility of small particles. I. Theory applicable to the free-molecule regime , author =. Phys. Rev. E , volume =. 2003 , month =. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.68.061206 , url =

doi:10.1103/physreve.68.061206 2003
[7]

, journal =

Rosner, D. , journal =. Transport Processes in Chemically Reacting Flow Systems , doi =. 2000 , month =

2000
[8]

3D mixing in hot Jupiters atmospheres. I. Application to the day/night cold trap in HD 209458b. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321132 , archivePrefix =. 1301.4522 , primaryClass =

arXiv

Show all 298 references

[9]

and Silverio, Katie and Burrows, Adam , title =

Spiegel, David S. and Silverio, Katie and Burrows, Adam , title =. The Astrophysical Journal , abstract =. 2009 , month =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/699/2/1487 , url =

2009 doi
[11]

, keywords =

Implications of different stellar spectra for the climate of tidally locked Earth-like exoplanets. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038089 , archivePrefix =. 2005.13002 , primaryClass =

2005 arXiv
[12]

Pierrehumbert, R. T. , title =
[14]

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731620 , Journal =

Modeling climate diversity, tidal dynamics and the fate of volatiles on TRAPPIST-1 planets , Url =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731620 , Journal =

doi
[15]

, keywords =

The Radius Distribution of Planets around Cool Stars. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/1/10 , archivePrefix =. 1303.3013 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[16]

Eager-Nash, J. K. and Mayne, N. J. and Nicholson, A. E. and Prins, J. E. and Young, O. C. F. and Daines, S. J. and Sergeev, D. E. and Lambert, F. H. and Manners, J. and Boutle, I. A. and Wolf, E. T. and Kamp, I. E. E. and Kohary, K. and Lenton, T. M. , title =. Journal of Geop...

doi
[17]

and Goldblatt, C

Byrne, B. and Goldblatt, C. , TITLE =. Climate of the Past , VOLUME =. 2015 , NUMBER =

2015
[18]

arXiv e-prints , keywords =

The Effect of Ocean Salinity on Climate and Its Implications for Earth's Habitability. arXiv e-prints , keywords =
[19]

Reviews of Geophysics , keywords =

The faint young Sun problem. Reviews of Geophysics , keywords =. doi:10.1029/2011RG000375 , archivePrefix =. 1204.4449 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[20]

, keywords =

Is the Faint Young Sun Problem for Earth Solved?. , keywords =. doi:10.1007/s11214-020-00711-9 , archivePrefix =. 2006.06265 , primaryClass =

2006 arXiv
[21]

Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres) , keywords =

Exploring the faint young Sun problem and the possible climates of the Archean Earth with a 3-D GCM. Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres) , keywords =. doi:10.1002/jgrd.50808 , archivePrefix =. 1310.4286 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[22]

Astrobiology , keywords =

A Revised, Hazy Methane Greenhouse for the Archean Earth. Astrobiology , keywords =. doi:10.1089/ast.2007.0197 , adsurl =

2007
[23]

Science Advances , year = 2020, month = feb, volume =

The Archean atmosphere. Science Advances , year = 2020, month = feb, volume =. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aax1420 , adsurl =

2020 doi
[24]

, keywords =

Geothermal heating enhances atmospheric asymmetries on synchronously rotating planets. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2052 , archivePrefix =. 1410.0186 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[25]

Science Advances , year = 2017, month = may, volume =

The timetable of evolution. Science Advances , year = 2017, month = may, volume =. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1603076 , adsurl =

2017 doi
[26]

Nature Geoscience , year = 2021, month = jan, volume =

Earth's long-term climate stabilized by clouds. Nature Geoscience , year = 2021, month = jan, volume =. doi:10.1038/s41561-021-00691-7 , adsurl =

2021 doi
[27]

Geoscientific Model Development , year = 2019, month = may, volume =

The Met Office Unified Model Global Atmosphere 7.0/7.1 and JULES Global Land 7.0 configurations. Geoscientific Model Development , year = 2019, month = may, volume =. doi:10.5194/gmd-12-1909-2019 , adsurl =

2019 doi
[28]

doi:10.1017/9781107588417 , adsurl =

Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics: Fundamentals and Large-Scale Circulation. doi:10.1017/9781107588417 , adsurl =

doi
[29]

and Ridley, Jeff K

Andrews, Martin B. and Ridley, Jeff K. and Wood, Richard A. and Andrews, Timothy and Blockley, Edward W. and Booth, Ben and Burke, Eleanor and Dittus, Andrea J. and Florek, Piotr and Gray, Lesley J. and Haddad, Stephen and Hardiman, Steven C. and Hermanson, Leon and Hodson, Da...
[30]

, keywords =

UV shielding of NH _ 3 and O _ 2 by organic hazes in the Archean atmosphere. , keywords =. doi:10.1029/2000JE001448 , adsurl =

doi
[31]

Geoscientific Model Development , keywords =

A modern-day Mars climate in the Met Office Unified Model: dry simulations. Geoscientific Model Development , keywords =. doi:10.5194/gmd-16-621-2023 , archivePrefix =. 2302.00359 , primaryClass =

2023 arXiv
[32]

and Joshi, Manoj and Lambert, F

Boutle, Ian A. and Joshi, Manoj and Lambert, F. Hugo and Mayne, Nathan J. and Lyster, Duncan and Manners, James and Ridgway, Robert and Kohary, Krisztian , doi =. Mineral dust increases the habitability of terrestrial planets but confounds biomarker detection , ty =. Nature Co...

2020
[33]

The TRAPPIST-1 Habitable Atmosphere Intercomparison (THAI). II. Moist Cases-The Two Waterworlds. The Planetary Science Journal , keywords =. doi:10.3847/PSJ/ac6cf2 , archivePrefix =. 2109.11459 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[34]

, keywords =

3D modelling of the impact of stellar activity on tidally locked terrestrial exoplanets: atmospheric composition and habitability. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3105 , archivePrefix =. 2210.13257 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[35]

, keywords =

The Limits of the Primitive Equations of Dynamics for Warm, Slowly Rotating Small Neptunes and Super Earths. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaf6e9 , archivePrefix =. 1812.02451 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[36]

, keywords =

Observability of signatures of transport-induced chemistry in clear atmospheres of hot gas giant exoplanets. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3432 , archivePrefix =. 2211.09071 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[37]

, keywords =

The impact of mixing treatments on cloud modelling in 3D simulations of hot Jupiters. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2027 , archivePrefix =. 2107.05732 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[38]

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society , year = 2014, month = jul, volume =

An inherently mass-conserving semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian discretization of the deep-atmosphere global non-hydrostatic equations. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society , year = 2014, month = jul, volume =. doi:10.1002/qj.2235 , adsurl =

2014 doi
[39]

, keywords =

Effects of UV Stellar Spectral Uncertainty on the Chemistry of Terrestrial Atmospheres. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac4d99 , archivePrefix =. 2201.08805 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[40]

, keywords =

Evolved Climates and Observational Discriminants for the TRAPPIST-1 Planetary System. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aae36a , archivePrefix =. 1809.07498 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[41]

, keywords =

Photochemistry of Anoxic Abiotic Habitable Planet Atmospheres: Impact of New H _ 2 O Cross Sections. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab9363 , archivePrefix =. 2004.04185 , primaryClass =

2004 arXiv
[42]

, keywords =

Organic Aerosols in the Presence of CO _ 2 in the Early Earth and Exoplanets: UV-Vis Refractive Indices of Oxidized Tholins. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa8cc4 , adsurl =

doi
[43]

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts , year = 2006, volume =

Laboratory Studies on the Production of Organic Haze on Titan and the Early Earth. AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts , year = 2006, volume =

2006
[44]

Emerson and Anna L

Ethan W. Emerson and Anna L. Hodshire and Holly M. DeBolt and Kelsey R. Bilsback and Jeffrey R. Pierce and Gavin R. McMeeking and Delphine K. Farmer , title =. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , volume =. 2020 , doi =. https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2...

2020 doi
[45]

Intermolecular and Surface Forces (Third Edition) , publisher =

, editor =. Intermolecular and Surface Forces (Third Edition) , publisher =. 2011 , isbn =. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/C2011-0-05119-0 , url =

2011 doi
[46]

Effect of Roughness and Elasticity on Interactions between Charged Colloidal Spheres , volume =

Monti, Joseph and Mcguiggan, Patricia and Robbins, Mark , year =. Effect of Roughness and Elasticity on Interactions between Charged Colloidal Spheres , volume =. Langmuir , doi =
[47]

Astrobiology , keywords =

Haze Aerosols in the Atmosphere of Early Earth: Manna from Heaven. Astrobiology , keywords =. doi:10.1089/ast.2004.4.409 , adsurl =

2004 doi
[48]

, keywords =

Temperate Earth-sized planets transiting a nearby ultracool dwarf star. , keywords =. doi:10.1038/nature17448 , archivePrefix =. 1605.07211 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[49]

, keywords =

Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1. , keywords =. doi:10.1038/nature21360 , archivePrefix =. 1703.01424 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[50]

and Kasting, James and Siefert, Janet , year =

Kharecha, P. and Kasting, James and Siefert, Janet , year =. A coupled atmosphere–ecosystem model of the early Archean Earth , volume =. Geobiology , doi =
[51]

I: Choosing a configuration for a large-scale mode

Studies with a flexible new radiation code. I: Choosing a configuration for a large-scale mode. Royal Meteorological Society , keywords =. doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1422 , archivePrefix =. 1610.04515 , primaryClass =

2015
[52]

, keywords =

Optical constants of organic tholins produced in a simulated Titanian atmosphere: From soft x-ray to microwave frequencies. , keywords =. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(84)90142-8 , adsurl =

doi
[53]

The Planetary Science Journal , keywords =

Optical Constants of a Titan Haze Analog from 0.4 to 3.5 m Determined Using Vacuum Spectroscopy. The Planetary Science Journal , keywords =. doi:10.3847/PSJ/ac4793 , archivePrefix =. 2112.08521 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[54]

, year = 1997, month = nov, volume =

Mean-field approximation of Mie scattering by fractal aggregates of identical spheres. , year = 1997, month = nov, volume =. doi:10.1364/AO.36.008791 , adsurl =

1997 doi
[55]

, keywords =

Statistical Analysis of Hubble/WFC3 Transit Spectroscopy of Extrasolar Planets. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa8e40 , archivePrefix =. 1709.07385 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[56]

, keywords =

Overcast Mornings and Clear Evenings in Hot Jupiter Exoplanet Atmospheres. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/adf20f , archivePrefix =. 2507.15854 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[57]

, keywords =

Global Climate and Atmospheric Composition of the Ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-103b from HST and Spitzer Phase Curve Observations. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aac3df , archivePrefix =. 1805.00029 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[58]

Light Scattering by Fractal Dust Aggregates. II. Opacity and Asymmetry Parameter. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aac32d , archivePrefix =. 1803.03775 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[59]

Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets) , keywords =

Aerosols in Exoplanet Atmospheres. Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets) , keywords =. doi:10.1029/2020JE006655 , archivePrefix =. 2102.03480 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[60]

Nature Geoscience , year = 2012, month = may, volume =

A bistable organic-rich atmosphere on the Neoarchaean Earth. Nature Geoscience , year = 2012, month = may, volume =. doi:10.1038/ngeo1425 , adsurl =

2012 doi
[61]

, keywords =

Accuracy tests of radiation schemes used in hot Jupiter global circulation models. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201323169 , archivePrefix =. 1402.0814 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[62]

, keywords =

Exonephology: transmission spectra from a 3D simulated cloudy atmosphere of HD 209458b. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2275 , archivePrefix =. 1808.05887 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[63]

Nature Astronomy , keywords =

Evidence for morning-to-evening limb asymmetry on the cool low-density exoplanet WASP-107 b. Nature Astronomy , keywords =. doi:10.1038/s41550-024-02367-9 , archivePrefix =. 2406.09863 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[64]

, keywords =

Magnetic Scaling Laws for the Atmospheres of Hot Giant Exoplanets. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/745/2/138 , archivePrefix =. 1108.3592 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[65]

and Edwards, J

Manners, J. and Edwards, J. M. and Hill, P. and Thelen, J.-C. SOCRATES ( S uite O f C ommunity RA diative T ransfer codes based on E dwards and S lingo) Technical Guide
[66]

, keywords =

The effective temperature scale of M dwarfs. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321346 , archivePrefix =. 1304.4072 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[67]

, keywords =

The Evolution of Solar Flux from 0.1 nm to 160 m: Quantitative Estimates for Planetary Studies. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/757/1/95 , adsurl =

doi
[68]

The Planetary Science Journal , keywords =

Bistability of the Atmospheric Circulation on TRAPPIST-1e. The Planetary Science Journal , keywords =. doi:10.3847/PSJ/ac83be , archivePrefix =. 2207.12342 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[69]

, year = 2014, month = sep, volume =

Modeling the signature of sulfur mass-independent fractionation produced in the Archean atmosphere. , year = 2014, month = sep, volume =. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2014.06.032 , adsurl =

2014 doi
[70]

, keywords =

Equatorial Superrotation on Tidally Locked Exoplanets. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/738/1/71 , archivePrefix =. 1103.3101 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[71]

, keywords =

Global Chemical Transport on Hot Jupiters: Insights from the 2D VULCAN Photochemical Model. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad1600 , archivePrefix =. 2310.17751 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[72]

Nature Methods , keywords =

SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python. Nature Methods , keywords =. doi:10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2 , archivePrefix =. 1907.10121 , primaryClass =

1907 arXiv
[73]

, year = 1996, month = may, volume =

Radiation pressure forces on ``typical'' interplanetary dust grains. , year = 1996, month = may, volume =. doi:10.1016/0032-0633(95)00151-4 , adsurl =

1996 doi
[74]

, keywords =

Aerosol dynamics on hot exoplanets: the role of radiation pressure. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1403 , archivePrefix =. 2508.20175 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[75]

, keywords =

A Review of Possible Planetary Atmospheres in the TRAPPIST-1 System. , keywords =. doi:10.1007/s11214-020-00719-1 , archivePrefix =. 2007.03334 , primaryClass =

2007 arXiv
[76]

, keywords =

Combining high-dispersion spectroscopy with high contrast imaging: Probing rocky planets around our nearest neighbors. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201425018 , archivePrefix =. 1503.01136 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[77]

Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society , year = 2020, volume =

The TRAPPIST-1 JWST Community Initiative. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society , year = 2020, volume =. doi:10.3847/25c2cfeb.afbf0205 , archivePrefix =. 2002.04798 , primaryClass =

2020 arXiv
[78]

, keywords =

Impact of Clouds and Hazes on the Simulated JWST Transmission Spectra of Habitable Zone Planets in the TRAPPIST-1 System. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab5862 , archivePrefix =. 1911.08596 , primaryClass =

1911 arXiv
[79]

The TRAPPIST-1 Habitable Atmosphere Intercomparison (THAI). III. Simulated Observables-the Return of the Spectrum. The Planetary Science Journal , keywords =. doi:10.3847/PSJ/ac6cf1 , archivePrefix =. 2109.11460 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[80]

The TRAPPIST-1 Habitable Atmosphere Intercomparison (THAI). I. Dry Cases-The Fellowship of the GCMs. The Planetary Science Journal , keywords =. doi:10.3847/PSJ/ac6cf0 , archivePrefix =. 2109.11457 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[81]

, keywords =

Strong Dependence of the Inner Edge of the Habitable Zone on Planetary Rotation Rate. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/787/1/L2 , archivePrefix =. 1404.4992 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[82]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Science , keywords =

The rotational and divergent components of atmospheric circulation on tidally locked planets. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science , keywords =. doi:10.1073/pnas.2022705118 , archivePrefix =. 2102.11760 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[83]

, year = 2013, month = nov, volume =

The HITRAN2012 molecular spectroscopic database. , year = 2013, month = nov, volume =. doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.07.002 , adsurl =

2013 doi
[84]

, year = 2019, month = aug, volume =

Update of the HITRAN collision-induced absorption section. , year = 2019, month = aug, volume =. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2019.02.034 , adsurl =

2019 doi
[85]

International Journal of Climatology , keywords =

Evaluation of snow/ice albedo parameterizations and their impacts on sea ice simulations. International Journal of Climatology , keywords =. doi:10.1002/joc.1373 , adsurl =

doi
[86]

Application for the prediction of early Mars surface temperature

Measurements and semi-empirical calculations of CO _ 2 + CH _ 4 and CO _ 2 + H _ 2 collision-induced absorption across a wide range of wavelengths and temperatures. Application for the prediction of early Mars surface temperature. , keywords =. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2020.113762...

2020
[87]

Habitable planets for man
[88]

, keywords =

Giant Planets at Small Orbital Distances. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/309935 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/9511109 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[89]

Comparative Climatology of Terrestrial Planets , year = 2013, editor =

Atmospheric Circulation of Terrestrial Exoplanets. Comparative Climatology of Terrestrial Planets , year = 2013, editor =. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816530595-ch012 , adsurl =

2013 doi
[90]

Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics , year = 2019, month = jan, volume =

Atmospheric Circulation of Tide-Locked Exoplanets. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics , year = 2019, month = jan, volume =. doi:10.1146/annurev-fluid-010518-040516 , adsurl =

2019 doi
[91]

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics , keywords =

Atmospheric regimes and trends on exoplanets and brown dwarfs. Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics , keywords =. doi:10.1088/1674-4527/20/7/99 , archivePrefix =. 2006.13384 , primaryClass =

2006 arXiv
[92]

Journal of Atmospheric Sciences , year = 1988, month = apr, volume =

The Generation of Global Rotational Flow by Steady Idealized Tropical Divergence. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences , year = 1988, month = apr, volume =. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045<1228:TGOGRF>2.0.CO;2 , adsurl =

1988 doi
[93]

, keywords =

Atmospheric Circulation of Hot Jupiters: Insensitivity to Initial Conditions. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/770/1/42 , archivePrefix =. 1208.0126 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[94]

, keywords =

Jet streams and tracer mixing in the atmospheres of brown dwarfs and isolated young giant planets. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac344 , archivePrefix =. 2203.10523 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[95]

, keywords =

Atmospheric Circulation of Hot Jupiters: Dayside-Nightside Temperature Differences. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/821/1/16 , archivePrefix =. 1601.00069 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[96]

, keywords =

Effects of Bulk Composition on the Atmospheric Dynamics on Close-in Exoplanets. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/836/1/73 , archivePrefix =. 1607.04260 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[97]

, keywords =

The Matsuno-Gill model and equatorial superrotation. , keywords =. doi:10.1029/2010GL044343 , adsurl =

doi
[98]

, keywords =

Three-dimensional Structures of Equatorial Waves and the Resulting Super-rotation in the Atmosphere of a Tidally Locked Hot Jupiter. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/793/2/141 , archivePrefix =. 1405.0003 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[99]

, keywords =

Wave-mean Flow Interactions in the Atmospheric Circulation of Tidally Locked Planets. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaec03 , archivePrefix =. 1810.11231 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[100]

, keywords =

Shape and optical properties of aerosols formed by photolysis of acetylene, ethylene, and hydrogen cyanide. , keywords =. doi:10.1029/JD093iD07p08383 , adsurl =

doi
[101]

, keywords =

Pale Orange Dots: The Impact of Organic Haze on the Habitability and Detectability of Earthlike Exoplanets. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/836/1/49 , archivePrefix =. 1702.02994 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[102]

, keywords =

Atmospheric Variability Driven by Radiative Cloud Feedback in Brown Dwarfs and Directly Imaged Extrasolar Giant Planets. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab0c07 , archivePrefix =. 1809.06467 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[103]

Radiative Transfer in the Atmosphere and Ocean
[104]

, keywords =

Habitable Zones around Main Sequence Stars. , keywords =. doi:10.1006/icar.1993.1010 , adsurl =

1993
[105]

Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy , keywords =

Tidal locking of habitable exoplanets. Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy , keywords =. doi:10.1007/s10569-017-9783-7 , archivePrefix =. 1708.02981 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[106]

Part I: Static Stability and Eddy Scale

A Gray-Radiation Aquaplanet Moist GCM. Part I: Static Stability and Eddy Scale. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences , year = 2006, month = oct, volume =. doi:10.1175/JAS3753.1 , adsurl =

2006 doi
[107]

The habitability of Proxima Centauri b. II. Possible climates and observability. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629577 , archivePrefix =. 1608.06827 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[108]

Astrobiology , keywords =

Habitable Climate Scenarios for Proxima Centauri b with a Dynamic Ocean. Astrobiology , keywords =. doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1760 , adsurl =

2017
[109]

, keywords =

Habitable Zones around Main-sequence Stars: New Estimates. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/765/2/131 , archivePrefix =. 1301.6674 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[110]

, keywords =

Habitable Zones around Main-sequence Stars: Dependence on Planetary Mass. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/787/2/L29 , archivePrefix =. 1404.5292 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[111]

, keywords =

The Inner Edge of the Habitable Zone for Synchronously Rotating Planets around Low-mass Stars Using General Circulation Models. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/819/1/84 , archivePrefix =. 1602.05176 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[112]

, keywords =

Increased insolation threshold for runaway greenhouse processes on Earth-like planets. , keywords =. doi:10.1038/nature12827 , archivePrefix =. 1312.3337 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[113]

, keywords =

Stabilizing Cloud Feedback Dramatically Expands the Habitable Zone of Tidally Locked Planets. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/771/2/L45 , archivePrefix =. 1307.0515 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[114]

, keywords =

Exploring the climate of Proxima B with the Met Office Unified Model. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201630020 , archivePrefix =. 1702.08463 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[115]

NASA Special Publication , year = 1986, volume =

The atmospheres of M dwarfs: Observations. NASA Special Publication , year = 1986, volume =

1986
[116]

Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics , year = 2009, month = jul, volume =

The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics , year = 2009, month = jul, volume =. doi:10.5194/acp-9-5155-2009 , adsurl =

2009 doi
[117]

and Day, Douglas A

Hicks, Raea K. and Day, Douglas A. and Jimenez, Jose L. and Tolbert, Margaret A. , title =. Analytical Chemistry , volume =. 2015 , doi =

2015
[118]

2011 , publisher=

Revolutions that Made the Earth , author=. 2011 , publisher=

2011
[119]

The MUSCLES Treasury Survey. I. Motivation and Overview. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/820/2/89 , archivePrefix =. 1602.09142 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[120]

The MUSCLES Treasury Survey. III. X-Ray to Infrared Spectra of 11 M and K Stars Hosting Planets. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/824/2/102 , archivePrefix =. 1604.04776 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[121]

The MUSCLES Treasury Survey. II. Intrinsic LY and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectra of K and M Dwarfs with Exoplanets*. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/824/2/101 , archivePrefix =. 1604.01032 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[122]

, keywords =

The full spectral radiative properties of Proxima Centauri. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730582 , archivePrefix =. 1704.08449 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[123]

Science , keywords =

Fractal Organic Hazes Provided an Ultraviolet Shield for Early Earth. Science , keywords =. doi:10.1126/science.1183260 , adsurl =

doi
[124]

Astrobiology , year = 2014, month = mar, volume =

Controls on the Archean Climate System Investigated with a Global Climate Model. Astrobiology , year = 2014, month = mar, volume =. doi:10.1089/ast.2013.1112 , adsurl =

2014
[125]

, keywords =

Stratospheric dayside-to-nightside circulation drives the 3D ozone distribution on synchronously rotating rocky exoplanets. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2704 , archivePrefix =. 2306.03004 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[126]

Absorption and scattering of light by small particles
[127]

, keywords =

A library of self-consistent simulated exoplanet atmospheres. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2300 , archivePrefix =. 2008.01856 , primaryClass =

2008 arXiv
[128]

, keywords =

Dust spreading in debris discs: do small grains cling on to their birth environment?. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1682 , archivePrefix =. 1906.06953 , primaryClass =

1906 arXiv
[129]

, keywords =

Day Night Transport-induced Chemistry and Clouds on WASP-39b: Gas-phase Composition. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad1405 , archivePrefix =. 2305.19403 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[130]

, keywords =

Diagnosing Limb Asymmetries in Hot and Ultrahot Jupiters with High-resolution Transmission Spectroscopy. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acb141 , archivePrefix =. 2301.01694 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[131]

, keywords =

The impact of different haze types on the atmospheres and observations of hot Jupiters: 3D simulations of HD 189733b, HD 209458b, and WASP-39b. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1250 , archivePrefix =. 2507.20366 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[132]

Sing and Guangwei Fu and Kevin B

Sagnick Mukherjee and David K. Sing and Guangwei Fu and Kevin B. Stevenson and Stephen P. Schmidt and Harry Baskett and Mei Ting Mak and Patrick McCreery and Natalie H. Allen and Katherine A. Bennett and Duncan A. Christie and Carlos Gascón and Jayesh Goyal and Éric Hébrard an...

2026
[133]

and Mayne, Nathan J

Mak, Mei Ting and Komacek, Thaddeus D. and Mayne, Nathan J. and Sing, David K. , title =
[134]

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume =

Roth, Alexander and Parmentier, Vivien and Hammond, Mark , title =. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume =. 2024 , month =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae984 , url =

2024 doi
[135]

, keywords =

Atmospheric circulation and tides of ``51 Pegasus b-like'' planets. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020101 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0202236 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[136]

, keywords =

Lightning activity on a tidally locked terrestrial exoplanet in storm-resolving simulations for a range of surface pressures. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1196 , archivePrefix =. 2504.19883 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[137]

, keywords =

Asymmetry and Dynamical Constraints in Two-limbs Retrieval of WASP-39 b Inferring from JWST Data. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/adc803 , archivePrefix =. 2504.00419 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[138]

Slinn and L

W.G.N. Slinn and L. Hasse and B.B. Hicks and A.W. Hogan and D. Lal and P.S. Liss and K.O. Munnich and G.A. Sehmel and O. Vittori , abstract =. Some aspects of the transfer of atmospheric trace constituents past the air-sea interface , journal =. 1978 , issn =. doi:https://doi....

1978 doi
[139]

, keywords =

3D simulations of photochemical hazes in the atmosphere of hot Jupiter HD 189733b. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1053 , archivePrefix =. 2011.14022 , primaryClass =

2011 arXiv
[140]

, keywords =

An Observational Diagnostic for Distinguishing between Clouds and Haze in Hot Exoplanet Atmospheres. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa84ac , archivePrefix =. 1705.05847 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[141]

, year = 1997, month = oct, volume =

Simulations of the Atmospheres of Synchronously Rotating Terrestrial Planets Orbiting M Dwarfs: Conditions for Atmospheric Collapse and the Implications for Habitability. , year = 1997, month = oct, volume =. doi:10.1006/icar.1997.5793 , adsurl =

1997
[142]

I: Scheme description

PC2: A prognostic cloud fraction and condensation scheme. I: Scheme description. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society , year = 2008, month = oct, volume =. doi:10.1002/qj.333 , adsurl =

2008 doi
[143]

, keywords =

Earth's Polar Night Boundary Layer as an Analog for Dark Side Inversions on Synchronously Rotating Terrestrial Exoplanets. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab7fb3 , archivePrefix =. 2003.06306 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[144]

, keywords =

The Mega-MUSCLES Spectral Energy Distribution of TRAPPIST-1. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abe771 , archivePrefix =. 2102.11415 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[145]

, keywords =

Predicting the Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation Environment of Exoplanets around Low-mass Stars: GJ 832, GJ 176, and GJ 436. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab4f6f , archivePrefix =. 1910.08053 , primaryClass =

1910 arXiv
[146]

, keywords =

Aerosols are not spherical cows: using discrete dipole approximation to model the properties of fractal particles. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3743 , archivePrefix =. 2312.02301 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[147]

, year = 2008, month = jan, volume =

Coupling photochemistry with haze formation in Titan's atmosphere, Part I: Model description. , year = 2008, month = jan, volume =. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2007.05.026 , adsurl =

2008 doi
[148]

Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets) , keywords =

Titan's atmosphere and climate. Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets) , keywords =. doi:10.1002/2016JE005240 , archivePrefix =. 1702.08611 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[149]

, keywords =

The nature of the TRAPPIST-1 exoplanets. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732233 , archivePrefix =. 1802.01377 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[150]

2023 , eprint=

A roadmap to the efficient and robust characterization of temperate terrestrial planet atmospheres with JWST , author=. 2023 , eprint=

2023
[151]

and McDermott, James W

Eager-Nash, Jake and Daines, Stuart J. and McDermott, James W. and Andrews, Peter and Grain, Lucy A. and Bishop, James and Rogers, Aaron A. and Smith, Jack W. G. and Khalek, Chadiga and Boxer, Thomas J. and Mak, Mei Ting and Ridgway, Robert J. and H. 2024 , journal =

2024
[152]

Nature Astronomy , keywords =

Optical properties of organic haze analogues in water-rich exoplanet atmospheres observable with JWST. Nature Astronomy , keywords =. doi:10.1038/s41550-023-02140-4 , archivePrefix =. 2301.02745 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[153]

, keywords =

Aerosol Properties of the Atmospheres of Extrasolar Giant Planets. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa88ce , adsurl =

doi
[154]

Science , keywords =

Atmospheric Influence of Earth's Earliest Sulfur Cycle. Science , keywords =. doi:10.1126/science.289.5480.756 , adsurl =

doi
[155]

, keywords =

Observation of wavelength-sensitive mass-independent sulfur isotope effects during SO _ 2 photolysis: Implications for the early atmosphere. , keywords =. doi:10.1029/2000JE001437 , adsurl =

doi
[156]

Reviews of Geophysics , keywords =

Organic atmospheric aerosols: Review and state of the science. Reviews of Geophysics , keywords =. doi:10.1029/1998RG000045 , adsurl =

doi
[157]

Geobiology , doi =

The loss of mass-independent fractionation of sulfur due to a Paleoproterozoic collapse of atmospheric methane , volume =. Geobiology , doi =. 2006 , month = dec, pages =

2006
[158]

Reviews of Geophysics , keywords =

Geological constraints on the Precambrian history of Earth's rotation and the Moon's orbit. Reviews of Geophysics , keywords =. doi:10.1029/1999RG900016 , adsurl =

doi
[159]

, keywords =

A continuum from clear to cloudy hot-Jupiter exoplanets without primordial water depletion. , keywords =. doi:10.1038/nature16068 , archivePrefix =. 1512.04341 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[160]

Earth and Planetary Science Letters , keywords =

Organic haze, glaciations and multiple sulfur isotopes in the Mid-Archean Era. Earth and Planetary Science Letters , keywords =. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.01.040 , adsurl =

2008 doi
[161]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Science , year = 2009, month = sep, volume =

Geological sulfur isotopes indicate elevated OCS in the Archean atmosphere, solving faint young sun paradox. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science , year = 2009, month = sep, volume =. doi:10.1073/pnas.0903518106 , adsurl =

2009 doi
[162]

Earth and Planetary Science Letters , keywords =

Can organic haze and O _ 2 plumes explain patterns of sulfur mass-independent fractionation during the Archean?. Earth and Planetary Science Letters , keywords =. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115767 , adsurl =

2019
[163]

, year =

A model of Titan's aerosols based on measurements made inside the atmosphere. , year =. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2007.11.019 , adsurl =

2007 doi
[164]

, keywords =

HST hot-Jupiter transmission spectral survey: haze in the atmosphere of WASP-6b. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2433 , archivePrefix =. 1411.4567 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[165]

, keywords =

Abundance measurements of H _ 2 O and carbon-bearing species in the atmosphere of WASP-127b confirm its supersolar metallicity. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3116 , archivePrefix =. 1911.08859 , primaryClass =

1911 arXiv
[166]

, keywords =

Optical to Near-infrared Transmission Spectrum of the Warm Sub-Saturn HAT-P-12b. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab880d , archivePrefix =. 2004.03551 , primaryClass =

2004 arXiv
[167]

Transit spectrophotometry of the exoplanet HD 189733b. I. Searching for water but finding haze with HST NICMOS. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912776 , archivePrefix =. 0907.4991 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[168]

Astrobiology , keywords =

Potential Climatic Impact of Organic Haze on Early Earth. Astrobiology , keywords =. doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0541 , adsurl =

2010
[169]

, year = 2010, month = jun, volume =

Optical properties of Titan and early Earth haze laboratory analogs in the mid-visible. , year = 2010, month = jun, volume =. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.12.015 , adsurl =

2010 doi
[170]

, keywords =

The Effect of Oxygen on Organic Haze Properties. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aac2c7 , adsurl =

doi
[171]

, keywords =

Titan aerosols: Optical properties and vertical distribution. , keywords =. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(80)90164-5 , adsurl =

doi
[172]

, keywords =

Size Estimates of Titan's Aerosols Based on Voyager High-Phase-Angles Images. , keywords =. doi:10.1029/JA088iA11p08721 , adsurl =

doi
[173]

Astrobiology , keywords =

Follow the Carbon: Isotopic Labeling Studies of Early Earth Aerosol. Astrobiology , keywords =. doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1436 , adsurl =

2015
[174]

, keywords =

Preliminary Results of Polarimetry and Photometry of Titan at Large Phase Angles From Pioneer 11. , keywords =. doi:10.1029/JA085iA11p05937 , adsurl =

doi
[175]

, keywords =

Voyager 2 Photopolarimeter Observations of Titan. , keywords =. doi:10.1029/JA088iA11p08699 , adsurl =

doi
[176]

, keywords =

Optical properties of aggregate particles whose outer diameter is comparable to the wavelength. , keywords =. doi:10.1364/AO.30.005316 , adsurl =

doi
[177]

, keywords =

Evidence for aggregate particles in the atmospheres of Titan and Jupiter. , keywords =. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(91)90113-8 , adsurl =

doi
[178]

, keywords =

Vertical distribution of scattering hazes in Titan's upper atmosphere. , keywords =. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(83)90049-0 , adsurl =

doi
[179]

, year = 2009, month = nov, volume =

Limits on the size of aerosols from measurements of linear polarization in Titan s atmosphere. , year = 2009, month = nov, volume =. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.05.034 , adsurl =

2009 doi
[180]

, keywords =

Photochemical Haze Formation in the Atmospheres of Super-Earths and Mini-Neptunes. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aac883 , archivePrefix =. 1805.10488 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[181]

, keywords =

Haze Formation in Warm H _ 2 -rich Exoplanet Atmospheres. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/PSJ/abb1a4 , archivePrefix =. 2008.09700 , primaryClass =

2008 arXiv
[182]

Nature Astronomy , keywords =

Haze production rates in super-Earth and mini-Neptune atmosphere experiments. Nature Astronomy , keywords =. doi:10.1038/s41550-018-0397-0 , archivePrefix =. 1801.06512 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[183]

, keywords =

Photochemistry in Hot H _ 2 -dominated Exoplanet Atmospheres. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaf79f , archivePrefix =. 2202.07943 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[184]

, keywords =

Influence of C/O Ratio on Hot Jupiter Atmospheric Chemistry. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aba828 , archivePrefix =. 2204.06884 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[185]

arXiv e-prints , keywords =

Quenching-driven equatorial depletion and limb asymmetries in hot Jupiter atmospheres: WASP-96b example. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2402.14535 , archivePrefix =. 2402.14535 , primaryClass =

doi arXiv
[186]

, keywords =

Photochemical Hazes Dramatically Alter Temperature Structure and Atmospheric Circulation in 3D Simulations of Hot Jupiters. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acd4bb , archivePrefix =. 2305.09654 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[187]

, keywords =

Thermal Emission and Reflected Light Spectra of Super Earths with Flat Transmission Spectra. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/815/2/110 , archivePrefix =. 1511.01492 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[188]

, year = 2010, month = dec, volume =

Titan s vertical aerosol structure at the Huygens landing site: Constraints on particle size, density, charge, and refractive index. , year = 2010, month = dec, volume =. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.07.025 , adsurl =

2010 doi
[189]

Lee and C.L

S.C. Lee and C.L. Tien , abstract =. Optical constants of soot in hydrocarbon flames , journal =. 1981 , note =. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0082-0784(81)80120-8 , url =

1981 doi
[190]

, keywords =

VUV spectroscopy of carbon dust analogs: contribution to interstellar extinction. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527098 , archivePrefix =. 1601.08037 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[191]

, keywords =

Super-Rayleigh Slopes in Transmission Spectra of Exoplanets Generated by Photochemical Haze. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab93d7 , archivePrefix =. 2005.08880 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[192]

, keywords =

Impact of photochemical hazes and gases on exoplanet atmospheric thermal structure. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab456 , archivePrefix =. 2102.05763 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[193]

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF TYPICAL TWO STREAM-METHODS FOR THE CALCULATION OF SOLAR FLUXES AND HEATING RATES IN CLOUDS , author=
[194]

Radiation scheme for circulation and climate models , author=. Contrib. Atmos. Phys.;(Germany, Federal Republic of) , volume=
[195]

Numerische methoden zur l

Zdunkowski, WG and Korb, GJ , journal=. Numerische methoden zur l
[196]

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society , volume=

Improving transmission calculations for the Edwards--Slingo radiation scheme using a correlated-k distribution method , author=. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society , volume=. 2011 , publisher=

2011
[197]

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres , volume=

A description of the correlated k distribution method for modeling nongray gaseous absorption, thermal emission, and multiple scattering in vertically inhomogeneous atmospheres , author=. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres , volume=. 1991 , publisher=

1991
[198]

Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer , volume=

The correlated-k method for radiation calculations in nonhomogeneous atmospheres , author=. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer , volume=. 1989 , publisher=

1989
[199]

, keywords =

Treatment of overlapping gaseous absorption with the correlated-k method in hot Jupiter and brown dwarf atmosphere models. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629322 , archivePrefix =. 1610.01389 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[200]

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society , year = 2005, month = jul, volume =

Consistent approximate models of the global atmosphere: shallow, deep, hydrostatic, quasi-hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society , year = 2005, month = jul, volume =. doi:10.1256/qj.04.49 , adsurl =

2005 doi
[201]

ENDGame for a HD 209458b test case

The unified model, a fully-compressible, non-hydrostatic, deep atmosphere global circulation model, applied to hot Jupiters. ENDGame for a HD 209458b test case. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322174 , adsurl =

doi
[202]

, keywords =

Evolution of ``51 Pegasus b-like'' planets. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011624 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0202234 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[203]

, keywords =

A Unified Theory for the Atmospheres of the Hot and Very Hot Jupiters: Two Classes of Irradiated Atmospheres. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/528370 , archivePrefix =. 0710.2558 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[204]

, keywords =

Three-dimensional radiative-hydrodynamical simulations of the highly irradiated short-period exoplanet HD 189733b. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1509 , archivePrefix =. 1211.1709 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[205]

, keywords =

Dynamics and Disequilibrium Carbon Chemistry in Hot Jupiter Atmospheres, with Application to HD 209458b. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/506312 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0602477 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[206]

, keywords =

Quantitatively Assessing the Role of Clouds in the Transmission Spectrum of GJ 1214b. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/775/1/33 , archivePrefix =. 1305.4124 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[207]

, keywords =

Trends in Atmospheric Properties of Neptune-size Exoplanets. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa9279 , archivePrefix =. 1708.00016 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[208]

, keywords =

Cleaning Our Hazy Lens: Exploring Trends in Transmission Spectra of Warm Exoplanets. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac7f40 , archivePrefix =. 2112.06173 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[209]

, keywords =

Observable Signatures of Wind-driven Chemistry with a Fully Consistent Three-dimensional Radiative Hydrodynamics Model of HD 209458b. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aab209 , archivePrefix =. 1802.09222 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[210]

, keywords =

The 3D Thermal, Dynamical, and Chemical Structure of the Atmosphere of HD 189733b: Implications of Wind-driven Chemistry for the Emission Phase Curve. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaeb28 , archivePrefix =. 1810.09724 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[211]

, keywords =

Implications of three-dimensional chemical transport in hot Jupiter atmospheres: Results from a consistently coupled chemistry-radiation-hydrodynamics model. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201937153 , archivePrefix =. 2001.11444 , primaryClass =

2001 arXiv
[212]

, keywords =

Coupling haze and cloud microphysics in WASP-39b's atmosphere based on JWST observations. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae826 , archivePrefix =. 2311.07365 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[213]

Geoscientific Model Development , keywords =

Using the UM dynamical cores to reproduce idealised 3-D flows. Geoscientific Model Development , keywords =. doi:10.5194/gmd-7-3059-2014 , archivePrefix =. 1310.6041 , primaryClass =

2014 arXiv
[214]

, keywords =

Analysis of a Precambrian resonance-stabilized day length. , keywords =. doi:10.1002/2016GL068912 , archivePrefix =. 1502.01421 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[215]

, keywords =

Results from a set of three-dimensional numerical experiments of a hot Jupiter atmosphere. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201730465 , archivePrefix =. 1704.00539 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[216]

Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy , keywords =

The ExoMol database: Molecular line lists for exoplanet and other hot atmospheres. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy , keywords =. doi:10.1016/j.jms.2016.05.002 , archivePrefix =. 1603.05890 , primaryClass =

2016 arXiv
[217]

, keywords =

Vertical Tracer Mixing in Hot Jupiter Atmospheres. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab338b , archivePrefix =. 1904.09676 , primaryClass =

1904 arXiv
[218]

, keywords =

Ground-based detection of sodium in the transmission spectrum of exoplanet HD 209458b. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809762 , archivePrefix =. 0805.0789 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[219]

, keywords =

GTC OSIRIS transiting exoplanet atmospheric survey: detection of potassium in HAT-P-1b from narrow-band spectrophotometry. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv642 , archivePrefix =. 1503.07165 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[220]

, keywords =

HST hot-Jupiter transmission spectral survey: detection of potassium in WASP-31b along with a cloud deck and Rayleigh scattering. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2279 , archivePrefix =. 1410.7611 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[221]

, keywords =

A Detection of Water in the Transmission Spectrum of the Hot Jupiter WASP-12b and Implications for Its Atmospheric Composition. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/1/66 , archivePrefix =. 1504.05586 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[222]

, keywords =

The Hazy and Metal-rich Atmosphere of GJ 1214 b Constrained by Near- and Mid-infrared Transmission Spectroscopy. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acd16f , archivePrefix =. 2305.05697 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[223]

, keywords =

A reflective, metal-rich atmosphere for GJ 1214b from its JWST phase curve. , keywords =. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06159-5 , archivePrefix =. 2305.06240 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[224]

, keywords =

The impact of phase equilibrium cloud models on GCM simulations of GJ 1214b. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2763 , archivePrefix =. 2209.12205 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[225]

The role of photochemistry

Grid of pseudo-2D chemistry models for tidally locked exoplanets - II. The role of photochemistry. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac809 , archivePrefix =. 2203.11233 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[226]

Dynamic mineral clouds on HD 189733b. I. 3D RHD with kinetic, non-equilibrium cloud formation. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201628606 , archivePrefix =. 1603.09098 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[227]

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume =

Lines, S and Mayne, N J and Manners, J and Boutle, I A and Drummond, B and Mikal-Evans, T and Kohary, K and Sing, D K , title = ". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society , volume =. 2019 , month =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz1788 , url =

2019 doi
[228]

, year = 2008, month = mar, volume =

The presence of methane in the atmosphere of an extrasolar planet. , year = 2008, month = mar, volume =. doi:10.1038/nature06823 , adsurl =

2008 doi
[229]

, keywords =

The prevalence of dust on the exoplanet HD 189733b from Hubble and Spitzer observations. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt651 , archivePrefix =. 1210.4163 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[230]

, keywords =

A uniform analysis of HD 209458b Spitzer/IRAC light curves with Gaussian process models. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv910 , archivePrefix =. 1504.05942 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[231]

Nature Astronomy , keywords =

A benchmark JWST near-infrared spectrum for the exoplanet WASP-39 b. Nature Astronomy , keywords =. doi:10.1038/s41550-024-02292-x , archivePrefix =. 2407.13893 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[232]

, keywords =

A library of ATMO forward model transmission spectra for hot Jupiter exoplanets. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx3015 , archivePrefix =. 1710.10269 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[233]

, keywords =

The Chemical Composition of the Sun. , keywords =. doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145222 , archivePrefix =. 0909.0948 , primaryClass =
[234]

, keywords =

WASP-39b: a highly inflated Saturn-mass planet orbiting a late G-type star. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116671 , archivePrefix =. 1102.1375 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[235]

, keywords =

Transmission Spectra of Three-Dimensional Hot Jupiter Model Atmospheres. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/709/2/1396 , archivePrefix =. 0912.2350 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[236]

, keywords =

Shallow-water Magnetohydrodynamics for Westward Hotspots on Hot Jupiters. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab05dd , archivePrefix =. 1902.09683 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[237]

, keywords =

The Atmospheric Circulation of the Super Earth GJ 1214b: Dependence on Composition and Metallicity. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/785/2/92 , archivePrefix =. 1401.1898 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[238]

The GAPS programme with HARPS-N at TNG. XVI. Measurement of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect of transiting planetary systems HAT-P-3, HAT-P-12, HAT-P-22, WASP-39, and WASP-60. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732234 , archivePrefix =. 1802.03859 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[239]

and Fortney, Jonathan J

Showman, Adam P. and Fortney, Jonathan J. and Lian, Yuan and Marley, Mark S. and Freedman, Richard S. and Knutson, Heather A. and Charbonneau, David , title =. 2009 , month = jun, publisher =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/699/1/564 , url =

2009 doi
[240]

Additional planets and stellar models

Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets - III. Additional planets and stellar models. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17231.x , archivePrefix =. 1006.4443 , primaryClass =

2010
[241]

, keywords =

Chemical Equilibrium Abundances in Brown Dwarf and Extrasolar Giant Planet Atmospheres. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/306811 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/9807055 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[242]

and Evans, J

Lelieveld, J. and Evans, J. S. and Fnais, M. and Giannadaki, D. and Pozzer, A. , doi =. The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale , ty =. Nature , number =. 2015 , Bdsk-Url-1 =

2015
[243]

Size-fractionated water-soluble ions, situ pH and water content in aerosol on hazy days and the influences on visibility impairment in Jinan, China , journal =

Shu-hui Cheng and Ling-xiao Yang and Xue-hua Zhou and Li-kun Xue and Xiao-mei Gao and Yang Zhou and Wen-xing Wang , keywords =. Size-fractionated water-soluble ions, situ pH and water content in aerosol on hazy days and the influences on visibility impairment in Jinan, China ,...

2011 doi
[244]

and Wild, O

Hollaway, M. and Wild, O. and Yang, T. and Sun, Y. and Xu, W. and Xie, C. and Whalley, L. and Slater, E. and Heard, D. and Liu, D. , TITLE =. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , VOLUME =. 2019 , NUMBER =

2019
[245]

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511535796.003 , booktitle=

Zdunkowski, Wilford and Trautmann, Thomas and Bott, Andreas , year=. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511535796.003 , booktitle=

doi
[246]

Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets) , keywords =

Preliminary characterization of the upper haze by SPICAV/SOIR solar occultation in UV to mid-IR onboard Venus Express. Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets) , keywords =. doi:10.1029/2008JE003186 , adsurl =

doi
[247]

, year = 2012, month = feb, volume =

Optical extinction due to aerosols in the upper haze of Venus: Four years of SOIR/VEX observations from 2006 to 2010. , year = 2012, month = feb, volume =. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.11.002 , adsurl =

2006 doi
[248]

, keywords =

Aerosol properties in the upper haze of Venus from SPICAV IR data. , keywords =. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2016.05.008 , adsurl =

2016 doi
[249]

and Ignatiev, Nikolay I

Titov, Dmitrij V. and Ignatiev, Nikolay I. and McGouldrick, Kevin and Wilquet, Val. Clouds and Hazes of Venus , ty =. Space Science Reviews , number =. 2018 , Bdsk-Url-1 =. doi:10.1007/s11214-018-0552-z , id =

2018 doi
[250]

Astrobiology , keywords =

The Habitability of Proxima Centauri b: Environmental States and Observational Discriminants. Astrobiology , keywords =. doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1589 , archivePrefix =. 1608.08620 , primaryClass =

2016
[251]

Science , keywords =

The Process of Tholin Formation in Titan s Upper Atmosphere. Science , keywords =. doi:10.1126/science.1139727 , adsurl =

doi
[252]

Monthly Weather Review , year = 2003, month = jan, volume =

The Deep-Atmosphere Euler Equations in a Generalized Vertical Coordinate. Monthly Weather Review , year = 2003, month = jan, volume =. doi:10.1175//2564.1 , adsurl =

2003 doi
[253]

Journal of Computational Physics , year = 2008, month = mar, volume =

Aspects of the dynamical core of a nonhydrostatic, deep-atmosphere, unified weather and climate-prediction model. Journal of Computational Physics , year = 2008, month = mar, volume =. doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2006.11.009 , adsurl =

2008 doi
[254]

, year = 1979, month = jun, volume =

Oxygen levels in the prebiological atmosphere. , year = 1979, month = jun, volume =. doi:10.1029/JC084iC06p03097 , adsurl =

1979 doi
[255]

, keywords =

Stellar Activity Effects on Moist Habitable Terrestrial Atmospheres around M Dwarfs. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab32e8 , archivePrefix =. 1902.04086 , primaryClass =

1902 arXiv
[256]

Astrobiology , keywords =

The Effect of a Strong Stellar Flare on the Atmospheric Chemistry of an Earth-like Planet Orbiting an M Dwarf. Astrobiology , keywords =. doi:10.1089/ast.2009.0376 , archivePrefix =. 1006.0022 , primaryClass =

2009
[257]

, keywords =

Hydrogen sulfide and metal-enriched atmosphere for a Jupiter-mass exoplanet. , keywords =. doi:10.1038/s41586-024-07760-y , archivePrefix =. 2407.06163 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[258]

, keywords =

Clouds in the atmosphere of the super-Earth exoplanet GJ1214b. , keywords =. doi:10.1038/nature12888 , archivePrefix =. 1401.0022 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[259]

, year = 2001, month = feb, volume =

Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols. , year = 2001, month = feb, volume =. doi:10.1038/35055518 , adsurl =

2001 doi
[260]

Science , keywords =

Radiative Absorption Enhancements Due to the Mixing State of Atmospheric Black Carbon. Science , keywords =. doi:10.1126/science.1223447 , adsurl =

doi
[261]

, booktitle =

Koeylue, Uemit and Xing, Yangchuan and Rosner, Daniel E. , booktitle =. Fractal Morphology Analysis of Combustion-Generated Aggregates Using Angular Light Scattering and Electron Microscope Images , ty =. 1995 , year1 =. doi:10.1021/la00012a043 , journal =

1995 doi
[262]

Khare and Jamie E

Hiroshi Imanaka and Bishun N. Khare and Jamie E. Elsila and Emma L.O. Bakes and Christopher P. McKay and Dale P. Cruikshank and Seiji Sugita and Takafumi Matsui and Richard N. Zare , keywords =. Laboratory experiments of Titan tholin formed in cold plasma at various pressures:...

2004 doi
[263]

Sciamma-O’Brien and P.-R

E. Sciamma-O’Brien and P.-R. Dahoo and E. Hadamcik and N. Carrasco and E. Quirico and C. Szopa and G. Cernogora , keywords =. Optical constants from 370nm to 900nm of Titan tholins produced in a low pressure RF plasma discharge , journal =. 2012 , issn =. doi:https://doi.org/1...

2012 doi
[264]

1977 , issn =

Infrared flame radiation , journal =. 1977 , issn =. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(77)90001-1 , url =

1977 doi
[265]

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A , year = 1990, month = sep, volume =

Determination of the Wavelength Dependence of Refractive Indices of Flame Soot. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A , year = 1990, month = sep, volume =. doi:10.1098/rspa.1990.0107 , adsurl =

1990
[266]

, year = 1973, month = dec, volume =

Scattering and Absorption of Light by Nonspherical Dielectric Grains. , year = 1973, month = dec, volume =. doi:10.1086/152538 , adsurl =

1973 doi
[267]

Update of the methanol chemistry and new reduced chemical scheme

New chemical scheme for giant planet thermochemistry. Update of the methanol chemistry and new reduced chemical scheme. A&A Rv , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201936697 , archivePrefix =. 1912.07246 , primaryClass =

1912 arXiv
[268]

, keywords =

Atmospheric circulation of tidally locked exoplanets: a suite of benchmark tests for dynamical solvers. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18315.x , archivePrefix =. 1010.1257 , primaryClass =

2011
[269]

2004 , publisher=

Health effects of outdoor air pollution in developing countries of Asia: Special Report 15 , author=. 2004 , publisher=

2004
[270]

Chan and Xiaohong Yao , keywords =

Chak K. Chan and Xiaohong Yao , keywords =. Air pollution in mega cities in China , journal =. 2008 , issn =. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.003 , url =

2008 doi
[271]

Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres , volume =

Han, Tingting and Xu, Weiqi and Chen, Chen and Liu, Xingang and Wang, Qingqing and Li, Jie and Zhao, Xiujuan and Du, Wei and Wang, Zifa and Sun, Yele , title =. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres , volume =. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023918 , year =

doi
[272]

and Ying, Qi and Lin, Yun and Wang, Weigang and Hu, Min and Wang, Yuan , booktitle =

Zhang, Renyi and Wang, Gehui and Guo, Song and Zamora, Misti L. and Ying, Qi and Lin, Yun and Wang, Weigang and Hu, Min and Wang, Yuan , booktitle =. Formation of Urban Fine Particulate Matter , ty =. 2015 , year1 =. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00067 , journal =

2015 doi
[273]

Acid News , volume=

New WHO air quality guidelines , author=. Acid News , volume=
[274]

, keywords =

HST hot Jupiter transmission spectral survey: detection of water in HAT-P-1b from WFC3 near-IR spatial scan observations. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1536 , archivePrefix =. 1308.2106 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[275]

, keywords =

LRG-BEASTS: Sodium absorption and Rayleigh scattering in the atmosphere of WASP-94A b using NTT/EFOSC2. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3805 , archivePrefix =. 2201.02212 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[276]

, keywords =

On signatures of clouds in exoplanetary transit spectra. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1849 , archivePrefix =. 1705.08893 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[277]

MOPSS. II. Extreme Optical Scattering Slope for the Inflated Super-Neptune HATS-8b. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab5361 , adsurl =

doi
[278]

, keywords =

Detection of titanium oxide in the atmosphere of a hot Jupiter. , keywords =. doi:10.1038/nature23651 , archivePrefix =. 1709.04118 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[279]

, keywords =

H _ 2 O abundances and cloud properties in ten hot giant exoplanets. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2544 , archivePrefix =. 1811.00011 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[280]

, keywords =

Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec G395H. , keywords =. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05591-3 , archivePrefix =. 2211.10488 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[281]

, keywords =

Detection of an Extrasolar Planet Atmosphere. , keywords =. doi:10.1086/338770 , archivePrefix =. astro-ph/0111544 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[282]

, keywords =

Accurate Empirical Radii and Masses of Planets and Their Host Stars with Gaia Parallaxes. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa5df3 , archivePrefix =. 1609.04389 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[283]

New results for 38 planets

Homogeneous studies of transiting extrasolar planets - V. New results for 38 planets. , keywords =. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21756.x , archivePrefix =. 1207.5796 , primaryClass =

2012
[284]

, keywords =

Changing Phases of Alien Worlds: Probing Atmospheres of Kepler Planets with High-precision Photometry. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/804/2/150 , archivePrefix =. 1407.2245 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[285]

, keywords =

Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRCam. , keywords =. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05590-4 , archivePrefix =. 2211.10489 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[286]

, keywords =

A featureless transmission spectrum for the Neptune-mass exoplanet GJ436b. , keywords =. doi:10.1038/nature12887 , archivePrefix =. 1401.3350 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[287]

, keywords =

The Effects of Refraction on Transit Transmission Spectroscopy: Application to Earth-like Exoplanets. , keywords =. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/61 , archivePrefix =. 1407.3265 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[288]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Science , keywords =

SIMS analyses of the oldest known assemblage of microfossils document their taxon-correlated carbon isotope compositions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science , keywords =. doi:10.1073/pnas.1718063115 , adsurl =

doi
[289]

, keywords =

Strange messenger: A new history of hydrogen on Earth, as told by Xenon. , keywords =. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2018.09.017 , archivePrefix =. 1809.06960 , primaryClass =

2018 arXiv
[290]

, keywords =

The UK Met Office global circulation model with a sophisticated radiation scheme applied to the hot Jupiter HD 209458b. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629183 , archivePrefix =. 1608.08593 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[291]

, keywords =

Experimental test of the Rayleigh-Debye-Gans theory for light scattering by fractal aggregates. , keywords =. doi:10.1364/AO.41.004645 , adsurl =

doi
[292]

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A , year = 1904, month = jan, volume =

Colours in Metal Glasses and in Metallic Films. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A , year = 1904, month = jan, volume =

1904
[293]

, keywords =

Carbon-bearing Molecules in a Possible Hycean Atmosphere. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acf577 , archivePrefix =. 2309.05566 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[294]

, keywords =

Chemistry of Temperate Super-Earth and Mini-Neptune Atmospheric Hazes from Laboratory Experiments. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/PSJ/ab8eae , archivePrefix =. 2004.13794 , primaryClass =

2004 arXiv
[295]

, keywords =

Carbon Monoxide Affecting Planetary Atmospheric Chemistry. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aa74cc , archivePrefix =. 1705.08468 , primaryClass =

arXiv
[296]

, keywords =

Optical constants of Titan aerosols and their tholins analogs: Experimental results and modeling/observational data. , keywords =. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2015.02.012 , adsurl =

2015 doi
[297]

, keywords =

The optical and chemical properties of discharge generated organic haze using in-situ real-time techniques. , keywords =. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.04.028 , adsurl =

2017 doi
[298]

, keywords =

Microphysical modeling of Titan's detached haze layer in a 3D GCM. , keywords =. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.03.010 , adsurl =

2015 doi
[299]

, keywords =

A new interpretation of scattered light measurements at Titan's limb. , keywords =. doi:10.1029/97JE00719 , adsurl =

doi
[300]

Proceedings of the National Academy of Science , keywords =

Markedly enhanced absorption and direct radiative forcing of black carbon under polluted urban environments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science , keywords =. doi:10.1073/pnas.1602310113 , adsurl =

doi

Pith tools

Reviewed August 2, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.

[1] [1]

Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres) , keywords =

3D Simulations of the Archean Earth Including Photochemical Haze Profiles. Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres) , keywords =. doi:10.1029/2023JD039343 , archivePrefix =. 2310.06818 , primaryClass =

arXiv

[2] [2]

arXiv e-prints , keywords =

Limb Asymmetries on WASP-39b: A Multi-GCM Comparison of Chemistry, Clouds, and Hazes. arXiv e-prints , keywords =. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2509.21588 , archivePrefix =. 2509.21588 , primaryClass =

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.21588

[3] [3]

, keywords =

Atmospheric Circulations of Hot Jupiters as Planetary Heat Engines. , keywords =. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaa3de , archivePrefix =. 1712.07643 , primaryClass =

arXiv

[4] [4]

, keywords =

3D simulations of TRAPPIST-1e with varying CO _ 2 , CH _ 4 , and haze profiles. , keywords =. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae741 , archivePrefix =. 2403.06928 , primaryClass =

arXiv

[5] [5]

an account of the kinetic theory of viscosity, thermal conduction and diffusion in gases

The mathematical theory of non-uniform gases. an account of the kinetic theory of viscosity, thermal conduction and diffusion in gases

[6] [6]

Drag force, diffusion coefficient, and electric mobility of small particles. I. Theory applicable to the free-molecule regime , author =. Phys. Rev. E , volume =. 2003 , month =. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.68.061206 , url =

doi:10.1103/physreve.68.061206 2003

[7] [7]

, journal =

Rosner, D. , journal =. Transport Processes in Chemically Reacting Flow Systems , doi =. 2000 , month =

2000

[8] [8]

3D mixing in hot Jupiters atmospheres. I. Application to the day/night cold trap in HD 209458b. , keywords =. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321132 , archivePrefix =. 1301.4522 , primaryClass =

arXiv