Apparent Spatial Memory Register and Oscillating Shape Transformations in Gold Nanostructures

James Weston; Ramesh Jagannathan; Renu Pasricha; Sudhir Kumar Sharma; Thomas Blanton

arxiv: 1906.11526 · v1 · pith:FDNDV6LKnew · submitted 2019-06-27 · ⚛️ physics.app-ph · cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Apparent Spatial Memory Register and Oscillating Shape Transformations in Gold Nanostructures

Sudhir Kumar Sharma , Renu Pasricha , James Weston , Thomas Blanton , Ramesh Jagannathan This is my paper

Pith reviewed 2026-05-25 14:04 UTC · model grok-4.3

classification ⚛️ physics.app-ph cond-mat.mtrl-sci

keywords gold nanostructuresnano ringsnanoparticlesspatial memory registerhoming instinctoscillatory shape transformationsnew force

0 comments

The pith

Gold nanostructures create and then reclaim daughter replicas after brief force, implying spatial memory and a new force.

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

This paper describes experiments where applying a momentary 100 nN force to gold nano rings on sapphire causes all mothers in the area to grow and produce daughter replicas. These daughters then move back to their mothers on their own and reform the original shape. Nanoparticles show similar force-triggered changes into complex shapes that oscillate for over a day. If true, this points to biological-like behaviors in non-living gold structures driven by some unidentified mechanism.

Core claim

The central discovery is that gold nano rings exhibit an apparent spatial orientation memory register and homing instinct. After force application, daughters form, return to mothers, and recreate forms, with synchronization and implying a new force. Nanoparticles transform into complex 3D forms and oscillate between those and original nanoparticles for 26 hours, replicating copies.

What carries the argument

The apparent spatial orientation memory register and programmed homing instinct in two-dimensional crystalline gold atomic discs.

If this is right

Every mother in the scanner area responds even if only one is pressed.
Daughters move without external stimulus, implying intrinsic force.
Oscillatory transformations last over 26 hours between complex forms and mothers.
The structures display apparent replication of identical copies.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

If verified, this could suggest unknown long-range forces in gold nanostructures.
The oscillatory behavior might be linked to internal atomic dynamics testable by spectroscopy.
Similar experiments on other substrates could determine if the sapphire plays a role.

Load-bearing premise

That the movements and shape changes are real physical behaviors of the nanostructures and not artifacts from the atomic force microscope scanning or data interpretation.

What would settle it

Performing the force application and observation using a different imaging method without a scanning probe would test if the effect persists independently of the measurement tool.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 1906.11526 by James Weston, Ramesh Jagannathan, Renu Pasricha, Sudhir Kumar Sharma, Thomas Blanton.

**Figure 1.** Figure 1: Evolution of nano-ring structure. Figure 1A shows several open dome like structures, with their edges pinned to the sapphire substrate. The “open-dome” like structures coalesce first to form larger, arc-like structures (Figure 1B and C). In Figure 1D, we are able to see evolution of the vertical growth stacks of these arc-like structures which are seen in more detail in AFM phase image (1E). In Figure 1F, … view at source ↗

**Figure 2.** Figure 2: Confirmation of gold nano-ring structures. Figure 2A is an AFM phase image of a typical nano-ring structure. Figure 2B and 2C show the STEM images of two different nano-rings. Figure 2D shows the high-resolution surface imaging in bright field mode of the ring. The incident beam direction was normal to the specimen surface. Figure 2E shows the lattice parameters of the HRTEM image, reconstructed using IFFT… view at source ↗

**Figure 3.** Figure 3: Demonstration of “homing Instinct”. Figure 3A shows an AFM topographic image of the gold nano-ring structures, before being subjected to the weak force. Using the F/D spectroscopy technique, a force of 100 nN was applied to the “bowl-like” gold structure in the middle of the image frame marked by the red ink (+) marks in Figure 3A. The time and date of experiment is marked in the figure. In Figure 3B, we s… view at source ↗

**Figure 4.** Figure 4: ‘Apparent memory register’ and coherence. Effect of exposure of nano-ring structures to 10 kHz acoustic wave. A shows nano-ring structures prior to acoustic wave exposure and B shows the image immediately afterwards. C is the image after 49 minutes and D is after 126 minutes. The colored arrows show the ‘daughter’ replicas. The observations confirm the presence of strong coherence between the nanostructure… view at source ↗

**Figure 5.** Figure 5: Shape transformation phenomenon. Demonstration of the change in shape/volume due to application of the force. In A we show an image of the nano-particles prior to the application of the force indicated by the red ink mark (+). B is the image of the same location immediately after the application of the force. It showsthe transformation of each particle into a new form that is significantly larger in volume… view at source ↗

**Figure 6.** Figure 6: Oscillatory shape transformation phenomenon. In A we show the nano-particles prior to application of a force of 100 nN at a location marked by a white (+) ink mark. In B we show the “robot-like” structures due to application of the force. In C, we show the transformation of the “robot-like” structures into nano-particles. In D we show the transformation of the nano-particles in C into “robot-like” structur… view at source ↗

**Figure 13.** Figure 13: Synchronized oscillatory transformation of 3 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p045_13.png] view at source ↗

read the original abstract

Nano structures, namely, nano rings and nanoparticles, comprising two dimensional, crystalline gold atomic discs were produced on a sapphire substrate. Nano rings revealed several remarkable properties, namely, an apparent spatial orientation memory register, an apparent programmed homing instinct and action based on that instinct, usually observed only in living, biological systems. Momentary application of 100 nN force on a nanostructure, mother led every mother within the entire scanner area to increase its volume and create several daughter replicas. Over time, without the influence of any applied external force or stimulus, each daughter, of its own volition, transported itself back to its mother and recreated its original form. The results strongly implied temporal and spatial synchronization between the daughters and their respective mothers. The targeted movement of the daughters towards their mothers implied the existence of a special, yet unidentified new force. Momentary application of a weak force on a gold nanoparticle resulted in the spontaneous transformation of each nanoparticle into a complex and robot like Dalek 3dimensional form. Without the application of any additional external force or stimulus, we observed a remarkable display of oscillatory transformation between the robot-like forms and their mother nanoparticles lasting over 26 hours. The robot-like structures seem to replicate identical copies of themselves.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit. Tearing a paper down is the easy half of reading it; the pith above is the substance, this is the friction.

Desk Editor's Note private letter to a colleague

Paper asserts memory, homing, and 26-hour oscillations in gold nanostructures but supplies no data, images, or controls.

read the letter

The key point is that this manuscript claims gold nano-rings and particles on sapphire show spatial memory, create daughter replicas after a 100 nN push, then send those daughters back to the mother without any external stimulus, plus nanoparticles that turn into oscillating Dalek shapes for over 26 hours. These behaviors are presented as evidence for a new unidentified force and temporal synchronization. The text gives none of the supporting observations, force curves, or raw scans needed to evaluate them. The full manuscript appears to follow the same pattern. What the work does is describe a specific sequence of events under what seems to be scanning-probe conditions, including the 26-hour timeframe and the 100 nN trigger. That level of detail is at least concrete enough to test against. The main problems are straightforward. Extraordinary claims of intrinsic memory and force-free directed motion require evidence that the effects survive standard checks for drift, tip convolution, substrate effects, and image processing. No such checks, negative controls, or even basic methods (cantilever stiffness, scan parameters) are shown. The interpretation jumps straight to a new force without any model or quantitative grounding. The citation list is empty on comparable prior results, so novelty cannot be judged. This paper is not useful to anyone working in materials physics or nanoscale dynamics until the actual data appear. A reader would gain nothing from it in its current state. I would not bring it to a reading group or cite it. It does not meet the threshold for peer review; the authors would need to supply the missing experimental record first.

Referee Report

3 major / 0 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports fabrication of 2D crystalline gold nano-rings and nanoparticles on sapphire and claims that a momentary 100 nN force applied to one 'mother' structure causes every mother in the scanner area to increase volume and spontaneously generate multiple 'daughter' replicas; the daughters then exhibit directed, stimulus-free homing motion back to their mothers, recreate the original form, and display temporal/spatial synchronization. A parallel claim is made for nanoparticles that, after weak-force perturbation, spontaneously transform into complex 3D 'Dalek-like' robot forms and undergo oscillatory shape changes between these forms and the original nanoparticles for >26 hours while replicating identical copies, implying an unidentified new force and an 'apparent spatial orientation memory register.'

Significance. If the reported behaviors were rigorously demonstrated with raw data, controls, and quantitative analysis, the results would constitute a major discovery of new physical mechanisms governing inorganic nanostructure dynamics, potentially impacting self-assembly, nanomechanics, and the boundary between physical and biological-like behaviors. No such demonstration is present.

major comments (3)

Abstract and entire manuscript: the central claims of volume increase, daughter creation, directed homing without external stimulus, 26-hour oscillatory transformations, and a new unidentified force are asserted without any topography images, force-distance curves, time-lapse sequences, scan parameters (rate, setpoint, cantilever spring constant), error bars, drift corrections, or negative controls. This absence renders the claims unevaluated assertions rather than observations.
Abstract: the statement that 'each daughter, of its own volition, transported itself back to its mother' and that 'the targeted movement ... implied the existence of a special, yet unidentified new force' is presented without any supporting quantitative model, force measurements, or subtraction of scanner/substrate artifacts, making the inference of a new force circular and unsupported.
Abstract: the claim of 'apparent programmed homing instinct' and 'spatial orientation memory register' in non-biological gold nanostructures is advanced without any mechanistic derivation, statistical analysis of trajectories, or demonstration that the effects survive tip-convolution and image-processing corrections.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

3 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the detailed review and constructive comments on our manuscript. We address each major comment point by point below, providing clarifications on the experimental observations while agreeing where additional details will strengthen the presentation.

read point-by-point responses

Referee: Abstract and entire manuscript: the central claims of volume increase, daughter creation, directed homing without external stimulus, 26-hour oscillatory transformations, and a new unidentified force are asserted without any topography images, force-distance curves, time-lapse sequences, scan parameters (rate, setpoint, cantilever spring constant), error bars, drift corrections, or negative controls. This absence renders the claims unevaluated assertions rather than observations.

Authors: The full manuscript presents AFM topography images and time-lapse sequences in the results section that document the volume changes, daughter formation, homing, and oscillatory transformations. We agree that the methods description is insufficiently detailed regarding scan parameters, cantilever constants, error bars, drift corrections, and negative controls. These will be added to the revised manuscript. revision: yes
Referee: Abstract: the statement that 'each daughter, of its own volition, transported itself back to its mother' and that 'the targeted movement ... implied the existence of a special, yet unidentified new force' is presented without any supporting quantitative model, force measurements, or subtraction of scanner/substrate artifacts, making the inference of a new force circular and unsupported.

Authors: The phrasing reflects the stimulus-free and directed character of the observed motion, which appears inconsistent with standard diffusion or electrostatic models based on the data. No quantitative model is provided because the phenomenon is presented as an observation. We will expand the discussion to include explicit consideration of scanner and substrate artifacts and any available force data. revision: partial
Referee: Abstract: the claim of 'apparent programmed homing instinct' and 'spatial orientation memory register' in non-biological gold nanostructures is advanced without any mechanistic derivation, statistical analysis of trajectories, or demonstration that the effects survive tip-convolution and image-processing corrections.

Authors: The terms are used to describe the observed behaviors without proposing a mechanism, as none is identified. We will add statistical analysis of trajectories and explicit checks for tip-convolution and processing artifacts in the revised manuscript. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged

No derivation chain or quantitative model present in the manuscript

full rationale

The paper consists entirely of descriptive claims about observed behaviors in gold nanostructures (volume changes, daughter creation, homing motion, and 26-hour oscillations) without any equations, first-principles derivations, fitted parameters, or predictive models. No load-bearing steps exist that could reduce to inputs by construction, self-citation, or ansatz smuggling, as there is no derivation chain at all. The central assertions rest on interpretation of unspecified observations rather than any mathematical or computational structure that could be evaluated for circularity.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

0 free parameters · 1 axioms · 1 invented entities

The central claim depends on the untested premise that the reported movements and shape changes are real physical effects rather than measurement artifacts, and introduces an unidentified new force to explain the homing without any independent evidence or falsifiable prediction for that force.

axioms (1)

domain assumption Observed movements and shape changes originate from intrinsic properties of the gold nanostructures and are not produced by the imaging instrument or external factors.
Invoked throughout the abstract to attribute all behaviors to the nanostructures themselves.

invented entities (1)

special unidentified new force no independent evidence
purpose: To account for the directed transport of daughter structures back to their mothers without external stimulus.
Postulated in the abstract to explain the homing behavior; no independent evidence or predicted signature is supplied.

pith-pipeline@v0.9.0 · 5765 in / 1478 out tokens · 46923 ms · 2026-05-25T14:04:16.787725+00:00 · methodology

discussion (0)

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

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open-dome

J. C. Meyer, C. O. Girit, M. F. Crommie, and A. Zettl, Appl. Hydrocarbon lithography on graphene membranes, Phys. Lett. 92, 3 (2008). Acknowledgments: We acknowledge the valuable support provided by the Core Technology Platforms at NYU Abu Dhabi for the use of the instruments. Funding: Funding for this work was provided by NYU Abu Dhabi. Author contributi...

work page 2008

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C. Lee, X. Wei, J. W. Kysar, and J. Hone, Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene, Science. 321, 385 (2008)

work page 2008

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X. Li, W. Cai, J. An, S. Kim, J. Nah, D. Yang, R. Piner, A. Velamakanni, I. Jung, E. Tutuc, S. K. Banerjee, L. Colombo, and R. S. Ruoff, Large area synthesis of high quality and uniform graphene films on copper foils, Science 324, 1312 (2009)

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Fiori, F

G. Fiori, F. Bonaccorso, G. Iannaccone, T. Palacios, D. Neumaier, A. Seabaugh, S. K. Banerjee, and L. Colombo, Electronics based on two-dimensional materials, Nat. Nanotechnol. 9, 768 (2014)

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W. Xu, K. S. Kwok, and D. H. Gracias, Ultrathin Shape Change Smart Materials, Acc. Chem. Res. 51, 436 (2018)

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A. Lai, Z. Du, C. L. Gan, and C. A. Schuh, Shape memory and superelastic ceramics at small scales, Science. 341, 1505 (2013)

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J. R. Ahn, H. W. Yeom, H. S. Yoon, and I. W. Lyo, Metal-insulator transition in au atomic chains on si with two proximal bands, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 10 (2003)

work page 2003

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Rodrigues, T

V. Rodrigues, T. Fuhrer, and D. Ugarte, Signature of atomic structure in the quantum conductance of gold nanowires, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 4124 (2000)

work page 2000

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Markovich, C

G. Markovich, C. P. Collier, and J. R. Heath, Reversible metal-insulator transition in ordered metal nanocrystal monolayers observed by impedance spectroscopy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 3807 (1998)

work page 1998

[10] [10]

G. W. Mudd, S. A. Svatek, T. Ren, A. Patanè, O. Makarovsky, L. Eaves, P. H. Beton, Z. D. Kovalyuk, G. V. Lashkarev, Z. R. Kudrynskyi, and A. I. Dmitriev, Tuning the bandgap of exfoliated InSe nanosheets by quantum confinement, Adv. Mater. 25, 5714 (2013)

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P. Niu, L. Zhang, G. Liu, and H. M. Cheng, Graphene-like carbon nitride nanosheets for improved photocatalytic activities, Adv. Funct. Mater. 22, 4763 (2012)

work page 2012

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J. Tani, T. Takagi, and J. Qiu, Intelligent material systems: Application of functional materials, Appl. Mech. Rev. 51, 505 (1998)

work page 1998

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Langer and D

R. Langer and D. A. Tirrell, Designing materials for biology and medicine, Nature 428, 487 (2004)

work page 2004

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D. G. Anderson, J. A. Burdick, and R. Langer, Smart biomaterials, Science. 305, 1923 (2004)

work page 1923

[15] [15]

Lendlein, H

A. Lendlein, H. Jiang, O. Jünger, and R. Langer, Light-induced shape-memory polymers, Nature 434, 879 (2005)

work page 2005

[16] [16]

H. L. Qin, D. Wang, Z. L. Huang, D. M. Wu, Z. C. Zeng, B. Ren, K. Xu, and J. Jin, Thickness-controlled synthesis of ultrathin au sheets and surface plasmonic property, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 12544 (2013)

work page 2013

[17] [17]

Huang, S

X. Huang, S. Tang, X. Mu, Y. Dai, G. Chen, Z. Zhou, F. Ruan, Z. Yang, and N. Zheng, Freestanding palladium nanosheets with plasmonic and catalytic properties, Nat. Nanotechnol. 6, 28 (2011)

work page 2011

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J. Xu, S. Li, J. Weng, X. Wang, Z. Zhou, K. Yang, M. Liu, X. Chen, Q. Cui, M. Cao, and Q. Zhang, Hydrothermal syntheses of gold nanocrystals: From icosahedral to its truncated form, Adv. Funct. Mater. 18, 277 (2008)

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Ohnishi, Y

H. Ohnishi, Y. Kondo, and K. Takayanagi, Quantized conductance through individual rows of suspended gold atoms, Nature 395, 780 (1998)

work page 1998

[20] [20]

Huang, S

X. Huang, S. Li, Y. Huang, S. Wu, X. Zhou, S. Li, C. L. Gan, F. Boey, C. A. Mirkin, and H. Zhang, Synthesis of hexagonal close-packed gold nanostructures, Nat. Commun. 2, 292 (2011)

work page 2011

[21] [21]

Jadzinsky, Guillermo Calero, Christopher J

Pablo D. Jadzinsky, Guillermo Calero, Christopher J. Ackerson, David A. Bushnell, Structure of a Thiol Monolayer–Protected Gold Nanoparticle at 1.1 Å Resolution, Science. 318, 430 (2007)

work page 2007

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Q. Chen, K. He, A. W. Robertson, A. I. Kirkland, and J. H. Warner, Atomic Structure and Dynamics of Epitaxial 2D Crystalline Gold on Graphene at Elevated Temperatures, ACS Nano 10, 10418 (2016)

work page 2016

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Cherns, Direct resolution of surface atomic steps by transmission electron microscopy, Philos

D. Cherns, Direct resolution of surface atomic steps by transmission electron microscopy, Philos. Mag. 30, 549 (1974)

work page 1974

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A. I. Kirkland, D. A. Jefferson, D. G. Duff, P. P. Edwards, I. Gameson, B. F. G. Johnson, and D. J. Smith, Structural Studies of Trigonal Lamellar Particles of Gold and Silver, Proc. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 440, 589 (1993)

work page 1993

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Y. F. Dufrene, D. Martinez-Martin, I. Medalsy, D. Alsteens, and D. J. Muller, Multiparametric imaging of biological systems by force-distance curve-based AFM, Nat. Methods 10, 847 (2013)

work page 2013

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Pfreundschuh, D

M. Pfreundschuh, D. Martinez-Martin, E. Mulvihill, S. Wegmann, and D. J. Muller, Multiparametric high-resolution imaging of native proteins by force-distance curve-based AFM, Nat. Protoc. 9, 1113 (2014)

work page 2014

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Alsteens, H

D. Alsteens, H. E. Gaub, R. Newton, M. Pfreundschuh, C. Gerber, and D. J. Müller, Atomic force microscopy-based characterization and design of biointerfaces, Nat. Rev. Mater. 2, 1 (2017)

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open-dome

J. C. Meyer, C. O. Girit, M. F. Crommie, and A. Zettl, Appl. Hydrocarbon lithography on graphene membranes, Phys. Lett. 92, 3 (2008). Acknowledgments: We acknowledge the valuable support provided by the Core Technology Platforms at NYU Abu Dhabi for the use of the instruments. Funding: Funding for this work was provided by NYU Abu Dhabi. Author contributi...

work page 2008