Pith. sign in

REVIEW 3 major objections 6 minor 30 references

SceneLCM: End-to-End Layout-Guided Interactive Indoor Scene Generation with Latent Consistency Model

T0 review · 3 major / 6 minor · reviewed 2026-08-07 · deepseek-v4-flash

Pith's one-line read The paper claims that Consistency Trajectory Sampling, a two-term loss built on a latent consistency model, lets one text prompt produce a complete multi-room indoor scene and is provably equivalent to consistency distillation.

desk verdict A capable end-to-end scene-generation system undermined by a theoretical claim that does not cover the actual algorithm; worth reviewing but needs a major correction. read the letter →

arxiv 2506.07091 v1 pith:FKIRKTDO submitted 2025-06-08 cs.CV

classification cs.CV
keywords indoorscenegenerationlatentconsistencymodeltext-to-3DLLMlayouttrajectorysampling3DGaussiansplattingmultiresolutiontexturefieldphysics-basedediting
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

SceneLCM is an end-to-end pipeline that tries to turn a single free-text description of a house into a complete multi-room 3D scene, including layout, furniture, environment textures, and physically editable objects, without a human laying out rooms or adjusting assets. The load-bearing new ingredient is Consistency Trajectory Sampling (CTS), a loss that uses a pretrained latent consistency model as a critic to optimize rendered images. The paper claims, with proofs, that CTS is equivalent to standard consistency distillation up to negligible terms, and that at convergence a rendered image differs from some real image by O($\Delta$ t), where $\Delta$ t is the largest timestep gap in the ODE solver. If those claims hold, the framework would make multi-room indoor scene generation fully automated, faster than existing text-to-scene baselines, and compatible with physical simulation for editing. The pipeline is modular: an LLM designs and programmatically validates the layout, a 3D Gaussian stage generates furniture, a multiresolution texture field with a normal-aware cross-attention decoder synthesizes environment textures, and physics proxies enable editing.

What carries the argument

The central object is the Consistency Trajectory Sampling (CTS) loss, a two-term consistency-distillation sampling loss defined on the PF-ODE trajectory (the deterministic denoising path) of a pretrained latent consistency model. The first term compares the noise prediction at a noised step $x_{s\to t}$ with the prediction at the starting noised rendering $x_s$, carrying the self-consistency condition; the second term compares the prediction at $x_s$ with the fixed noise $\epsilon$, carrying the cross-consistency, score-distillation force. The weights are $w_1(t) = c_{\mathrm{out}}(t)(\sigma_t/\alpha_t)$ and $w_2(s, t) = [c_{\mathrm{out}}(t) - c_{\mathrm{out}}(s)](\sigma_s/\alpha_s)$, matching the consistency-function coefficients from the latent consistency model. Supporting machinery includes an LLM with iterative programmatic verification and cluster-based orientation assignment for layouts, 3D Gaussians for furniture, a multiresolution texture field plus normal-aware cross-attention decoder for environment optimization, a zigzag adaptive camera trajectory, and bounding-box or mesh proxies for physics editing.

What would settle it

Run Algorithm 1 while logging both terms of $L_{CTS}$ and the image distance from each rendered view to a matched real view. In the noise-removal regime ($t \le 500$), if the self-consistency term collapses while $\|x_\pi - x_0\|$ stays bounded away from zero, the off-manifold input breaks the equivalence; equivalently, halve the largest solver gap $\Delta t$ repeatedly and test whether $\|x_\pi - x_0\|$ falls roughly linearly, as Theorem 2 predicts.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

On its own terms, the paper's central discovery is a loss-design fact plus a scaffolding result. The fact: the Consistency Trajectory Sampling loss, $\mathcal{L}_{\mathrm{CTS}} = \mathbb{E}[\|w_1(t)(\epsilon_\theta(x_{s\to t}, t, y) - \epsilon_\theta(x_s, s, \varnothing))\|^2 + \|w_2(s, t)(\epsilon_\theta(x_s, s, \varnothing) - \epsilon)\|^2]$, equals the consistency distillation loss up to infinitesimal terms and a constant with $|m| \le 10^{-7}$, in the regime where the ODE solver has local error $O((\Delta t)^{p+1})$ (Theorem 1). The scaffolding result: under a Lipschitz condition on the pretrained noise predictor, if CTS has converged for every camera pose $\pi$, then the rendered image $x_\pi = g(\theta, \pi)$ satisfies $\|x_\pi - x_0\| = O(\Delta t)$ for some real image $x_0$ (Theorem 2). A corollary states that existing LCM-based text-to-3D losses, such as those of DreamLCM and Vividreamer, are special cases of CTS. The framework then uses this loss in the furniture and environment stages, claiming that it produces editable, physically simulated multi-room scenes and outperforms Text2Room, Set-the-Scene, DreamScene, and SceneCraft in a 20-participant user study.

Load-bearing premise

The proofs assume the images fed to the critic during training are properly noised renderings that still live on the model's learned denoising path, while the actual training switches to clean renderings for small timesteps (t <= 500) and drops the second CTS term, a regime the theorems do not analyze.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • If Theorem 1 holds, any LCM-based text-to-3D loss can be reinterpreted as a partial CTS objective, so improvements to CTS should transfer to methods built on DreamLCM-style or Vividreamer-style losses.
  • If Theorem 2 holds, the largest ODE solver gap $\Delta t$ becomes a fidelity dial: smaller gaps should move rendered images closer to the real-image manifold at a predictable linear rate.
  • The framework implies that a full multi-room house, with distinct styles per room, can be generated from one prompt with zero manual layout work, reducing a key bottleneck for embodied-AI and AR/VR indoor environments.
  • The paper's noise-removal design, feeding the clean rendering $x_\pi$ for $t \le 500$ and dropping the second CTS term, claims to cut furniture generation from about 4,000 rounds (36 minutes) to 3,000 rounds (28 minutes) while improving texture detail.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The proof covers only the noised regime where $x_s$ lies on the LCM's ODE trajectory; a plausible reading is that the practical algorithm is a two-phase curriculum, with the noised warm-up doing true consistency distillation and the unnoised $t \le 500$ phase acting as a deterministic detail-refinement critic. A natural test is to ablate the warm-up length and check whether semantic alignment degr
  • The normal-aware decoder's masking of anchors by normal direction is an implicit geometric grouping that does not need semantic labels; it could transfer to other planar mesh-texturing tasks as a cheap style-consistency prior.
  • If the $O(\Delta t)$ bound holds empirically, the timestep grid could be scheduled by prescribing a target image error rather than tuned by trial and error, which would give other consistency-distillation pipelines a principled stopping rule.
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

3 major / 6 minor

Summary. The paper proposes SceneLCM, an end-to-end pipeline for text-guided multi-room indoor scene generation. The system combines an LLM-based layout generation module with an iterative programmatic verification step, a furniture generation stage that optimizes 3D Gaussians with a proposed Consistency Trajectory Sampling (CTS) loss built on a Latent Consistency Model, a multiresolution texture field with a normal-aware cross-attention decoder for environment textures, and a physics-editing post-processing stage. The authors provide two theorems intended to show that CTS is equivalent to consistency distillation up to small terms and that convergence of CTS yields a rendered image within O(Delta t) of a real image. The paper reports qualitative comparisons, ablations, and a user study against Text2Room, Set-the-Scene, DreamScene, and SceneCraft.

Significance. If the theoretical claims held, the CTS loss would be a principled replacement for SDS-style losses in LCM-based 3D generation, and the end-to-end multi-room pipeline with physical editing would be a useful engineering contribution. The paper's strengths are its system scope: LLM-driven layout with programmatic verification, the empirically important noise-removal trick, normal-aware texture decoding, a zigzag camera trajectory adapted to varied room scales, and relatively fast generation. The evaluation includes per-component ablations, a user study, and qualitative comparisons against several recent baselines. However, the central theoretical justification is not established: the proof omits the U-Net Jacobian term without a bound, and the training algorithm explicitly deviates from the assumptions of the theorems. The empirical results are suggestive, but the paper does not demonstrate that its headline theoretical mechanism is the cause of the reported quality gains.

major comments (3)
  1. [Appendix 7.1.1, Eq. (18)] The step labeled (ii) states that the authors "follow DreamFusion and omit the U-Net Jacobian term in practice." This discards the Jacobian of epsilon_theta with respect to x_s without any bound, so the displayed equality L_CD = L_CTS + (-O(h^2)/alpha_{t_{n+1}}) + c_skip(t_{n+1}) O((Delta t)^{p+1}) + m with |m| <= 1e-7 does not follow. The assertions that c_skip(t) alpha_t <= 1e-7 and |c_out(t)-c_out(s)| <= 1e-7 for t >= 30 are stated without derivation, and FP16 rounding alone does not imply a deterministic bound of 1e-7 on the sum of all discarded terms. Because this equivalence is the paper's main theoretical claim, the proof must provide a quantified bound on every omitted term, including the U-Net Jacobian term.
  2. [Sec. 4.2 and Algorithm 1 (Supplement Sec. 7.2.2)] Theorems 1 and 2 assume that the consistency-critic input is x_s = alpha_s x_pi + sigma_s epsilon and that both terms of L_CTS are used. Algorithm 1, however, sets x_s = x_pi (no noise) for iterations after the warm-up stage and, for the regime described as t <= 500, drops the second term w_2(s,t)(epsilon_theta(x_s,s,empty) - epsilon) by setting its gradient to zero. The ablation in Sec. 7.6.2 states that noise removal is critical for speed and detail (3,000 rounds versus 4,000 rounds), so this is not an idle implementation detail. The paper needs either a theorem that covers the noiseless, single-term objective actually optimized, or an explicit statement that the theoretical equivalence applies only to a warm-up variant and not to the deployed loss.
  3. [Sec. 4.2, Theorem 2 and Appendix Theorem 4] Theorem 2 concerns convergence of L_CTS alone, but Algorithm 1 optimizes L_CTS jointly with L_scale, L_layout, and L_normal, and the proof of Theorem 2 assumes L_CTS = 0 exactly for all steps. No argument is given that the fixed point of the combined loss satisfies this premise, nor that the optimizer reaches a zero of L_CTS. The theorem is a conditional statement about an idealized loss; as written, it does not establish the behavior of the reported system, which minimizes a multi-term objective and stops after a finite schedule.
minor comments (6)
  1. [Sec. 4.2, Eq. (5)] The second epsilon_theta in Eq. (5) is written as epsilon_theta(x_s, s, ,empty) with an extra comma, and the empty-condition notation alternates between "empty" and "emptyset"; please standardize the notation.
  2. [Eq. (6) vs. Appendix Eq. (10)] The main text states L_CD = L_CTS + O((Delta t)^2) + m, while the appendix theorem states L_CD = L_CTS + o((Delta t)^2) + m; these are different asymptotic statements and should be reconciled.
  3. [Table 1] Table 1 is difficult to read: the column headers "Editing Physics Multi-room Time (h) User Study" are not aligned with the checkmarks and numeric entries, and the user-study scores are reported without error bars or a significance test.
  4. [Sec. 5.2] The user study uses 20 participants and 3 scenes of 15 seconds; this is a small sample, so the claim that SceneLCM is "far ahead" should be supported by a significance test or confidence intervals.
  5. [Main text and Supplement] The main text numbers the theorems as Theorem 1 and Theorem 2, while the appendix numbers them as Theorem 3 and Theorem 4; please use a single consistent numbering scheme.
  6. [Supplement Sec. 7.6.3] The heading "Ablation Study of servel techniques" contains a typo; it should read "several techniques."

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity: the CTS derivation is an algebraic manipulation of the consistency loss, not an input recycled as a prediction.

full rationale

The paper's central derivation is self-contained in the sense required by the circularity checklist. The Consistency Trajectory Sampling loss (Eq. 5) is explicitly constructed as a rearrangement of the consistency-distillation loss: the proof in Appendix 7.1.1 expands L_CD into three terms and identifies the combination that yields L_CTS, with the residual terms classified as infinitesimal or bounded by m. This is a symbolic derivation from an external, pre-existing definition (Song et al.'s consistency loss and Luo et al.'s latent consistency model), not a fitted parameter or a quantity defined in terms of the paper's own output. Theorems 2 and 4 are conditional statements: assuming convergence of L_CTS and Lipschitz continuity of the noise predictor, the error-propagation argument bounds the distance to a clean image by the Euler solver truncation error. The rendered image x_pi appears as the object being optimized, not as a fitted input that is later renamed as a prediction. No load-bearing self-citation was found: prior work by the same authors (e.g., Fantasia3D) is cited only as related text-to-3D context, while the consistency-model machinery is attributed to external sources. The deviations noted in the manuscript, such as the noise-removal stage in Algorithm 1 and the omission of the U-Net Jacobian following DreamFusion, are potential correctness or rigor gaps because they mean the theorems may not cover the exact loss optimized; however, they do not make the derivation circular, because the paper does not assume the conclusion it purports to prove. Any concerns about these gaps are correctness risks, not evidence of circularity, and therefore the appropriate circularity score is 0.

Assumptions & free parameters 4 free parameters · 5 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The core derivation adds no fitted constants, but it imports several unverified assumptions: the pretrained LCM critic behaves as a consistency function on rendered inputs, DPM-Solver local error and Lipschitz bounds hold, and FP16 rounding makes residual terms negligible. The paper also uses hand-chosen schedules, noise-removal thresholds, and camera paths that sit outside the theory. No new physical entities are introduced.

free parameters (4)
  • Noise-removal threshold and warm-up schedule = t_cut=500; warm-up rounds not fully specified
    Algorithm 1 and Sec. 4.2 use a hand-chosen warm-up followed by x_s = x_pi when t <= 500. This changes the loss from the one analyzed in the theorems.
  • Zigzag camera trajectory parameters = unspecified
    Sec. 4.3.2 and Fig. 16 describe camera and target moving in opposite directions with height inversely proportional to target height, but give no numeric amplitudes, speeds, or sampling densities.
  • Loss weights for L_CTS, Lscale, Lnormal, Llayout = not reported
    Sec. 4.2 and Algorithm 1 state that extra losses are omitted from the description for simplicity; the realized objective is underdetermined.
  • Object-removal fraction in environment training = 0.5
    Sec. 7.2.3 says half of the furniture is removed during the object-remove stage, with no ablation or justification.
assumptions (5)
  • domain assumption Pretrained LCM noise predictor epsilon_theta is a valid consistency critic for rendered 3DGS and texture-field images.
    Sec. 4.2 and Algorithm 1 use epsilon_theta to score x_pi; Theorem 4 needs L_CTS=0 to imply x_pi approximates a real image.
  • standard math DPM-Solver local error is O((Delta t)^(p+1)) with p>=1, and epsilon_theta is Lipschitz.
    Stated in Theorems 1 and 2. Plausible for a well-posed solver, but not verified for the specific pretrained LCM used.
  • ad hoc to paper The U-Net Jacobian term may be omitted, and FP16/device rounding makes residual terms m, c_skip(t)alpha_t, and (cout(tn)-cout(tn+1))(sigma_tn/alpha_tn) negligible.
    Eq. (18) in Appendix 7.1.1 converts a DreamFusion-style approximation into an exact equality; the claimed 1e-7 bounds are asserted, not proven.
  • domain assumption Fused z-buffer rendering of furniture and layout gives a faithful image for diffusion scoring.
    Eq. (4) in Sec. 3 fuses depth maps; if the fusion produces artifacts, CTS gradients optimize incorrect pixels.
  • domain assumption Point-E-initialized 3D Gaussians contain enough geometric structure for the text prompt.
    Sec. 5 initializes objects with Point-E and no geometric refinement stage is fully described, so object geometry depends on this prior.

how reviews work

0 comments
Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of SceneLCM: End-to-End Layout-Guided Interactive Indoor Scene Generation with Latent Consistency Model." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/FKIRKTDO

@misc{pith2026250607091,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: SceneLCM: End-to-End Layout-Guided Interactive Indoor Scene Generation with Latent Consistency Model},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/FKIRKTDO}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2506.07091}
}
read the original abstract

Our project page: https://scutyklin.github.io/SceneLCM/. Automated generation of complex, interactive indoor scenes tailored to user prompt remains a formidable challenge. While existing methods achieve indoor scene synthesis, they struggle with rigid editing constraints, physical incoherence, excessive human effort, single-room limitations, and suboptimal material quality. To address these limitations, we propose SceneLCM, an end-to-end framework that synergizes Large Language Model (LLM) for layout design with Latent Consistency Model(LCM) for scene optimization. Our approach decomposes scene generation into four modular pipelines: (1) Layout Generation. We employ LLM-guided 3D spatial reasoning to convert textual descriptions into parametric blueprints(3D layout). And an iterative programmatic validation mechanism iteratively refines layout parameters through LLM-mediated dialogue loops; (2) Furniture Generation. SceneLCM employs Consistency Trajectory Sampling(CTS), a consistency distillation sampling loss guided by LCM, to form fast, semantically rich, and high-quality representations. We also offer two theoretical justification to demonstrate that our CTS loss is equivalent to consistency loss and its distillation error is bounded by the truncation error of the Euler solver; (3) Environment Optimization. We use a multiresolution texture field to encode the appearance of the scene, and optimize via CTS loss. To maintain cross-geometric texture coherence, we introduce a normal-aware cross-attention decoder to predict RGB by cross-attending to the anchors locations in geometrically heterogeneous instance. (4)Physically Editing. SceneLCM supports physically editing by integrating physical simulation, achieved persistent physical realism. Extensive experiments validate SceneLCM's superiority over state-of-the-art techniques, showing its wide-ranging potential for diverse applications.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2506.07091 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Given a textual description of the house, our end-to-end framework enables automated generation of multi-room, multi-scale indoor scene, while supporting controllable scene generation, physically editing, and texture editing of environment. Abstract Our project page: https://scutyklin.github.io/SceneLCM/. Automated generation of complex, interactive indoor scenes tailored to user prompt remains a formidable challeng… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. The overview of Layout Generation. Taking a free-form textual input, our pipeline generates the 3Dlayout by: (i)(ii)comprehending and elaborating on the textual prompt through querying an LLM with templated prompts; (iii)transfer the floorplan and furniture configuration into program and apply Iterative Programmatic Verification Mechanism refine the program to achieve the overlap error-free condition; (iv) Organize … view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. The overview of SceneLCM. We primarily employ CTS loss to jointly generate high-quality furniture and optimize environment appearance. Additionally, SceneLCM ensures scene-wide consistency through camera sampling and allows for flexible editing by integrating furniture with the environments in the scene. 3D Layout 3D layout acts as a rough outline for the house layout and is defined by semantic bounding boxes which … view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (30 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Normal-aware Texture Decoder. We mask out the anchors which have the same normal as the UV coordinate and extract the texture embedding for the XYZ and anchors. Then we employ a cross-attention to produce the final UV embeddings [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p006_4.png]
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Qualitative comparisons of SceneLCM and baselines. Set-the-SceneCohen-Bar et al. [2023] and Text2roomHöllein et al. [2023] generate incomplete results; The floorplan of DreamSceneLi et al. [2024a] is automatically generated and the enviroment exhibits multi-view incons…
Figure 6
Figure 6. Figure 6: Generation results of SceneLCM in multi-room. The left column represents the layout, where we distill the multi-resolution texture field on a 4096×4096 texture map serving as the texture map of layout. We demonstrate SceneLCM’s ability to generate more complex indoor s…
Figure 8
Figure 8. Figure 8: Comparison with baselines in text-to-3D generation. diffusion ϵθ: ∇ϕLCT S = Et,ϵ[(|w1(t)(ϵθ(xs→t, t, y, xd π )−ϵθ(xs, s, , ∅))|+|w2(s, t)(ϵθ(xs, s, ∅)−ϵ)|) ∂M(ε(q); ϕ) ∂ϕ ] (9) where xs = αsxπ + σsϵ, xπ = M(ε(q); ϕ) and x d π is the depth map of xπ. We also remove the …
Figure 9
Figure 9. Figure 9: Ablation Study of m in Object Generation. 22 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p022_9.png]
Figure 10
Figure 10. Figure 10: Ablation Study of m in Scene Generation. After training, we distill the texture field into a texture map and import the environment into BlenderCommunity [2018] for visualization. – Iteractive Programmatic Verification Mechanism: Ensure that no overlapping occurs betw…
Figure 11
Figure 11. Figure 11: Layout pipeline and code example. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 10 12 13 14 chair desk lamp sofa table tv stand floor group 1 group 2 orientation 1 1 9 2 2 9 3 3 9 4 4 9 5 5 9 6 6 9 7 7 9 8 8 9 9 south 10 10 13 11 11 10 12 12 10 13 14 14 13 north orientation 1 east 2 east 3 ea…
Figure 12
Figure 12. Figure 12: Cluster-based Orientation Assignment. – Iteratively feed the error and program into the LLM for parameter refinement. – The previous methodsFu et al. [2024], Yang et al. [2024b] generate all the layout parameters in a single query to the LLM. However, when dealing wit…
Figure 13
Figure 13. Figure 13: Comparisons of 3D layout mesh and scene mesh in 3D FRONT dataset. Our layout consists of simple planar structures. In contrast, intricate geometries on walls within 3D FRONT dataset. the noise and set xs = xπ as shown in Algorithm 1, to allow the model to concentrate …
Figure 14
Figure 14. Figure 14: Room Scale. Our layout encompasses rooms of various scales, necessitating a camera trajectory that is sufficiently robust. critical fact: regions with different normals often exhibit distinct texture characteristics. For example, the floor, walls, and ceiling of a roo…
Figure 15
Figure 15. Figure 15: The issue of sphere camera trajectory. When the room has equal length and width, placing the camera at the center can capture a relatively good camera view (as shown on the left). However, when the room is relatively narrow (as shown on the right), the camera rays wil…
Figure 16
Figure 16. Figure 16: Zigzag camera trajectory. The first row is the camera trajectory viewed from the z-axis, the second row is the camera trajectory viewed from the y-axis. The camera moves along the wall, while the target moves in the opposite direction relative to the camera along the …
Figure 17
Figure 17. Figure 17: Comparisons of SceneLCM and baselines. s e t - t h e - s c e n e t e x t 2 r o o m D r e a m S c e n e S c e n e C r a ft O u r prompt: A chinese traditional style study room, beautiful floor. Set-the-Scene: fail to split different furniture text2room: unsatisfied res…
Figure 18
Figure 18. Figure 18: Comparisons of SceneLCM and baselines. 32 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p032_18.png]
Figure 19
Figure 19. Figure 19: Layout of SceneCraft. Our 53 furniture in house 10.6 furniture each room (avg) anyhome holodeck InstrucScene Architect 34 furniture in house 6.8 furniture each room (avg) 37 furniture in house 7.4 furniture each room (avg) \ 5.5 furniture each room (avg) \ 7 furniture…
Figure 20
Figure 20. Figure 20: Layout Comparison with 4 basedline. AnyHomeFu et al. [2024] generates unreasonable layouts due to partial furniture omission. HolodeckYang et al. [2024b] fails to create inter-room passageways and tends to align objects along walls. InstructSceneLin and Mu [2024] and …
Figure 21
Figure 21. Figure 21: physical editing. Tilting the room by 30 degrees causes objects to slide downward due to gravity. 33 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p033_21.png]
Figure 22
Figure 22. Figure 22: objects results 7.5 Additional Experiments • We conduct comparative experiments on layout generation. • We conduct additional experiments on 2 house layout which contain 4 rooms and 3 rooms respectively. We conducted experiments across 4 houses, comprising a total of …
Figure 23
Figure 23. Figure 23: object resuluts 35 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p035_23.png]
Figure 24
Figure 24. Figure 24: Additional Experiments Results for layout 1. 2 3 1 4 5 7 6 8 10 9 11 12 14 13 15 16 6 1 2 3 4 5 9 7 8 12 13 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 17 19 18 20 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p036_24.png]
Figure 25
Figure 25. Figure 25: Additional Experiments Results for layout 2. 36 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p036_25.png]
Figure 26
Figure 26. Figure 26: Additional Experiments Results for layout 3. 6 1 2 3 4 5 9 7 8 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 6 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p037_26.png]
Figure 27
Figure 27. Figure 27: Additional Experiments Results for layout 4. 37 [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p037_27.png]
Figure 28
Figure 28. Figure 28: Environment Editing. We can export the texture map and editing the texture via textur e map. with orientation refine w with orientation refine without orientation refine ithout orientation refine [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p038_28.png]
Figure 29
Figure 29. Figure 29: Ablation Study of Cluster-based Orientation Assignment. Red arrows indicate incorrect object orientations, as LLMs tend to generate uniform orientations for identical objects. Our method effectively corrects these inaccurate orientations. 7.5.4 Editing • Environment T…
Figure 30
Figure 30. Figure 30: Ablation Study of noise removal. w o t e x t u r e fi e l d w o n o i s e r e m o v e l O u r [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p039_30.png]
Figure 31
Figure 31. Figure 31: Ablation Study of noise removal and texture field on scene level(prompt: "A room in the style of Van Gogh"). Noise removal not only enhances the realism of generated scenes but also facilitates the generation of finer details, such as floor textures and patterns. Text…
Figure 32
Figure 32. Figure 32: Ablation Study of normal decoder. Obviously, normal-aware decoder can generate much more details. zig z a g c a m e r a tr aje cto r y S p h e r e c a m e r a tr aje cto r y [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p040_32.png]
Figure 33
Figure 33. Figure 33: Ablation Study of camera trajectory. Placing the camera at the center results in the inability to capture combined entities (wall + floor + ceiling), preventing the model from recognizing the current entity’s semantics and causing texture blurriness. 40 [PITH_FULL_IM…
Figure 34
Figure 34. Figure 34: Ablation Study of servel techniques. These techniques introduce additional randomness into our initialization process, enabling successful optimization. Note: Final results are not presented here, as our model cannot converge without these techniques. • zigzag camera …

Discussion (0). Sign in to comment.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

30 extracted references · 14 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Gpt-4 technical report

    Josh Achiam, Steven Adler, Sandhini Agarwal, Lama Ahmad, Ilge Akkaya, Florencia Leoni Aleman, Diogo Almeida, Janko Altenschmidt, Sam Altman, Shyamal Anadkat, et al. Gpt-4 technical report. arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.08774,

  2. [2]

    +m h=log( αtn σtn )−log( αtn+1 σtn+1 ) (10) Proof The proof is based on the formulation defined in Latent Consistency ModelLuo et al. [2023]. We have fθ(x, t) =c skip(t)x+c out(t)Fθ(xt, t), where Fθ(xt, t) = xt−σtϵθ(xt,t) αt , cskip(t) = σ2 ( t 0.1 )2+σ2 , cout(t) = t 0.1√ ( t 0.1 )2+σ2 , and σ= 1

  3. [3]

    Language models are few-shot learners.Advances in neural information processing systems, 33:1877–1901,

    Tom Brown, Benjamin Mann, Nick Ryder, Melanie Subbiah, Jared D Kaplan, Prafulla Dhariwal, Arvind Neelakantan, Pranav Shyam, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, et al. Language models are few-shot learners.Advances in neural information processing systems, 33:1877–1901,

  4. [8]

    2d gaussian splatting for geometrically accurate radiance fields

    Binbin Huang, Zehao Yu, Anpei Chen, Andreas Geiger, and Shenghua Gao. 2d gaussian splatting for geometrically accurate radiance fields. InACM SIGGRAPH 2024 conference papers, pages 1–11, 2024a. Yukun Huang, Jianan Wang, Yukai Shi, Boshi Tang, Xianbiao Qi, and Lei Zhang. Dreamtime: An improved optimization strategy for diffusion-guided 3d generation. InThe...

  5. [9]

    Deepseek-v3 technical report.arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.19437,

    Aixin Liu, Bei Feng, Bing Xue, Bingxuan Wang, Bochao Wu, Chengda Lu, Chenggang Zhao, Chengqi Deng, Chenyu Zhang, Chong Ruan, et al. Deepseek-v3 technical report.arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.19437,

  6. [11]

    Point-e: A system for generating 3d point clouds from complex prompts.arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.08751,

    Alex Nichol, Heewoo Jun, Prafulla Dhariwal, Pamela Mishkin, and Mark Chen. Point-e: A system for generating 3d point clouds from complex prompts.arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.08751,

  7. [14]

    Score jacobian chaining: Lifting pretrained 2d diffusion models for 3d generation

    Haochen Wang, Xiaodan Du, Jiahao Li, Raymond A Yeh, and Greg Shakhnarovich. Score jacobian chaining: Lifting pretrained 2d diffusion models for 3d generation. InProceedings of the IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pages 12619–12629, 2023a. Qi Wang, Ruijie Lu, Xudong Xu, Jingbo Wang, Michael Yu Wang, Bo Dai, Gang Zeng, and Dan...

  8. [15]

    Consistent flow distillation for text-to-3d generation

    Runjie Yan, Yinbo Chen, and Xiaolong Wang. Consistent flow distillation for text-to-3d generation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2501.05445,

Show all 30 references
  1. [16]

    Rade-gs: Rasterizing depth in gaussian splatting.arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.01467, 2024a

    13 Baowen Zhang, Chuan Fang, Rakesh Shrestha, Yixun Liang, Xiaoxiao Long, and Ping Tan. Rade-gs: Rasterizing depth in gaussian splatting.arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.01467, 2024a. Biao Zhang, Jiapeng Tang, Matthias Niessner, and Peter Wonka. 3dshape2vecset: A 3d shape representat...

  2. [17]

    Hifa: High-fidelity text-to-3d generation with ad- vanced diffusion guidance

    Junzhe Zhu, Peiye Zhuang, and Sanmi Koyejo. Hifa: High-fidelity text-to-3d generation with ad- vanced diffusion guidance. InThe Twelfth International Conference on Learning Representations. 14 7 Supplement Detail • Theoretical Proof 7.1.1 • Pipeline Detail 7.2 • Discussion for...

  3. [19]

    Proof 1: Proof Given LCT S(ξ) = 0, for any t, s, we have ϵ(xs→t, t) =ϵθ(xs, s)and T≥t n ≥t n−1 ≥0 . AssumeGis DPM solver and follow the first-order definition of DPM-Solver, givene, we have: G(xs→t, t, e) =αe αt xs→t −σ e(e−h −1)ϵ θ(xs→t, t) = αe αt xs→t −α e( σt αt − σe αe )ϵ...

  4. [20]

    Therefor, we can drive the error recursively: ||eT || ≤ N−1X i=1 O((ti −t i−1)2) ≤ N−1X i=1 (ti −t i−1)O((△)) ≤O((△))(T−ξ) (29) The proof is completed

    ≤(L+ 1)O((t n −t n+1)2) +||e n−1|| =||en−1||+O((t n −t n+1)2) (28) 19 where (vi) and (vii) hold according to the Lipschitz condition and local error of Euler solver respectively. Therefor, we can drive the error recursively: ||eT || ≤ N−1X i=1 O((ti −t i−1)2) ≤ N−1X i=1 (ti −t...

  5. [21]

    Consistent3DWu et al

    can ensures both self-consistency and cross- consistency. Consistent3DWu et al. [2024b] and CCDLi et al. [2024b] drive the inspiration from Consistency modelSong et al. [2023], however, they are still trained based on Stable Diffusion-2-1Ho et al. [2020]. Hence, we merely cons...

  6. [22]

    [2024b] that based on LCMLuo et al

    and VividdreamerChen et al. [2024b] that based on LCMLuo et al. [2023]. ProofDreamLCMZhong et al. [2024]: LDreamLCM =E t,c[w(t)(ϵθ(xt, t)−ϵ)∂g(θ, c) ∂θ ](30) wherex t is obtained by Euler Solver fromx s andx s =α sxπ +σ sϵ,ϵ∈N(0, I). VividreamerChen et al. [2024b]: Lvividreame...

  7. [23]

    When a location overlapping occurs, we reuse the LLM to adjust

    (2) To change the orientation of an furniture, it is necessary to rotate it. When a location overlapping occurs, we reuse the LLM to adjust. (3) The furniture at the center of the group will serve as the reference object. For example, furniture and in the left figure. 9 13 Fig...

  8. [24]

    as the based model to enhance the SDS lossPoole et al. [2022]. Therefore, these models only adopt the concept of consistency modelWu et al. [2024b], Li et al. [2024b] or employ the consistency model as based modelZhong et al. [2024], Chen et al. [2024b], but fail to conduct in...

  9. [25]

    Our CTS loss effectively resolves these issues

    that act on the predicted noise ϵθ(·;·) . Our CTS loss effectively resolves these issues. 25 Algorithm.It is worth noting that w2(s, t)tends to zero as t decreases. Hence we remove the second term when t≤500 . Additionally, we employ Lscale, Llayout, and Lnormal for detail. Ne...

  10. [26]

    • For more precise physics simulation, we employ RadeGSZhang et al

    and export the translation and rotation matrix. • For more precise physics simulation, we employ RadeGSZhang et al. [2024a] to extract the mesh, which is then utilized as a proxy for conducting the physical simulation. 7.3 Discussion for Related Work 7.3.1 Indoor Scene Generat...

  11. [27]

    Additionally, Consistent3d is a two stage method and our method is one step

    as 3D representation that ray tracing methods can not incorporate into our framework. Additionally, Consistent3d is a two stage method and our method is one step. Hence, we did not compare this methods. • CFDYan et al. [2025]: CFD and Consistent3D initialize 3D model by MVDrea...

  12. [28]

    • Physically plausible editing for multi-objects

    • We provide additional visual results for both environments and objects. • Physically plausible editing for multi-objects. As shown in Figure 21, our model adheres to physical laws during the editing process. • Editing 7.5.1 Comparative Experiments on Layout To ensure fairnes...

  13. [29]

    Additionally, InstructScene did not generate walls, which were manually created by us

    generate a json file for saving bounding box of objects, we directly plot these bounding box in blenderCommunity [2018]. Additionally, InstructScene did not generate walls, which were manually created by us. As shown in Figure 20, our methods can generate more furniture and en...

  14. [30]

    an office chair

    • Furniture Editing: –Create –Delete –Remove –Update 7.6 Ablation Study 7.6.1 layout generation • Iteractive Programmatic Verification Mechanism: As shown in Figure 20, without our proposed method, we would encounter the same issue as anyhomeFu et al. [2024], where partial fur...

  15. [2018]

    Wei Deng, Mengshi Qi, and Huadong Ma

    URLhttp://www.blender.org. Wei Deng, Mengshi Qi, and Huadong Ma. Global-local tree search in vlms for 3d indoor scene generation.arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.18476,

  16. [2019]

    Dreamfusion: Text-to-3d using 2d diffusion.arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.14988,

    Ben Poole, Ajay Jain, Jonathan T Barron, and Ben Mildenhall. Dreamfusion: Text-to-3d using 2d diffusion.arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.14988,

  17. [2020]

    Scenetex: High-quality texture synthesis for indoor scenes via diffusion priors

    10 Dave Zhenyu Chen, Haoxuan Li, Hsin-Ying Lee, Sergey Tulyakov, and Matthias Nießner. Scenetex: High-quality texture synthesis for indoor scenes via diffusion priors. InProceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pages 21081–21091, 2024a...

  18. [2021]

    Latent consistency models: Synthesizing high-resolution images with few-step inference.arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.04378,

    Simian Luo, Yiqin Tan, Longbo Huang, Jian Li, and Hang Zhao. Latent consistency models: Synthesizing high-resolution images with few-step inference.arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.04378,

  19. [2022]

    Accelerating 3d deep learning with pytorch3d.arXiv:2007.08501,

    Nikhila Ravi, Jeremy Reizenstein, David Novotny, Taylor Gordon, Wan-Yen Lo, Justin Johnson, and Georgia Gkioxari. Accelerating 3d deep learning with pytorch3d.arXiv:2007.08501,

  20. [2023]

    Re-imagine the negative prompt algorithm: Transform 2d diffusion into 3d, alleviate janus problem and beyond.arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.04968,

    Mohammadreza Armandpour, Ali Sadeghian, Huangjie Zheng, Amir Sadeghian, and Mingyuan Zhou. Re-imagine the negative prompt algorithm: Transform 2d diffusion into 3d, alleviate janus problem and beyond.arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.04968,

  21. [2024]

    Deepseek-r1: Incentivizing reasoning capability in llms via reinforcement learning.arXiv preprint arXiv:2501.12948,

    Daya Guo, Dejian Yang, Haowei Zhang, Junxiao Song, Ruoyu Zhang, Runxin Xu, Qihao Zhu, Shirong Ma, Peiyi Wang, Xiao Bi, et al. Deepseek-r1: Incentivizing reasoning capability in llms via reinforcement learning.arXiv preprint arXiv:2501.12948,

  22. [2025]

    Classifier-free diffusion guidance

    Jonathan Ho and Tim Salimans. Classifier-free diffusion guidance. InNeurIPS 2021 Workshop on Deep Generative Models and Downstream Applications,

Pith tools

Reviewed August 7, 2026 · model on record in the stance chip above.