Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services

As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 29 of 29 outbound references and 2 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.18471.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2505.18471 v1

Coverage vector

measured 29 of 29 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.888497Z

measured 31 of 31 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 2 of 2 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-06-27T01:53:33.337375Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-07-03T19:18:55.047400Z

Reference resolution

29 of 29 outbound references displayed

verified exact1
verified fuzzy2
unresolved25
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 7a8220ed-826d-460e-ac08-326823e5be4d · outbound

This paper cites Accessed: 2025-05-22.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services Accessed: 2025-05-22

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.774922Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1e05a6e3-11f7-41e4-af7b-2d666af5c970 · outbound

This paper cites Stealing Part of a Production Language Model.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services Stealing Part of a Production Language Model

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.779319Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7ad124cc-822b-4046-91b2-10ba004ecbae · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 6

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.789047Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1a785988-8a13-4181-99c2-3df404953af3 · outbound

This paper cites Large Language Model-based Human-Agent Collaboration for Complex Task Solving.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services Large Language Model-based Human-Agent Collaboration for Complex Task Solving

Reference 7

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.793077Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ca2cef66-2fc7-4468-8175-d11707e30f52 · outbound

This paper cites Accessed: 2025-05-22.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services Accessed: 2025-05-22

Reference 8

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:35.348246Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 4e7bea7b-2027-42a1-9dce-628002c669d4 · outbound

This paper cites Planning, Creation, Usage: Benchmarking LLMs for Comprehensive Tool Utilization in Real-World Complex Scenarios.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services Planning, Creation, Usage: Benchmarking LLMs for Comprehensive Tool Utilization in Real-World Complex Scenarios

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.802691Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 11a9814e-3dd9-406e-9322-00a86660c0de · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4o System Card.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services GPT-4o System Card

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.807572Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 484538c2-e6bf-4cd9-aca7-7136f221bc46 · outbound

This paper cites OpenAI o1 System Card.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services OpenAI o1 System Card

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.811500Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation be51e42f-0e70-476d-9a6d-26463ffa2c86 · outbound

This paper cites Commercial LLM Agents Are Already Vulnerable to Simple Yet Dangerous Attacks.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services Commercial LLM Agents Are Already Vulnerable to Simple Yet Dangerous Attacks

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.815687Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation dbd88b35-1cd6-4f4d-a67a-46f92a7aa064 · outbound

This paper cites ToolSandbox: A Stateful, Conversational, Interactive Evaluation Benchmark for LLM Tool Use Capabilities.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services ToolSandbox: A Stateful, Conversational, Interactive Evaluation Benchmark for LLM Tool Use Capabilities

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.819687Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 335fd64a-69fb-4136-8079-a880af67bf0a · outbound

This paper cites Accessed: 2025-05-22.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services Accessed: 2025-05-22

Reference 14

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:35.336562Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 6d0b48b0-9d99-492a-a3b3-71312958c0a9 · outbound

This paper cites Can LLM Watermarks Robustly Prevent Unauthorized Knowledge Distillation?.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services Can LLM Watermarks Robustly Prevent Unauthorized Knowledge Distillation?

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.831678Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0e9348c7-39f3-4d8a-b077-4764c620e66d · outbound

This paper cites Teach LLMs to Phish: Stealing Private Information from Language Models.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services Teach LLMs to Phish: Stealing Private Information from Language Models

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.835194Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1f5aceee-442c-4a8e-b4f8-e046e29493ad · outbound

This paper cites The What, Why, and How of Context Length Extension Techniques in Large Language Models -- A Detailed Survey.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services The What, Why, and How of Context Length Extension Techniques in Large Language Models -- A Detailed Survey

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.838742Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e9f5089a-20d1-43c1-927b-5d1708a2d893 · outbound

This paper cites Self-Reflection in LLM Agents: Effects on Problem-Solving Performance.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services Self-Reflection in LLM Agents: Effects on Problem-Solving Performance

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.842517Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5b7ce4f9-7ec4-4358-9abe-cf84772365cc · outbound

This paper cites Great, Now Write an Article About That: The Crescendo Multi-Turn LLM Jailbreak Attack.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services Great, Now Write an Article About That: The Crescendo Multi-Turn LLM Jailbreak Attack

Reference 20

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.848101Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7defa5c8-fa1f-40c4-8dd1-49dc194cca4e · outbound

This paper cites Antidistillation sampling.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services Antidistillation sampling

Reference 21

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.852610Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b10dc6d5-eff2-4e7d-829d-d80c5f176871 · outbound

This paper cites Stop Overthinking: A Survey on Efficient Reasoning for Large Language Models.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services Stop Overthinking: A Survey on Efficient Reasoning for Large Language Models

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.856135Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 826a7dcf-d094-4048-83c2-9b26e5be2b03 · outbound

This paper cites Why and How LLMs Hallucinate: Connecting the Dots with Subsequence Associations.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services Why and How LLMs Hallucinate: Connecting the Dots with Subsequence Associations

Reference 23

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.997893Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation a73c2ad8-d5a0-4ea3-9a04-6041ebefc77d · outbound

This paper cites Multi-Agent Collaboration Mechanisms: A Survey of LLMs.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services Multi-Agent Collaboration Mechanisms: A Survey of LLMs

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.863502Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 36d40690-2b23-4e58-aca1-4e32eff4c2b1 · outbound

This paper cites AgentVigil: Generic Black-Box Red-teaming for Indirect Prompt Injection against LLM Agents.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services AgentVigil: Generic Black-Box Red-teaming for Indirect Prompt Injection against LLM Agents

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.867377Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4a7586b4-a98c-4edd-8f71-0fdc745daaa6 · outbound

This paper cites PlanGenLLMs: A Modern Survey of LLM Planning Capabilities.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services PlanGenLLMs: A Modern Survey of LLM Planning Capabilities

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.871007Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 5e6df8ab-21e5-48cc-86d8-1983191ddba4 · outbound

This paper cites A Survey on Trustworthy LLM Agents: Threats and Countermeasures.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services A Survey on Trustworthy LLM Agents: Threats and Countermeasures

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.875662Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 2b27fdf1-b790-4528-a162-9819c6c976fd · outbound

This paper cites Verbosity $\neq$ Veracity: Demystify Verbosity Compensation Behavior of Large Language Models.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services Verbosity $\neq$ Veracity: Demystify Verbosity Compensation Behavior of Large Language Models

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.879397Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 71b88f76-74d2-4beb-a820-dc07c59418d9 · outbound

This paper cites Distillation-Resistant Watermarking for Model Protection in NLP.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services Distillation-Resistant Watermarking for Model Protection in NLP

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.883800Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3f482d25-01ca-4690-aa9c-79633aa8871b · outbound

This paper cites s1: Simple test-time scaling.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services s1: Simple test-time scaling

Reference 1987

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.827931Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f16bb8d6-a654-4890-af61-f576c7cf8e4c · outbound

This paper cites Provable Robust Watermarking for AI-Generated Text.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services Provable Robust Watermarking for AI-Generated Text

Reference 2022

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.888497Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d1c0f66f-2573-4886-87c0-77759f9b9603 · outbound

This paper cites Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models

Reference 2023

Resolution: malformed identifier; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.771086Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e68009f3-9ccb-4421-9029-f80ce0b1f66f · outbound

This paper cites HuatuoGPT-o1, Towards Medical Complex Reasoning with LLMs.

Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services HuatuoGPT-o1, Towards Medical Complex Reasoning with LLMs

Reference 2024

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-07T14:34:34.783747Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 084fee8b-6d26-4788-abae-40842d1e23e3 · inbound

Behavioral Consistency and Transparency Analysis on Large Language Model API Gateways cites this paper.

Behavioral Consistency and Transparency Analysis on Large Language Model API Gateways Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services

Reference 25

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-11T13:56:06.292752Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 2b764620-562f-4f56-8e99-a951d58f32f2 · inbound

Online LLM Selection via Constrained Bandits with Time-Varying Demand cites this paper.

Online LLM Selection via Constrained Bandits with Time-Varying Demand Invisible Tokens, Visible Bills: The Urgent Need to Audit Hidden Operations in Opaque LLM Services

Reference 8

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-07-03T19:18:55.048959Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.