Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA

As of 17 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 39 of 39 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2412.04573.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2412.04573 v1

Coverage vector

measured 39 of 39 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:32.982735Z

measured 40 of 40 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-07T15:29:04.745921Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: pith, observed 2026-08-07T15:29:10.912373Z

Reference resolution

39 of 39 outbound references displayed

verified exact9
verified fuzzy8
unresolved21
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier1
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation faeaa37e-e8e6-4950-bf2f-e9ca195c920b · outbound

This paper cites GPT-4 Technical Report.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA GPT-4 Technical Report

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:32.784958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation aead51a5-30a1-4049-ba96-34b49eac86cc · outbound

This paper cites Llama 3 model card.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Llama 3 model card

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:32.790470Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9da58eb9-e552-4038-b082-07c6e1ad3f8f · outbound

This paper cites Synthetic QA corpora generation with roundtrip consistency.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Synthetic QA corpora generation with roundtrip consistency

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:32.795612Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7d1c86fc-78f7-4b98-8c8e-0b51583f7ac0 · outbound

This paper cites S yn KB : Semantic search for synthetic procedures.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA S yn KB : Semantic search for synthetic procedures

Reference 4

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:33.247640Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation f1a0c459-2db4-467c-b942-47a0fa8df6cf · outbound

This paper cites Schema-Driven Information Extraction from Heterogeneous Tables.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Schema-Driven Information Extraction from Heterogeneous Tables

Reference 5

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:33.461466Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 7e9efd1b-b48d-45a8-831d-63686754d932 · outbound

This paper cites F ewshot QA : A simple framework for few-shot learning of question answering tasks using pre-trained text-to-text models.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA F ewshot QA : A simple framework for few-shot learning of question answering tasks using pre-trained text-to-text models

Reference 6

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:33.231628Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 8ea9d79b-ba13-45d0-91bf-257345e90153 · outbound

This paper cites Minprompt: Graph-based minimal prompt data augmentation for few-shot question answering, 2024.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Minprompt: Graph-based minimal prompt data augmentation for few-shot question answering, 2024

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:33.660354Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation b7f2bd26-eda6-4e44-8054-7bb4f6e48d20 · outbound

This paper cites Meditron-70b: Scaling medical pretraining for large language models, 2023.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Meditron-70b: Scaling medical pretraining for large language models, 2023

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:32.825829Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation bf640d0d-59f1-471b-90f9-d4596d3ebe90 · outbound

This paper cites Information extraction from weakly structured radiological reports with natural language queries.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Information extraction from weakly structured radiological reports with natural language queries

Reference 9

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:33.633291Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation f1e4199a-901c-4445-9b94-29cb511b043c · outbound

This paper cites Learning to ask: Neural question generation for reading comprehension.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Learning to ask: Neural question generation for reading comprehension

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:32.836114Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 1896aa6b-8b2a-44a5-9ac0-dbb34227f38b · outbound

This paper cites Annotating and characterizing clinical sentences with explicit why- QA cues.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Annotating and characterizing clinical sentences with explicit why- QA cues

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:32.841157Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 80cadf20-3f82-47c9-93b0-9131d368afeb · outbound

This paper cites A lightweight method to generate unanswerable questions in E nglish.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA A lightweight method to generate unanswerable questions in E nglish

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:32.846243Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation af4b8882-f634-4f09-b62e-ba88396f3b7a · outbound

This paper cites Mimic-iii, a freely accessible critical care database.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Mimic-iii, a freely accessible critical care database

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:32.851460Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 883b78b9-6150-46d6-b513-0a794b65ac49 · outbound

This paper cites Le, Fan Bai, and Alan Ritter.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Le, Fan Bai, and Alan Ritter

Reference 14

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:33.182492Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 212f018b-d622-47ba-8b9f-d9bb3465a4f2 · outbound

This paper cites Learning to ask like a physician.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Learning to ask like a physician

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:32.861065Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4132d18e-0529-48c4-988f-8af8cbca376f · outbound

This paper cites Pretrained language models for biomedical and clinical tasks: Understanding and extending the state-of-the-art.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Pretrained language models for biomedical and clinical tasks: Understanding and extending the state-of-the-art

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:32.865619Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7d3ed0a8-d14c-4baf-a5eb-72a5b8a21a24 · outbound

This paper cites PAQ: 65 Million Probably-Asked Questions and What You Can Do With Them.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA PAQ: 65 Million Probably-Asked Questions and What You Can Do With Them

Reference 17

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:32.870372Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e64ddf93-ce69-4a33-9bd6-94ad68b13d52 · outbound

This paper cites RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach

Reference 18

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:32.875167Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 26a4b56c-7f2f-48be-bbd0-91a664526742 · outbound

This paper cites Question-Answering System Extracts Information on Injection Drug Use from Clinical Notes.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Question-Answering System Extracts Information on Injection Drug Use from Clinical Notes

Reference 19

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:33.420473Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation b12b3ea0-e40c-4582-8384-8d948e574f38 · outbound

This paper cites Extractive clinical question-answering with multianswer and multifocus questions: Data set development and evaluation study.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Extractive clinical question-answering with multianswer and multifocus questions: Data set development and evaluation study

Reference 20

Resolution: malformed identifier; doi_truncated, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:33.146158Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 82a49fd4-00a4-402b-ab06-b0e6be8b8e69 · outbound

This paper cites Experiments on portuguese clinical question answering.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Experiments on portuguese clinical question answering

Reference 21

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:33.592025Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 09c58e49-8ef2-4792-a995-6634e9895ba3 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Unresolved cited work

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:32.895678Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ef675c98-0f90-486c-9cd9-bb8e2ce14261 · outbound

This paper cites emr QA : A large corpus for question answering on electronic medical records.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA emr QA : A large corpus for question answering on electronic medical records

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:32.900800Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9273f2a4-4f6f-487f-9bb6-6cd9e456244c · outbound

This paper cites An ontology for clinical questions about the contents of patient notes.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA An ontology for clinical questions about the contents of patient notes

Reference 24

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:33.118116Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 6bac372c-3ccc-46b2-a92e-ffd4d2307e1c · outbound

This paper cites Synthetic Data Applications in Finance.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Synthetic Data Applications in Finance

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:32.909912Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation abf00f48-6392-4859-89ef-bb70e831e3ed · outbound

This paper cites Training question answering models from synthetic data.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Training question answering models from synthetic data

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:32.915958Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4858d50a-dbd3-4423-b4be-e74a0aa8cdd4 · outbound

This paper cites Liang, and Murthy V.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Liang, and Murthy V

Reference 27

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:33.563248Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 4a39e969-46e9-429a-9e89-c4abe4969be0 · outbound

This paper cites SQ u AD : 100,000+ questions for machine comprehension of text.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA SQ u AD : 100,000+ questions for machine comprehension of text

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:32.927157Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7e93edd8-a280-4890-8adf-948f72160d16 · outbound

This paper cites Few-shot question answering by pretraining span selection.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Few-shot question answering by pretraining span selection

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:32.932073Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 47ae3e70-e2cf-48e8-9a04-2b8b966b863a · outbound

This paper cites Can llms augment low-resource reading comprehension datasets? opportunities and challenges, 2023.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Can llms augment low-resource reading comprehension datasets? opportunities and challenges, 2023

Reference 30

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:33.547156Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 175e59d8-15d0-486a-9719-c2f4187301ec · outbound

This paper cites R ad QA : A question answering dataset to improve comprehension of radiology reports.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA R ad QA : A question answering dataset to improve comprehension of radiology reports

Reference 31

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:33.530640Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 0e8f38c2-20e8-4f7b-9186-a7007fa4af76 · outbound

This paper cites Generative language models for paragraph-level question generation.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Generative language models for paragraph-level question generation

Reference 32

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:33.069089Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation c097de2f-4b33-4bd2-a7d3-a120e9d828d7 · outbound

This paper cites An empirical comparison of LM -based question and answer generation methods.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA An empirical comparison of LM -based question and answer generation methods

Reference 33

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:33.052125Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 5ecb7a87-bcfb-4039-9598-2078cb2974af · outbound

This paper cites P rompt2 M odel: Generating deployable models from natural language instructions.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA P rompt2 M odel: Generating deployable models from natural language instructions

Reference 34

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:32.956509Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 52d21b2e-4d2b-4f6d-b7c6-0e90cd4f2f27 · outbound

This paper cites PromptAgent: Strategic Planning with Language Models Enables Expert-level Prompt Optimization.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA PromptAgent: Strategic Planning with Language Models Enables Expert-level Prompt Optimization

Reference 35

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:32.961207Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 81f10c34-844c-4539-a982-78dcec18fbfc · outbound

This paper cites Explicit over implict: Explicit diversity conditions for effective question answer generation.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Explicit over implict: Explicit diversity conditions for effective question answer generation

Reference 36

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:33.514069Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation e5fd7d70-a5f8-42ae-a85f-ef106bf7f247 · outbound

This paper cites Diversity enhanced narrative question generation for storybooks.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Diversity enhanced narrative question generation for storybooks

Reference 37

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:33.023266Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation 886116c3-a74b-4943-9d24-dfeb3e88100b · outbound

This paper cites Large language model as attributed training data generator: A tale of diversity and bias.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Large language model as attributed training data generator: A tale of diversity and bias

Reference 38

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:33.496783Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.

Observation aaabffb8-f2b9-4192-96d3-63db16d7b02d · outbound

This paper cites Cliniqg4qa: Generating diverse questions for domain adaptation of clinical question answering.

Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA Cliniqg4qa: Generating diverse questions for domain adaptation of clinical question answering

Reference 39

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-11T21:30:32.982735Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation ff145259-2474-4035-8eaa-453546d21e06 · inbound

Diagnosing our datasets: How does my language model learn clinical information? cites this paper.

Diagnosing our datasets: How does my language model learn clinical information? Give me Some Hard Questions: Synthetic Data Generation for Clinical QA

Reference 5

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-07T15:29:11.051626Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-17T06:30:58.91139+00:00.