Paper Citation Record · LEDGER

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference

As of 7 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 33 of 33 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2507.05228.

A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.

pith.paper-citation-record.v1
2507.05228 v1

Coverage vector

measured 33 of 33 reference resolution

Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:53.005919Z

measured 34 of 34 standing notices

One-hop event checks from named stored sources.

Source: scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache, observed 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00

measured 1 of 1 inbound itemization

Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.

Source: paper_references, paper_reference_links, observed 2026-05-15T14:12:14.160789Z

measured 0 of 1 external citation measurements

A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.

Source: arxiv_reference, observed 2026-05-15T14:15:55.528918Z

Reference resolution

33 of 33 outbound references displayed

verified exact2
verified fuzzy4
unresolved27
parse uncertain0
malformed identifier0
metadata mismatch0

External citation measurements

No source-named external measurement is stored.

Outbound references

Observation 7e325165-ee62-4652-8763-55ebb32dcf40 · outbound

This paper cites Privformer: Privacy-preserving transformer with mpc.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference Privformer: Privacy-preserving transformer with mpc

Reference 1

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:50.288243Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation af97f331-7c9b-41e2-bbea-baf094e3a753 · outbound

This paper cites DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Reference 2

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:50.530748Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 45c53eac-a1dc-4873-922f-e1bc84c03ae8 · outbound

This paper cites BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding

Reference 3

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:51.003986Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 4a0503a3-6f6a-4082-a0ba-326494f7c6f9 · outbound

This paper cites Puma: Secure inference of llama-7b in five minutes, 2023.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference Puma: Secure inference of llama-7b in five minutes, 2023

Reference 4

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:51.925940Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation d88b4a92-fef8-4d73-a800-f54df17f94a8 · outbound

This paper cites Goldreich, S.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference Goldreich, S

Reference 5

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:52.331237Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation af413304-18d0-40c1-b66b-b12f7f36b0a5 · outbound

This paper cites Iron: Private inference on transformers.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference Iron: Private inference on transformers

Reference 6

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:53.959055Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation f1697e59-de5b-4c43-961b-9604d084a139 · outbound

This paper cites Cheetah: Lean and fast secure two-party deep neural network inference.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference Cheetah: Lean and fast secure two-party deep neural network inference

Reference 7

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:53.942535Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation a5845407-6a4b-4af1-bda9-fb37f8ecb6f7 · outbound

This paper cites Chatgpt for good? on opportunities and challenges of large language models for education.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference Chatgpt for good? on opportunities and challenges of large language models for education

Reference 8

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:52.488283Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 7a8c0ff3-1848-4c12-9286-fd96b0caccfd · outbound

This paper cites MPCFormer: fast, performant and private Transformer inference with MPC.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference MPCFormer: fast, performant and private Transformer inference with MPC

Reference 9

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:52.563883Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 9aa2a1ba-c5b5-4f3d-883b-56de2de01ccb · outbound

This paper cites Nimbus: Secure and Efficient Two-Party Inference for Transformers.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference Nimbus: Secure and Efficient Two-Party Inference for Transformers

Reference 10

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:52.624823Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 302904c1-6681-46da-a494-39ae75e16986 · outbound

This paper cites ROUGE : A package for automatic evaluation of summaries.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference ROUGE : A package for automatic evaluation of summaries

Reference 11

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:52.696589Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a92496b1-5fb9-4c9c-91e4-9f818b17154e · outbound

This paper cites RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach

Reference 12

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:52.725381Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 3263956c-9e92-4389-8028-d14089b05298 · outbound

This paper cites CENTAUR: Bridging the Impossible Trinity of Privacy, Efficiency, and Performance in Privacy-Preserving Transformer Inference.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference CENTAUR: Bridging the Impossible Trinity of Privacy, Efficiency, and Performance in Privacy-Preserving Transformer Inference

Reference 13

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:52.762541Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6f533b07-21f1-48e6-99ca-82dc5c6509c7 · outbound

This paper cites SecFormer: Fast and Accurate Privacy-Preserving Inference for Transformer Models via SMPC.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference SecFormer: Fast and Accurate Privacy-Preserving Inference for Transformer Models via SMPC

Reference 14

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:52.780241Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 429f897f-84b8-4051-93bb-cd00a9859a83 · outbound

This paper cites Ray: A Distributed Framework for Emerging AI Applications.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference Ray: A Distributed Framework for Emerging AI Applications

Reference 15

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:52.874501Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a65503a7-cfc6-4c30-9bce-6425a725f1a5 · outbound

This paper cites Language Model Inversion.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference Language Model Inversion

Reference 16

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:52.905233Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6f0c0c8f-9123-49fb-a6ad-be7b1594e461 · outbound

This paper cites BOLT : Privacy-preserving, accurate and efficient inference for transformers.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference BOLT : Privacy-preserving, accurate and efficient inference for transformers

Reference 17

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:53.907861Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation e680d1bd-24e4-4a68-bf62-5824046bda24 · outbound

This paper cites Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference Bleu: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation

Reference 18

Resolution: verified fuzzy; raw_fallback, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:53.881435Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation caa66620-2dae-4429-96d0-fe25b683e29b · outbound

This paper cites Qwen2.5 Technical Report.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference Qwen2.5 Technical Report

Reference 19

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:52.921852Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation f59c937a-e58c-41dd-8f7d-490382bbad58 · outbound

This paper cites Large language models in medicine.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference Large language models in medicine

Reference 20

Resolution: verified exact; doi, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:53.071285Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation 8025759c-1d9d-4b83-9e27-0aa6c46d9597 · outbound

This paper cites An Attack to Break Permutation-Based Private Third-Party Inference Schemes for LLMs.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference An Attack to Break Permutation-Based Private Third-Party Inference Schemes for LLMs

Reference 21

Resolution: verified exact; local_arxiv, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:53.239409Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.

Observation a10baa12-7af1-4d0b-a40f-d57282231e8b · outbound

This paper cites Information Leakage from Embedding in Large Language Models.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference Information Leakage from Embedding in Large Language Models

Reference 22

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:52.940346Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 64f693d6-9714-413d-b883-526d9a99028f · outbound

This paper cites Smarter, Better, Faster, Longer: A Modern Bidirectional Encoder for Fast, Memory Efficient, and Long Context Finetuning and Inference.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference Smarter, Better, Faster, Longer: A Modern Bidirectional Encoder for Fast, Memory Efficient, and Long Context Finetuning and Inference

Reference 23

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:52.945332Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 49077609-c40d-4a01-883d-eeee5149c805 · outbound

This paper cites Permutation Equivariance of Transformers and Its Applications.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference Permutation Equivariance of Transformers and Its Applications

Reference 24

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:52.951178Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation b2058bf1-fd50-451e-a663-eab68bd15647 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference Unresolved cited work

Reference 25

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:52.956851Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 663c806a-cfcb-4de3-9538-6e7191a1836b · outbound

This paper cites Secure Transformer Inference Protocol.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference Secure Transformer Inference Protocol

Reference 26

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:52.961959Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 6b0d2504-31eb-4706-bd21-24c07e4d7247 · outbound

This paper cites PermLLM: Private Inference of Large Language Models within 3 Seconds under WAN.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference PermLLM: Private Inference of Large Language Models within 3 Seconds under WAN

Reference 27

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:52.968823Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation e3a96f83-0b13-45a3-905a-975a562d50ea · outbound

This paper cites Multilingual Machine Translation with Large Language Models: Empirical Results and Analysis.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference Multilingual Machine Translation with Large Language Models: Empirical Results and Analysis

Reference 28

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:52.975308Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation ac0c9113-d010-4efb-a6fd-4f7cba3aba1a · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference write newline

Reference 29

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:52.981236Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 072d6bd5-33c4-47e3-8fc9-474d5a6df1bf · outbound

This paper cites write newline.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference write newline

Reference 30

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:52.987503Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation c51a0534-cc39-4684-9f46-557e79b0dc1a · outbound

This paper cites @esa (Ref.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference @esa (Ref

Reference 31

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:52.994458Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation 0f1745b8-03d9-4651-8671-4dd0a1637608 · outbound

This paper cites an unresolved cited work.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference Unresolved cited work

Reference 32

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:53.000547Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Observation a6489a29-fd66-4883-9515-51c55d624563 · outbound

This paper cites Text Embeddings Reveal (Almost) As Much As Text.

Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference Text Embeddings Reveal (Almost) As Much As Text

Reference 33

Resolution: unresolved; no resolver link, observed 2026-08-06T19:45:53.005919Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

Unavailable: canonical work link unavailable.

Pith citing papers

Observation 7cf32ca2-cfd0-4bf5-9a42-a7e035ef68b4 · inbound

Security Considerations for Multi-agent Systems cites this paper.

Security Considerations for Multi-agent Systems Cascade: Token-Sharded Private LLM Inference

Reference 253

Resolution: verified exact; arxiv_id, observed 2026-05-15T14:15:55.531509Z

Source-reported events for the cited work

No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-07T06:34:17.273281+00:00.