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arxiv 1103.4055 v1 pith:G3FHCJTS submitted 2011-03-21 astro-ph.HE

PAMELA Measurements of Cosmic-ray Proton and Helium Spectra

O. Adriani , G. C. Barbarino , G. A. Bazilevskaya , R. Bellotti , M. Boezio , E. A. Bogomolov , L. Bonechi , M. Bongi
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V. Bonvicini S. Borisov S. Bottai A. Bruno F. Cafagna D. Campana R. Carbone P. Carlson M. Casolino G. Castellini L. Consiglio M. P. De Pascale C. De Santis N. De Simone V. Di Felice A. M. Galper W. Gillard L. Grishantseva G. Jerse A. V. Karelin S. V. Koldashov S. Y. Krutkov A. N. Kvashnin A. Leonov V. Malakhov V. Malvezzi L. Marcelli A. G. Mayorov W. Menn V. V. Mikhailov E. Mocchiutti A. Monaco N. Mori N. Nikonov G. Osteria F. Palma P. Papini M. Pearce P. Picozza C. Pizzolotto M. Ricci S. B. Ricciarini L. Rossetto R. Sarkar M. Simon R. Sparvoli P. Spillantini Y. I. Stozhkov A. Vacchi E. Vannuccini G. Vasilyev S. A. Voronov Y. T. Yurkin J. Wu G. Zampa N. Zampa V. G. Zverev
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keywords accelerationcosmicheliummeasurementspropagationcosmic-raydatagalaxy
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Protons and helium nuclei are the most abundant components of the cosmic radiation. Precise measurements of their fluxes are needed to understand the acceleration and subsequent propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. We report precision measurements of the proton and helium spectra in the rigidity range 1 GV-1.2 TV performed by the satellite-borne experiment PAMELA. We find that the spectral shapes of these two species are different and cannot be well described by a single power law. These data challenge the current paradigm of cosmic-ray acceleration in supernova remnants followed by diffusive propagation in the Galaxy. More complex processes of acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays are required to explain the spectral structures observed in our data.

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Cited by 4 Pith papers

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  1. Charge-dependent spectral softenings of primary cosmic-rays below the knee

    astro-ph.HE 2025-11 conditional novelty 7.0

    Direct measurements reveal charge-dependent spectral softenings in primary cosmic rays at a common rigidity of ~15 TV, rejecting mass-dependent softening at >99.999% confidence.

  2. On the Contribution of Local Sources to the Galactic Cosmic-Ray Spectrum: An Exact Series Solution for Two-Zone Diffusion

    astro-ph.HE 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Derives series solution for two-zone cosmic-ray diffusion and finds local-source probability at 10 TeV rises from 0.4% to 1.7-2.2% but remains model-dependent.

  3. Transition from Diffusion to Drift-Dominated Cosmic Ray Transport and the Origin of the Knee

    astro-ph.HE 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Simulations show that drift dominance over diffusion can create a knee at PeV energies if parallel diffusion becomes energy-independent above 1 TeV, though some setups fail to match observed grammage.

  4. IceCube Results and Perspective for Neutrinos from LHAASO Sources

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    Reviews IceCube neutrino results, models Galactic plane flux from cosmic ray interactions with the interstellar medium, and discusses prospects for identifying PeVatrons via LHAASO sources.