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arxiv 2306.01832 v1 pith:GA6YDL34 submitted 2023-06-02 astro-ph.GA astro-ph.HE

Exploring Proxies for the Supermassive Black Hole Mass Function: Implications for Pulsar Timing Arrays

classification astro-ph.GA astro-ph.HE
keywords galaxyfunctionmasssmbhbinaryobservationssmbhsarrays
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) reside at the center of every massive galaxy in the local Universe with masses that closely correlate with observations of their host galaxy implying a connected evolutionary history. The population of binary SMBHs, which form following galaxy mergers, is expected to produce a gravitational wave background (GWB) detectable by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). PTAs are starting to see hints of what may be a GWB, and the amplitude of the emerging signal is towards the higher end of model predictions. Simulated populations of binary SMBHs can be constructed from observations of galaxies and are used to make predictions about the nature of the GWB. The greatest source of uncertainty in these observation-based models comes from the inference of the SMBH mass function, which is derived from observed host galaxy properties. In this paper, I undertake a new approach for inferring the SMBH mass function starting from a velocity dispersion function rather than a galaxy stellar mass function. I argue that this method allows for a more direct inference by relying on a larger suite of individual galaxy observations as well as relying on a more "fundamental" SMBH mass relation. I find that the resulting binary SMBH population contains more massive systems at higher redshifts than previous models. Additionally, I explore the implications for the detection of individually resolvable sources in PTA data.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Population statistics of nanohertz gravitational wave sources

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    A hierarchical Bayesian inference framework combining free-spectrum reconstruction with population-level likelihoods distinguishes finite SMBHB populations from Gaussian primordial GWB using mock PTA data.

  2. Comparing gravitational wave background predictions from cosmological simulations to pulsar timing observations

    astro-ph.GA 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    FABLE simulation predictions for the nanohertz gravitational wave background are statistically consistent with NANOGrav 15-year data at 1–2.5σ tension, with physically motivated population modifications further improv...