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Measuring the circular polarization of gravitational waves with pulsar timing arrays

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arxiv 2406.04957 v1 pith:GPKROLAH submitted 2024-06-07 astro-ph.CO gr-qc

classification astro-ph.COgr-qc
keywords circularpolarizationsgwbanisotropiesastrophysicalcosmologicaldatasetsfuture
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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The circular polarization of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) is a key observable for characterising the origin of the signal detected by Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) collaborations. Both the astrophysical and the cosmological SGWB can have a sizeable amount of circular polarization, due to Poisson fluctuations in the source properties for the former, and to parity violating processes in the early universe for the latter. Its measurement is challenging since PTA are blind to the circular polarization monopole, forcing us to turn to anisotropies for detection. We study the sensitivity of current and future PTA datasets to circular polarization anisotropies, focusing on realistic modelling of intrinsic and kinematic anisotropies for astrophysical and cosmological scenarios respectively. Our results indicate that the expected level of circular polarization for the astrophysical SGWB should be within the reach of near future datasets, while for cosmological SGWB circular polarization is a viable target for more advanced SKA-type experiments.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. New test of modified gravity with gravitational wave experiments

    gr-qc 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    For a stationary, isotropic gravitational wave background, three-point correlations are produced only by scalar polarizations, giving a new null test for modified gravity.

  2. Mapping the Gravitational-wave Background Across the Spectrum with a Next-Generation Anisotropic Per-frequency Optimal Statistic

    astro-ph.IM 2025-09 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A new pulsar-timing-array pipeline maps the gravitational-wave sky per frequency, folds cosmic variance into significance estimates, and detects a simulated loud source at p=0.01 versus 0.2 broadband.

  3. Twisted echoes of an odd quartet: Scalar-induced gravitational waves as a probe of primordial parity-violation

    astro-ph.CO 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A parity-odd primordial trispectrum imprints measurable left-right asymmetry in scalar-induced gravitational waves, and the chirality ratio directly tracks the parity-odd to parity-even trispectrum amplitude ratio.

  4. Beyond general relativity: gravitational waves in non-minimally coupled theories

    gr-qc 2025-10 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A generalized propagation parameterization for gravitational-wave strains is extended to O(H²) and O(H′), then mapped to Kalb-Ramond, axion-dilaton–Chern-Simons–Gauss-Bonnet, and U(1) dark-photon models.

  5. \texttt{GWBird}: a toolkit for the characterization of the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background for Ground, Space, and Pulsar Timing Array detectors

    astro-ph.IM 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    A new, unified Python package computes overlap reduction functions, power-law integrated sensitivity curves, and angular sensitivity curves for ground, space, and pulsar timing array detectors across all gravitational...

  6. A battle of designs: triangular vs. L-shaped detectors and parity violation in the gravitational-wave background

    gr-qc 2025-11 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    L-shaped Einstein Telescope designs outperform triangular designs for detecting a parity-violating gravitational-wave background, and ET alone cannot do it under current observational constraints.

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