Polar phase of superfluid 3He in anisotropic aerogel

We report the observation of a new superfluid phase of 3He -- polar phase. This phase appears in 3He confined in a new type of aerogel with nearly parallel arrangement of strands which play a role of ordered impurities. Our observations qualitatively agree with theoretical predictions and suggest that in other systems with unconventional Cooper pairing (e.g. in unconventional superconductors) similar phenomena may be found in presence of anisotropic impurities.