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LLMs in Biomedicine: A study on clinical Named Entity Recognition

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arxiv 2404.07376 v2 pith:GVOEBWS2 submitted 2024-04-10 cs.CL

classification cs.CL
keywords biomedicalllmsenhanceknowledgelanguagescorestrategiesacross
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable versatility in various NLP tasks but encounter distinct challenges in biomedical due to the complexities of language and data scarcity. This paper investigates LLMs application in the biomedical domain by exploring strategies to enhance their performance for the NER task. Our study reveals the importance of meticulously designed prompts in the biomedical. Strategic selection of in-context examples yields a marked improvement, offering ~15-20\% increase in F1 score across all benchmark datasets for biomedical few-shot NER. Additionally, our results indicate that integrating external biomedical knowledge via prompting strategies can enhance the proficiency of general-purpose LLMs to meet the specialized needs of biomedical NER. Leveraging a medical knowledge base, our proposed method, DiRAG, inspired by Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), can boost the zero-shot F1 score of LLMs for biomedical NER. Code is released at \url{https://github.com/masoud-monajati/LLM_Bio_NER}

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Forward citations

Cited by 8 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. From Text to Actionable Intelligence: Automating STIX Entity and Relationship Extraction

    cs.CR 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Fine-tuned LLMs extract STIX entities and relationships from threat reports with per-module F1 scores of 84.4%, 88.5%, 95.5%, and 84.6%, backed by a new 4,011-entity annotated dataset.

  2. RAMIE: Retrieval-Augmented Multi-task Information Extraction with Large Language Models on Dietary Supplements

    cs.CL 2024-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    RAMIE, a retrieval-augmented multi-task instruction-tuned framework, improves LLM information extraction for dietary supplements from clinical records, with RAG recovering accuracy lost in multi-task training.

  3. ChiMed 2.0: Advancing Chinese Medical Dataset in Facilitating Large Language Modeling

    cs.CL 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    ChiMed 2.0 is a 204.4M-character Chinese medical dataset spanning pretraining, SFT, and preference data that yields small gains on CMMLU and CEval medical subsets.

  4. STAYKATE: Hybrid In-Context Example Selection Combining Representativeness Sampling and Retrieval-based Approach -- A Case Study on Science Domains

    cs.CL 2024-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    STAYKATE blends static representativeness sampling with kNN retrieval to pick in-context examples for LLM scientific NER, reporting modest F1 improvements over KATE and random baselines.

  5. Distilling Large Language Models for Efficient Clinical Information Extraction

    cs.CL 2024-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Small BERT models distilled from LLM and ontology labels match the teachers on medication and disease extraction at a fraction of cost, but trail on symptoms.

  6. Unveiling Performance Challenges of Large Language Models in Low-Resource Healthcare: A Demographic Fairness Perspective

    cs.CL 2024-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    An evaluation of GPT-4, Claude-3, and LLaMA-3 on six healthcare tasks finds low accuracy and demographic unfairness, with less favorable predictions for African American patients.

  7. Cohort Retrieval using Dense Passage Retrieval

    cs.IR 2025-06 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A DPR-based retrieval model trained on echocardiography reports outperforms BM25 and off-the-shelf embeddings on common cohort queries, but underperforms on rare-condition (out-of-distribution) searches.

  8. GerPS-Compare: Comparing NER methods for legal norm analysis

    cs.CL 2024-12 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    On a German legal norm corpus, a fine-tuned XLM-RoBERTa outperforms a rule-based system and a prompted LLM (LeoLM) in macro F1 for ten annotation classes.

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