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Collins asymmetries for pion-in-jet production in polarized $\ell p$ collisions at the EIC

T0 review · 1 major / 2 minor · reviewed 2026-06-30 · grok-4.3

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Pith's one-line read Collins asymmetries in polarized lepton-proton collisions offer clearer access to the transversity distribution at the EIC.

desk verdict Straightforward extension of TMD Collins asymmetry calculations from pp to EIC lp collisions that highlights quark dominance but adds no new functions or independent constraints. read the letter →

arxiv 2605.02890 v3 pith:H7RDSEGR submitted 2026-05-04 hep-ph

Umberto D'Alesio , Carlo Flore , Marco Zaccheddu This is my paper · ORCID
classification hep-ph
keywords Collinsasymmetrypion-in-jetproductiontransversitydistributionTMDfactorizationEIClepton-protoncollisionsfunctionuniversalityWeizsacker-Williamsapproximation
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

The reading

The paper computes Collins azimuthal asymmetries for pion-in-jet production in polarized lepton-proton collisions at the Electron-Ion Collider using a simplified TMD approach. It takes transversity and Collins fragmentation functions extracted from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering and electron-positron annihilation and applies them to EIC kinematics. Calculations cover both leading-order quark channels and the Weizsacker-Williams quasireal photon contribution. The results show that quark-initiated processes dominate, giving much clearer access to the transversity distribution including its sea-quark component than in proton-proton scattering. Future comparison with EIC data would test whether the Collins function remains universal and whether TMD factorization applies to this process class.

What carries the argument

The Collins azimuthal asymmetry generated by the product of the transversity distribution and the Collins fragmentation function inside a simplified TMD framework applied to pion-in-jet production.

What would settle it

Measured Collins asymmetries at the EIC that deviate substantially from the numerical predictions obtained with SIDIS-extracted functions would indicate that universality or TMD factorization fails for this process.

Watch

Extended reading notes

Core claim

In lepton-proton collisions the Collins asymmetries for pion-in-jet production are carried by quark-initiated channels that directly couple the transversity distribution to the Collins fragmentation function, with the Weizsacker-Williams photon exchange remaining relevant yet not spoiling quark dominance; this yields a cleaner probe of transversity, including sea quarks, than proton-proton scattering and supplies a test of Collins-function universality together with TMD factorization for the process.

Load-bearing premise

The transversity and Collins functions extracted from SIDIS and e+e- annihilation can be transferred without change to pion-in-jet production in polarized lepton-proton collisions, provided TMD factorization and Collins universality hold for these kinematics.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • Quark-initiated channels dominate the asymmetry over gluon channels across the explored kinematics.
  • The Weizsacker-Williams photon exchange contributes throughout the range but leaves quark dominance intact.
  • Sea-quark transversity becomes directly accessible without the gluon dilution present in proton-proton scattering.
  • Comparison with EIC data supplies an independent test of Collins-function universality and TMD factorization.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Global TMD fits could incorporate these lp predictions as a complementary dataset to SIDIS and e+e- data.
  • If the asymmetries match, the same functions could be applied to other lepton-hadron processes with greater .
  • Experimental design at the EIC might prioritize polarized lepton-proton runs to isolate sea-quark transversity.
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Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

1 major / 2 minor

Summary. The manuscript calculates Collins azimuthal asymmetries for pion-in-jet production in polarized lepton-proton collisions at EIC kinematics. It uses a simplified TMD approach with collinear initial state and transversity and Collins functions extracted from SIDIS and e+e- processes. Asymmetries are computed at leading order and with Weizsäcker-Williams photon exchange, concluding that quark channels dominate allowing clearer access to transversity (including sea) and that EIC data can test Collins universality and TMD factorization.

Significance. If the calculations are accurate, this provides a theoretically simpler complement to pp studies for accessing transversity distributions. The explicit framing as a test of the universality hypothesis is a strength, as it avoids overclaiming and positions the work as a useful benchmark for future EIC measurements.

major comments (1)
  1. The central claim of quark dominance relies on the adopted approximations (collinear initial state, LO + WW); a quantitative comparison of the gluon contribution magnitude across the kinematic range would strengthen the 'much clearer access' statement.
minor comments (2)
  1. Clarify the specific kinematic cuts or ranges used for the EIC predictions to allow reproducibility.
  2. The abstract mentions 'extending previous analyses of polarized pp scattering'; a brief reference to those works in the introduction would help contextualize the extension.

Simulated Author's Rebuttal

1 responses · 0 unresolved

We thank the referee for the positive evaluation of our manuscript and the recommendation for minor revision. We address the major comment below.

read point-by-point responses

  1. Referee: The central claim of quark dominance relies on the adopted approximations (collinear initial state, LO + WW); a quantitative comparison of the gluon contribution magnitude across the kinematic range would strengthen the 'much clearer access' statement.

    Authors: We appreciate this observation. Our calculations already indicate that the Weizsäcker-Williams contribution, while relevant across the kinematic range, does not alter the dominance of quark-initiated channels, leaving gluon counterparts with only a marginal role. To strengthen the claim as suggested, we will add in the revised manuscript a quantitative comparison of the gluon and quark contributions (e.g., via ratios or separate curves) across the explored EIC kinematics. revision: yes

Circularity Check

0 steps flagged · score 0.0 of 10

No significant circularity identified

full rationale

The paper adopts transversity and Collins fragmentation functions extracted from independent SIDIS and e+e- processes, applies a simplified TMD framework with collinear initial state and LO + WW approximations to compute pion-in-jet Collins asymmetries for EIC kinematics, and frames future data comparison as a test of universality/factorization rather than asserting prior proof. No step reduces by the paper's own equations to a quantity fitted inside this work, nor relies on self-citation chains or ansatze imported from overlapping-author prior work as load-bearing justification. The quark-channel dominance result follows directly from the adopted external inputs and stated approximations without self-referential closure.

Assumptions & free parameters 0 free parameters · 2 assumptions · 0 invented entities

The central claim rests on the transferability of fitted transversity and Collins functions and on the validity of TMD factorization in the new process; no new free parameters are introduced in the abstract, but the entire prediction inherits the fitting uncertainties and modeling assumptions of the input functions.

assumptions (2)
  • domain assumption TMD factorization holds for pion-in-jet production in polarized lp collisions at EIC kinematics
    Invoked when the authors adopt the simplified TMD approach and transfer functions extracted from other processes.
  • domain assumption The Collins fragmentation function is universal across SIDIS, e+e-, and lp processes
    Stated as a hypothesis to be tested by future EIC data but required for the numerical predictions.

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Cite this review

Pith. "Pith review of Collins asymmetries for pion-in-jet production in polarized $\ell p$ collisions at the EIC." pith.science (2026). https://pith.science/paper/H7RDSEGR

@misc{pith2026260502890,
  author       = {Pith},
  title        = {Pith review of: Collins asymmetries for pion-in-jet production in polarized $\ell p$ collisions at the EIC},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://pith.science/paper/H7RDSEGR}},
  note         = {Machine review of arXiv:2605.02890}
}
abstract

We study Collins azimuthal asymmetries for pion-in-jet production in polarized lepton-proton collisions, extending previous analyses of polarized $pp$ scattering to a complementary and theoretically simpler process. We keep adopting a simplified transverse momentum dependent (TMD) approach, with a collinear configuration for the initial state, and employ the transversity and Collins fragmentation functions as extracted from semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering and $e^+ e^-$ annihilation processes. We then compute azimuthal asymmetries for the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) kinematics, both within a leading order (LO) approach and by including quasireal photon exchange in the Weizs\"acker-Williams approximation. Although this contribution is relevant in the whole kinematical range explored, it does not spoil the dominance of quark-initiated channels, leaving only a marginal role to their gluon counterparts. In this respect, Collins asymmetries in lepton-proton processes allow for a much clearer access to the transversity distribution, including its sea-quark component. As we will argue, a comparison with future EIC data could represent a further step in testing the hypothesis of the universality of the Collins function as well as of the TMD factorization for this class of processes.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2605.02890 by the authors.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Unpolarized cross sections for ℓp → jet π ± X as a function of ηj at three different values of √ s, with the corresponding pjT ranges, see legend. Upper panels: LO and (LO+WW) results; middle panels: ratio of full (LO+WW) contribution to the LO piece; lower panels: relative contribution of quark- and gluon￾induced channels to the total cross section. precisely, we consider three different center-of-mass energy value… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Collins asymmetries for ℓp ↑ → jet π ± X as a function of ηj ; LO (dashed lines and gray bands) and LO+WW (solid lines and colored bands). Left to right: √ s = 45, 105, 141 GeV, with the corresponding pjT ranges, see legend. Uncertainty bands at 2σ CL. π + production the asymmetries are relatively small, around 1%, the corresponding ones for π − tend to grow at forward rapid￾ity, ranging from 2 to 4-8%, depending on… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Collins asymmetries for ℓp ↑ → jet π ± X as a function of xT : LO (dashed lines and gray bands) and LO+WW (solid lines and colored bands). Left to right: √ s = 45, 105, 141 GeV. Upper panels: forward rapidities; lower panels: backward rapidities. Uncertainty bands at 2σ CL. (see view at source ↗
Figures from the paper (2 more)
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Collins asymmetries for for ℓp ↑ → jet π ± X as a function of z: LO (dashed lines and gray bands) and LO+WW (solid lines and colored bands). Left to right: 45, 105, 141 GeV, with the corresponding pjT ranges, see legend. Upper panels: forward rapidities; lower panels: …
Figure 5
Figure 5. Figure 5: Collins asymmetries for ℓp ↑ → jet π ± X as a function of jT for different z bins, only central values. Left to right: √ s = 45, 105, 141 GeV, with the corresponding pjT ranges, see legend. Upper panels: forward rapidities; lower panels: backward rapidities. References…

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Forward citations

Cited by 1 Pith paper

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Collins effect in pion-in-jet production in polarized $pp$ and $ep$ collisions

    hep-ph 2026-07 accept novelty 4.5 of 10

    Collins asymmetries for pion-in-jet production match STAR pp data and yield large, clean predictions at EIC kinematics that probe transversity including its sea component.

Reference graph

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