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Gamma-ray halos around pulsars as the key to understanding cosmic ray transport in the Galaxy
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Gamma-ray halos around pulsars as the key to understanding cosmic ray transport in the Galaxy
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Pulsars are factories of relativistic electrons and positrons that propagate away from the pulsar, permeating later our Galaxy. The acceleration and propagation of these particles are a matter of intense debate. In the last few years, we had the opportunity to directly observing the injection of these particles into the interstellar medium through the discovery of gamma-ray halos around pulsars. This new type of gamma-ray source is produced by electrons and positrons diffusing out of the pulsar wind nebula and scattering ambient photon fields to produce gamma rays. This new field of study comes with a number of observations and constraints at different wavelengths and a variety of theoretical models explaining the characteristics of these halos. We examine the characteristics of the propagation of cosmic rays inferred from the observations of halos and their local and global implications on particle transport in the Galaxy. We also discuss the prospects for observations of these sources with facilities such as LHAASO, or CTA or SWGO in the near future.
Forward citations
Cited by 4 Pith papers
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PHECT: A lightweight computation tool for pulsar halo emission
PHECT is a configurable computation tool for pulsar halo gamma-ray emission using multiple transport models and stable finite-volume discretizations.
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Search for TeV emission from spider millisecond pulsars with HAWC
HAWC observations yield no TeV detections from spider MSPs, with upper limits indicating they are unlikely to contribute substantially to Galactic diffuse emission at TeV energies.
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Constraining the slow-diffusion zone size and electron injection spectral index for the Geminga pulsar halo
A two-zone diffusion model fitted to HAWC morphology and spectrum data constrains Geminga's slow-diffusion zone to 30-70 pc and injection index p ≤ 2.17, reproducing AMS-02 positrons as a derived outcome.
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Resolving diffusion signatures in distant pulsar halos with current and future experiments
Simulations indicate that CTA's angular resolution and LHAASO-KM2A's large area will improve morphological separation of diffusion-based pulsar halos from simpler spatial models.
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